状语从句讲解和练习

状语从句讲解和练习

状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。通常由副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词和从句等担当。例如：

1. Naturally , our grandparents were pleased to get our phone call . (副词)

2. We worked hard from sunrise to sunset . (介词状短语)

3. To help my disabled aunt , I spend an hour working in her house every day . (不定式)

4. Seen from a distance , the farmhouse looked deserted . (过去分词)

5. I know how to light a camp fire because I had done it before .（原因状语从句）

状语的位置比较灵活，可以位于句首、句末或句中。enough用作状语修饰形容词和副词时必须后置。状语从句主要用来修饰主句或主句的谓语。一般可分为九大类，分别表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较和方式。尽管种类较多，但由于状语从句与汉语结构和用法相似，所以理解和掌握它并不难。状语从句的关键是要掌握引导不同状语从句的常用连接词和特殊的连接词即考点。现分别列举如下:

1．时间状语从句

常用引导词：when, as, while, as soon as, while, before, after, since , till, until

特殊引导词：the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day，the instant, immediately , directly, no sooner … than, hardly …when, scarcely … when

I didn’t realize how special my mother was until I became an adult.

While John was watching TV, his wife was cooking.

我一看到他时，我就知道没希望了。____ _______ I saw him, I knew there was no hope.

我刚到家天就开始下雨了。_____ ______ had I arrived home ________it began to rain.

每次我听你的建议，我总是陷入麻烦。_______ _____I listen to your advice, I get into trouble.

自从我来这儿起，他就住在这个城市。He ____ ______ in the city _______ I came here.

2．地点状语从句

常用引导词：where

特殊引导词：wherever, anywhere, everywhere

Where there is life, there is hope..____________________________________

The thread breaks where it is weakest.____________________________________

Generally, air will be heavily polluted where there are factories.__________________________________

无论你去那里，你都应该努力学习。_____________ _____ _____, you should work hard.

我住的地方树很多。______ _____ ______there are plenty of trees.

不管我在哪里我都会想到你。__________ _____ _______,I will be thinking of you.

3原因状语从句

常用引导词：because, since, as, since

特殊引导词：seeing that, now that, in that, considering that, given that, considering that,

My friends dislike me because I’m handsome and successful.________________________________

Now that everybody has come, let’s begin our conference.___________________________________

The higher income tax is harmful in that it may discourage people from trying to earn more.

___________________________________________________________________________________

Considering that he is no more than 12 years old, his height of 1.80 m is quite remarkable.

____________________________________________________________________________________

既然你要去，我也去。___________ you are going,I will go.

我不去是因为我怕。I didn't go __________ I was afraid.

天气那么糟，旅行推迟了。___________ the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey.

他今天缺席，因为他病了。He is absent today, ___________ he is ill.

4目的状语从句

常用引导词：so that, in order that,

特殊引导词：lest(以免), in case（以防，万一）, for fear that（恐怕），in the hope that, for the purpose that, The boss asked the secretary to hurry up with the letters so that he could sign them.

The teacher raised his voice on purpose that the students in the back could hear more clearly.

你必须大点声，别人就能听见了。You must speak louder ______________you ____ be heard by all.

他写下了这个名字以免以后忘记。He wrote the name down ______________ he should forget it.

最好多穿点衣服，以防天发冷。 Better take more clothes____________ the weather is cold.

5结果状语从句

常用引导词：so that , so… that, such … that,

特殊引导词：otherwise,or else,else.表示：“否则（会有什么后果）

他起得如此早以至于他赶上了早班车。He got up____ _______ _______he caught the first bus.

It’s such a good chance that we must not miss it.__________________________________________

Give me back the money, otherwise I’ll ring the police.______________________________________

这男孩年龄太小，不能上学。The boy is____ young _______ he can't go to school.

He is ______ ____ young boy _______ he can't go to school

他学习很努力，结果他成功了。 He studied hard _____ _______ he might succeed.

It was so fine weather that we all went to the park..(改错)

6．条件状语从句

常用引导词：if, unless = if not.,

特殊引导词：as/so long as（只要）, If only(只要), providing/provided that（假若）, suppose that, in case that, on condition that （在…条件下）

We’ll start our project if the president agrees.______________________________________________

You will certainly succeed so long as you keep on trying.____________________________________

Provided that there is no opposition, we shall hold the meeting here.

如果不太累，我们去散散步。Let's go out for a walk _______you are too tired.

如果他来的话，告诉我一生。____ _______ he comes, let me know.

只要你一个月后还我，我就把钱借给你。

I will lend you the money ____ ____________ ______ you pay it back in one month.

