2019版高考英语提分单元加餐练全国通用版(全解析)：单元加餐练4-3 Word版含解析

单元加餐练

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

A culture's values can be mirrored by its humor. Humor has been evaluated by many great minds such as Thomas Hobbes, who disliked humor, “Laughter is nothing else but sudden glory arising from some sudden thought of feeling far better than others.” He thought humor to be a negative quality of human narrowmindedness.

However, Mordechai Gordon, PhD of Education, insists, “Humor allows us to view the world from an angle that is amusing rather than serious.” I agree with Gordon. Learning to look at the world through humor is important.

In the United States, every four years an election occurs. Without humor as a way to express their feelings, how else would Americans keep from clawing their eyes out and going the way of lemming? Television shows like “The Daily Show” have become important parts of American culture. They are mothering the masses by metaphorically (隐喻地) airplane-ing politics into our mouths. They make politics fun.

Of course, politics is only one type of humor. Social humor helps people through the twists and turns of the human condition. American pop culture promotes an unhealthy self-image. On the topic of self-image,

Hari Kondabolu stands out. He has a joke about the popular musical group “The Pussycat Dolls”， describing their hit song “Don't Cha” as a negative representation of women. He points out an obvious offence in American culture.

A study from Loyola University of Maryland has shown that humor is one determining factor for selecting a mating partner. Amongst other things, mates look for an outstanding funny bone in a potential partner.

Of course, humor is not always used for good purposes. Humor can be linked to vulgarity (庸俗) and racism, but, like everything else, it has potential to unite human beings by allowing us to laugh at ourselves, our failures and our connection with one another.

Though life may seem tough and depressing at times, all I have to do is look in the mirror at my increased wrinkles (皱纹) to know that there is a comedy out there that even Chaplin wasn't aware of.

With that in mind, remember to laugh with humanity and sometimes at humanity.

篇章导读：本文是一篇议论文。本文作者通过论证认为，一种文化的价值观可以通过其幽默反映出来，并决定用幽默的态度来面对生活。

1．Hobbes believed that humor ________ .

A．was only a way to laugh at others to make oneself feel better B．resulted in narrow-mindedness of human beings

C．had the power to mirror personal glory and national values D．was for people to view the world from another angle

答案：A 细节理解题。根据文章第一段可知，Thomas Hobbes不喜欢幽默，并从他的话“Laughter is nothing else but ... thought of feeling far better than others.”可知，他认为幽默仅仅是嘲笑别人并让自己感觉更好的一种方法而已。应选A。

2．What is the author's attitude towards political humor? A．Worried. C．Curious.

B．Disappointed. D．Appreciative.

答案：D 观点态度题。根据文章第三段中的“Without humor as a way to express their feelings, how else would Americans keep from clawing their eyes out and going the way of lemming？”及“They make politics fun.”可知，作者对于政治幽默持赞赏的态度。appreciative “欣赏的，赏识的”。

3．The fourth paragraph is developed mainly ________ .

A．by example C．by comparison

B．by process D．by classification

答案：A 细节理解题。根据第四段中的第四句及下文中的解释可知，作者是通过举例子来支撑自己的观点的。故选A。

4．What can we learn from the last two paragraphs? A．Chaplin wasn't aware of being laughed at.

B．The author feels helpless and sad about getting older. C．Never be the one who laughs at other people.

D．The author is determined to face life with a sense of humor. 答案：D 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“to know that there is a comedy out there”和最后一段中的“remember to laugh with humanity”可知，作者积极肯定幽默的价值，决定以幽默的态度来面对生活。故选D。

B

Whether you're eating at a fancy restaurant or dining in someone's home, proper table manners are likely to help you make a good impression. According to a US expert, Emily Post, “All rules of table manners are made to avoid ugliness.”

While Henry Hitchings of the Los Angeles Times admits that good manners can reduce social conflicts, he points out that mostly their purpose is protective—they turn our natural warrior-like selves into more

elegant ones.

So where did table manners come from?

In medieval England, a writer named Petrus Alfonsi took the lead to urge people not to speak with their mouths full. And King David Ⅰ of Scotland also proposed that any of his people who learned to eat more neatly be given a tax deduction (扣除)．

Disappointingly, that idea never caught_on. It was during the Renaissance, when there were real technical developments, that opinions

of correct behavior changed for good. “None of these was more significant than the introduction of the table fork，” wrote Hitchings. “Gradually, as forks became popular, they brought the new way of eating, making it possible, for instance, to consume berries without making one's fingers dirty.”

