不定式的用法

不定式可以有自己的宾语或状语。带有宾语或状语的不定式叫不定式短语。 1．不定式在句子中的作用 1）作主语 例如：

To learn aa foreign language well is not easy. 学好一门外语不容易。

如果不定式（短语）过长，可用形式主语it，而将真正的主语不定式（短语）放在句末。 例如：

It is better to see once than to hear a hundred times. 百闻不如一见。 2）作宾语

They all wanted to see you yesterday. 他们昨天都要来看你。 3）作表语

To eat is to live，but to live is not to eat. 吃饭是为了活着，但活着不是为了吃饭。 4）作宾语补足语

He wants you to call him back at eleven. 他要你在十一点给他回电话。

I helped him (to) find his things.

我帮他找到他的东西。（help后跟不定式作宾补，可省略to，也可以保留to） 注意：

在某些复合宾语中，由于谓语动词的要求，我们往往先用it代表示定式，作为形式宾语，而把真实宾语——不定式放在句子的后面。这类动词还有make, think等。 例如： They found it important to get everything ready in time. 他们发现把一切事情及时准备好很重要。 5）作定语

作定语的不定式与经所修饰的名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。如果这个不定式是不及物动词，它后面就要有必要的介词。

Do you have anything more to say? 你还有什么话要说吗？ There is nothing to worry about. 没有什么值得发愁的。 6）作状语

The child is not old enough to go to school. 这个孩子还没到上学年龄。（结果状语） They ran over to welcome us.

他们跑过来欢迎我们。（目的状语）

To hear the news, she cried.

听到这个消息后，她哭起来了。（原因状语）

7）有些动词，如want, like, wish, hope, try, ask, start, learn, agree, teach, decide, understand等，后面可以

1

接连接代词或连接副词加不定式作宾语。 例如：

No one could tell me where to get the book. 没有人能告诉我哪里能找到这本书。 Show us what to do. 告诉我们应该做什么。

I don't know whether to answer his letter. 我不知道要不要给他回信。 3．不定式的时态和语态

不定式有一般式、完成式、进行式，主动式和被动式。见下表： 主动形式 一般式 完成式 进行式

1）不定式动作和谓语动作同时发生，这时不定式用进行式。 例如：

They are said to be building a house. 据说他们正在建房子。

2）不定式动作发生在谓语动作之前，这时不定式用完成式。 例如：

I am glad to have seen your mother. 见到你的母亲我很高兴。

3）不定式有主动式和被动式。不定式的被动式可以用来： a．作主语

It is happy for me to be asked to speak here. 被邀请在这里讲话我很高兴。 b．作宾语

She asked to be sent to work in the western part of the country. 她请求派她去西部地区工作。 c．作宾语补足语

He wanted the letter to be written at once. 他让马上把信写好。 d．作状语

She was too young to be given so much money. 她太小，不能把许多钱给她。 e．作定语

There are a lot of trees to be planted. 有很多树要种。

4．不定式的复合结构

不定式的复合结构由“for/of+名词（或代词宾格）+不定式”构成。其中名词（或代词宾格）表示不定式动作的执行者，是不定式的逻辑主语。

不定式的复合结构在句子中可以作用主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语。 例如：

to do to have done 被动形式 to be done to have been done to be doing 2

It's very kind of you to help us. 非常感谢你帮助我们。（主语） This is for you to decide. 这得由你来决定。（表语）

I think it necessary for us to study English hard. 我认为我们努力学英语是必要的。（宾语） There are a lot of difficulties for them to overcome. 有许多困难要他们克服。（定语） The text is too long for us to learn by heart. 课文太长，我们记不住。（状语）

1. The no. 12 bus __________ to the Town Hall and not to the station. A. has comeB. has been going C. goes D. is going 2. Don't use that pen. It __________ smoothly.

A. didn't writeB. don't write C. doesn't writeD. isn't write 3. If it __________, I won't go for a walk. A. rains B. will rain C. rained D. rain

4. The child is playing while his mother __________ dinner. A. cooked B. cooksC. was cookingD. is cooking 5. He __________ in a cotton factory these day.

A. is working B. worksC. will be working D. has been working 6. Don't turn off the light I __________a report now. A. have been reading B. read C. am reading D. have read 7. John __________ the first party in his life tomorrow night. A. is given B. is giving C. has given D. has been giving 8. My uncle __________ to see me. He'll be here soon. A. comes B. is coming C. had come D. came

9. At this moment I __________ we have a good chance of victory. A. feel B. am feeling C. feltD. am felt

10. My uncle never __________ a hat even in winter. A. is wearing B. are being worn C. wore D. wears

3

1、 keep +adj. 保持…状态

keep (sb.) doing sth. 继续做某事/使某人老是做某事 eg. Everyone should keep our classroom clean. It’s too late, but he still keeps working. 2、 I don’t think that 我认为…不 eg. I don’t think you are right.

3、 It’s said/ reported that… 据说/据报道

eg. It’s said that the population of the word would be 6 billion in 2050. 4、 neither…nor… 既不…也不(两者都不)

either…or…要么…要么/或者…或者/不是…就是 not only…but also… 不但…而且 以上三个词做主语时,要用就近原则

5、 curiosity n. 好奇心 curious adj. 好奇的 curiously adv. 好奇地

6、 weakness n.虚弱，衰弱，软弱；弱点，缺点 weak adj.虚弱的；(能力等)差的；微弱的 weaken v.(使)变弱，(使)减弱 7、 permit v. 允许

n.许可证，执照 permission n. 允许，许可，准许

8、 extreme adj.极度(端)的； n.极端，过分 extremely adv.极端地；非常地 9、 approximately adv. 近似地，几乎正确地 approximate adj.大概的vt.接近vi.(to) 近似 10、 inspirevt.鼓舞；激发；启示 inspiration n. 鼓舞；灵感 inspired adj.受灵感启示的inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的 11、 predict v. 预知, 预言, 预报 prediction n. 预言, 预报 predictive adj. 预言性的, 成为前兆的 12、 pronounce vt.发音；宣布 pronunciation n.发音 13、 ambition n.野心，雄心 ambitious adj.有雄心的，野心勃勃的 14、 development n.生长，发展；新情况 develop vt.发展；产生 vi.生长；发展 developed adj. 发达的developing adj. 发展的

1—5 CC A D A 6—10 C B B A D

4

5

15、

6