典型例题:You will be late ___ you leave immediately. A. unless B. until C. if D. or

7．让步状语从句

常用引导词：though, although, even if, even though

特 殊引导词： as(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装)，while ( 一般用在句首 )，no matter …， in spite of

the fact that, while, whatever = whatever, whoever = whoever, wherever = wherever, whenever= whenever, however =no matter how, whichever = whichever

注意：no matter 不能引导主语从句和宾语从句。

Much as I respect him, I can’t agree to his proposal. __________________________________________

The old man always enjoys swimming even though the weather is rough..

_____________________________________________________________________________________

无论他怎样努力，她都不能改变主意。

_____ _______ _________ ______he tried, she could not change her mind.

无论你说什么，他都不会听。He won’t listen ,________ _____ ______.

虽然在下雨，但他们仍在地里干活。_________it's raining, they are still working in the field.

虽然他很老了，但仍然努力地工作。He is very old, _______he still works very hard.

虽然是个小孩，该做什么不做什么，他全知道。

________ _______he was, he knew what was the right thing to do.

即使天气不好，我们也要去远足。We'll make a trip______ _______the weather is bad.

信不信由你，这确实是真的。________you believe it ____ ______, it is true.

8．比较状语从句

常用引导词：as(同级比较), than(不同程度的比较)

特殊引导词：the more … the more … ; just as …， so…; A is to B what /as C is to D; no … more than; not A so much as B

She is as bad-tempered as her mother.___________________________________________________

The house is three times as big as ours.__________________________________________________

Food is to men what oil is to machine. 食物之于人，犹如油之于机器。

As water is to fish, so air is to man. 我们离不开空气，犹如鱼儿离不开水。

你锻炼越多，你就会月健康。____ ______ you exercise, _____ __________ you will be.

我比他大两岁。I am 5 years older _______ he (is).

提醒：比较级前常可用下列表示程度的词修饰：much,still,far, a lot , a great deal, three times, a bit,

rather, quite.等。

It is even colder than yesterday ( it was).(今天比昨天还冷)

他工作不像她那么努力。She doesn’t work as hard as her( she does).

9．方式状语从句

常用引导词：as, as if, how

特殊引导词：the way

When in Rome, do ________the Roman do.(入乡随俗)

She behaved ____ ______ she were the boss.(她表现地好像她是老板)

10. 状语从句的简化

♠状语从句的省略

状语从句同时具备下列两个条件:①主句和从句的主语一致，或从句主语为it；②从句主要动词是be的某种形式。从句中的主语和be动词常可省略。例如：

When ( the museum is ) completed , the museum will be open to the public next year .

He’ll go to the seaside for his holiday if (it is ) possible.

另外，比较状语从句经常省略谓语部分。例如：I’m taller than he (is tall ).

The higher the temperature (is), the greater the pressure (is ).

就状语从句而言,有时为了使语言言简意赅,常常将状语从句进行\"简化\"。状语从句的\"简化\"现象在口语中较为普遍,而且在高考中的复现率也较高。因此,有必要对其进行全面、透彻的了解。

状 语从句的\"简化\"现象常存在于以下五种状语从句中:

①由if, unless等引导的条件状语从句;

②由although, though, even if / though等引导的让步状语从句;

③由when, while, as, before, after, until / till等引导的时间状语从句;

④由as, as if等引导的方式状语从句;⑤由as, than等引导的比较状语从句。

下面针对这五种情形作一归纳。

(1)当状语从句的主语是it,且谓语动词是be时,it和be要完全简化掉。例如:

.如果可能的话,他会帮你摆脱困境。If (____ _____) possible, he will help you out of the difficulty

.除非情况对你来说不方便,否则你必须出席这次会议。

You must attend the meeting unless _____ _____) inconvenient to you

(2)当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致时,从句可以将主语和be动词简化掉。常用于以下几种情形:

a.连词+形容词

他小时候就学会了骑自行车。As (_____ _____) young, he learned how to ride a bike.

.她有空就去逛商店。Whenever (______ _____) free, she often goes shopping

.少壮不努力,老大徒伤悲。Work hard when (______ _____) young, or you'll regret

b.连词+名词

他在孩提时代就乐于助人。While (_____ _____) a young boy, he was always ready to help others.尽管他曾是个农民,而现在是位著名的导演了。Although (___ ______) a farmer, now he is a famous director.

c.连词+现在分词

她沿着河堤边走边唱着流行歌曲。As (____ ___) walking along the river bank, she was singing a pop song.尽管近来他一直在学数学,但他仍然没有取得好成绩。

Although (_____ ___) doing his best in maths these days, he has still got no good marks.

d.连词+过去分词

除非受到邀请,否则他不会和我们一道去那里。He won't go there with us unless (____ __) invited.这场音乐会出乎意料地取得了巨大成功。The concert was a great success than (____ _____) expected.

e.连词+不定式

.当时他站起来好像要说什么。He stood up as if (____ _______) to say something

.即使他来负责,他也解决不了这个问题。He wouldn't solve the problem even if (___ _____) to take charge

f. 连词+介词短语

她看上去很焦急,好像遇到了麻烦。She looked anxious as though (____ _____) in trouble.