Forks were introduced to Britain in 1608 and 25 years later, the first table fork reached America. Yet while most of the essentials are the same on both sides of the Atlantic, there are a few clear differences between what's normal in the US and what holds true in the UK. For example, in the US, when food needs cutting with a knife, people generally cut a bite, then lay aside the knife and switch the fork to their right hand. Then they pick up one bite at a time. By contrast, Britons keep the fork in the left hand and don't lay the knife down.

Though globalization has developed a new and simple international standard of table manners, some people still stick with the American cut-and-switch method. The Los Angeles Times noted, “They are hanging

on to a form of behavior that favors manners above efficiency.”

篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。全文介绍了餐桌礼仪在西方国家的发展与形成过程。

5．What does the passage mainly talk about? A．The importance of proper table manners.

B．The development of table manners in Western countries. C．Some unwritten rules of table manners in the US and UK. D．Differences between American and British table manners. 答案：B 主旨大意题。从中世纪英国(In medieval England)谈到文艺复兴时期(during the Renaissance)，再到1608年以及25年后(in 1608 and 25 years later)，作者讲述了餐桌礼仪在西方国家的发展与形成过程。故选B。

6．The underlined phrase “caught on” in the passage probably means

“________ ”．

A．worked in practice C．drew attention

B．became popular D．had a positive effect

答案：B 词义猜测题。上一段最后一句谈到了利用减税的政策来鼓励人们注意餐桌礼仪，再结合画线词所在句子中的“Disappointingly”一词可知，这一政策并没有产生理想的效果，也就是说这一政策并没有流行起来。故选B。

7．Which of the following events influenced people's table manners most according to the passage?

A．The introduction of the table fork. B．The tax deduction policy. C．The rise of the Renaissance.

D．Petrus Alfonsi's efforts in promoting table manners.

答案：A 细节理解题。根据第五段中的“None of these was more significant than the introduction of the table fork ... they brought the new way of eating, ...”可知，对人们餐桌礼仪影响最大的就是餐叉的引进及使用。故选A。

8．What can we conclude from the passage?

A．British and American table manners are completely different from each other.

B．American people pay more attention to their table manners than British people do.

C．With globalization, the American cut-and-switch method has been abandoned in the US.

D．British people's way of using a knife and fork may be more efficient than American people's.

答案：D 推理判断题。结合最后一段第一句，尤其是本段中洛

杉矶时报中的评论“They are hanging on to a form of behavior that favors manners above efficiency.”可推断出，在餐桌礼仪标准国际化的背景下，很多美国人仍保留左右手交换刀叉的传统餐桌礼仪，宁可牺牲效率，也要注重优雅的礼仪，再结合倒数第二段对英美两国餐桌礼仪的比较可知，英国人使用餐叉的方式更有效率。故选D。

Ⅱ.七选五

Different cultures

The cultures of the East and the West really distinguish each other a lot.__1__

The origin of the Eastern culture is mainly from two countries: China and India. Both of the two cultures are developed by rivers—the Yellow River in China and the Hindu River in India.__2__

When the two mother rivers gave birth to the Eastern culture, another famous culture was brought up on the Mesopotamian Plain—the Mesopotamian Civilization. This civilization later on developed into the cultures of Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome.__3__Like the Chinese culture, the European culture also crossed waters. When the British settled down in America, their culture went with them over the Atlantic Ocean. So the American culture doesn't distinguish from the European culture a lot.

__4__Take the language system for example. In the East, most languages belong to the pictographic language while the Western languages are mostly based on the Latin system. Other causes like human race difference count as well. But what's more, due to the far distance and the steep areas between the East and the West, the two cultures seldom communicate until recent centuries. So they grew up totally in their own ways with almost no interference (干预) from the other.

The differences are everywhere.__5__But different cultures make the world of 21st century more colorful.The cultural gap should not be the obstacle to the civilization of human being. It ought to be the

motivation of our going farther.

A．Let us work together to keep a variety of cultures. B．One important thing is to learn about other cultures.

C．And these two are well-known as the base of the European culture.

D．At the same time, some other differences add to the cultural differences.

E．This is because the culture systems are two separate systems on the whole.

F．They helped the two cultures develop for centuries and form their own styles.

G．They are obvious and affect people's ways of thinking and their views of the world.

篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了东西方文化的起源及差异。差异无处不在，但正是因为这些文化的不同才使得21世纪的世界更加丰富多彩。并且，文化差异不应该是人类文明发展的障碍。

1．E 空格前提到，东西方文化有很大不同。设空处应讲到引起文化差异的原因——由两个完全不同的体系造成的。设空处在段中起承上启下的作用。故E项符合语境。

2．F 本段介绍了东方文化主要起源于中国和印度。这两个国家分别在黄河流域和印度河流域形成了各自独特的文化。F项中的“They”指代前文中的the Yellow River和the Hindu River。故选F项。

3．C 根据常识可知，古希腊和古罗马文化是欧洲文明的起源。故选C项。

4．D 本段主要列举了东西方文化差异的其他方面，如语言文字、种族等。设空处起承上启下作用：既是对上文内容的补充，又是

本段的中心句，概括本段内容。故选D项。

5．G 设空处后面是由But引起的转折，因此设空处应该是表示让步或为下文作铺垫的内容。又根据后面提到的文化差异不应成为障碍可以推知，G项符合语境，表明无处不在的文化差异对人们造成的影响。G项句意：差异是显而易见的，文化差异会影响人们的思维方式和世界观。

Ⅲ.语法填空

Whenever Prince George steps out for an engagement, like on the royal tour of Canada, or poses for __1__ (office) photographs, he only ever wears shorts, __2__ has long confused royal watchers. According to William Hanson, __3__ expert in ceremony, there's a very good reason for this—and it has nothing to do __4__ fashion, but rather a royal tradition that __5__ (date) back to the sixteenth century. A newborn baby would __6__ (dress) in a gown for his first year or two.Then he was “breeched (穿裤礼)” and wore articles of clothing like shorts. The usual custom is that a boy graduates to trousers around eight years old.

With times __7__ (change), middle-class boys began to wear trousers but they are considered suburban (呆板的) by the upper. Hanson explains, “__8__ is a very English thing to dress a young boy in shorts.” The British upper class are always keen to hold on to the tradition, and this also __9__ (silent) marks them out from “the rest”. However, as for William and Kate, the __10__ (decide) to dress George in shorts is more likely down to the tradition than a class issue.

1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________ 5.________ 6.________ 9.________ 10.________

7.________

8.________

篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。George王子出访时总喜欢穿短裤，这其实与英国皇室传统有关。本文介绍了这一传统的渊源和人们

的评价。

1．official 考查词性转换。空处所填词修饰名词photographs，故用形容词形式。

2．which 考查定语从句的引导词。分析该句结构可知，设空处所填词引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面的整句话，且在从句中作主语，故用关系代词which引导。

3．an 考查冠词。此处泛指“一个专家”，expert的读音以元音音素开头，故用an。

4．with 考查固定搭配。have nothing to do with “和……无关”。 5．dates 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。that代指a royal tradition，在从句中作主语，故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式；该从句陈述的是一般事实，且date back to不用于被动语态，故谓语动词用一般现在时。故填dates。

6．be dressed 考查固定结构。be dressed in ...为固定结构，意为“穿着……(衣服)”。

7．changing 考查非谓语动词。此处为with的独立主格结构，times和动词change之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作宾语补足语。

8．It 考查代词。分析该句结构可知，空处所填词作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的动词不定式短语。

9．silently 考查词性转换。空处所填词修饰动词marks，故用副词形式。

10．decision 考查词性转换。根据定冠词the可知，空处所填词用名词形式。

Ⅳ.书面表达

在英语课堂上，你喜欢老师授课时只用英语，还是英语、汉语兼用？某英语杂志社就此话题邀请中学生发表意见。请你围绕这个话题，参考所给要点，选择一种授课形式，写一篇英语短文。

授课形式一：只用英语 优点：有助于提高听说能力 缺点：不易听懂等 结论：…… 授课形式二：英语、汉语兼用 优点：易于理解等 缺点：英语氛围不浓等 结论：…… 注意：词数100～120，短文开头已给出(不计入总词数)。 参考词汇：气氛atmosphere

I prefer my English classes to be taught in _____________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________

[标准范文]

I_prefer_my_English_classes_to_be_taught_in English only. As we all know, a good learning environment is vital if we want to study English well. Classes taught in English provide students with such an environment. When English is the only language used in the classroom, students will have more opportunities to practice listening and speaking. Therefore, they will be able to learn more quickly.

However, there are also some problems with this teaching method. As we haven't mastered enough English words,sometimes we may find it difficult to follow the teacher. Slow learners may even lose interest in English.

Practice makes perfect. To learn English well requires a lot of practice. Therefore, I like my English classes to be taught completely in English.