他到美国之前就懂英语了。He had mastered the English language before (____ ______) in the USA.

注意:当从句主语和主句主语不一致时,从句部分要么用完全形式,要么用主格结构来表达。例如:

When the meeting was over, all the people went out of the meeting-room.当会议结束时,人们都走出了会议室。(=The meeting over,)

状语从句专项练习

I .填入适当的引导词

1. I haven't heard from him _____ he went to America .

2.He won't be here _____ he is invited .

3. He will not go to the cinema _____ he is very busy .

4. We found the key _____ she lad left it .

5. We found the books two days ____ he had gone away .

6. We had no sooner got to the station _____ the train left .

7. He speaks English ______ he were an Englishman .

8.He is explaining clearly _______ they could understand .

9. Do not leave the room _____ you have finished the test .

10. She sang ______ she went along .

II.改错

1. The children were running on the playground as fast as they can .

2.Since her husband had died , so she had to support her family .

3.He won't go out until his mother will come .

4.He was very foolish that he didn't pass such an easy exam .

5.Tom had gone out as soon as his mother got home .

6.It was three months since he came to our school .

7.The playground of our school is larger than their school .

8.The streets in Nanjing are wider than Shanghai .

9.Whatever there is plenty of sun and rain , the fields are green .

10. She sings songs as if she is a bird .

III. 找出从句并指出是那类从句

1. It depends on whether we have enough time .

2.The question he asked was where the electrical equipment should be stored .

3. The mountain is no longer what it used to be .

4. The fact that she works hard is well known to us all .

5. He was not the man that he was before .

6. Now you was free , why not go swimming with us ?

7. Where there are schools and colleges , there are examinations .

8. Bad habits , once firmed , are difficult to give up .

9.She often wears the same kind of skirt as her twin sister does .

10 .The moment he opened the window , a bird flew in .

IV.填入适当的引导词完成句子

1.____ will do the experiment comes to the professor's office .

2. ___ will do the experiment hasn't been decided .

3. The teacher didn't leave ______ twelve o'clock .

4. ______ the day went on , the weather got worse .

5. _____ she is young , she knows quite a lot .

6. It worried her a bit ____ her hair was turning grey .

7. You will be late ____ you leave immediately.

8.Go and get your coat . It's ______ you left it .

9.______ is mentioned above , the number of the students in senior high schools is increasing .

10. ____ had I entered the room ____ the phone rang .

V. 改错

1.Is this the watch for which he is looking now ?

2. This is all which I can do for you .

3.Do you know the old man at the back of the room, whom has been chosen head of the factory .

4. I want to know the way which you learn new words .

5. Can you tell me that there's a bookstore near here ?

6. Our school quite different from that it was before .

7. If she likes the present is not clear to me .

8.For she is ill , she hasn't come to school .

9. It gave him so a big shock that his face turned pale .

10. He is cleverer than any boy in his class .

四．单选

1. John shut everybody out of the kitchen ______he could prepare his grand surprise for the party.

A. which B. when C. so that D. as if

2. I would appreciate it ________you call back this afternoon for the doctor’s appointment.

A. until B. if C. when D. that

3. As far as I am concerned，education is about learning and the more you learn，________.

A. the more for life are you equipped B. the more equipped for life you are

C. the more life you are equipped for D. you are equipped the more for life

4.After the war，a new school building was put up ________there had once been a theatre.

A. that B. where C. which D. when

5. —Is Mr. Smith in the office?

—Yes，________ he is in charge of the office，he must be there.

A. since B. however C. whether D. for

6. As your good friend, I will do ________help you.

A. that I can to B. what I can to C. all that I can D. what I can

7.John may phone tonight. I don’t want to go out ________he phones.

A. as long as B. in order to C. in case D. so that

8.Someone called me up in the middle of the night，but they hung up ________I could answer the phone.

A. as B. since C. until D. before

9. —Don’t look down upon Bob. He has his own advantages.

—Oh, yes. ________others are weak, he is strong.

A. If B. When C. Where D. Though

10.It is ten years ________he smoked.

A. that B. when C. since D. while

11.We must hurry up ________catch up with the last train.

A. that B. so that to C. in order that D. in order to

12.No matter ________hard it may be，I will carry it out.

A. what B. whatever C. how D. however

13.________ you may do，you must do it well.

A. Which B. Whenever C. Whatever D. When

14. —Are you thinking about going to New York for the holiday?

—No. But if I ________the time，I would definitely go.

A. have B. had C. have had D. would have

15.________ you are so weak，you’d better stay at home.

A. Since B. For C. Because D. Though

16.English and French are taught here. You can choose ________you like.

A. no matter which B. whichever C. which D. whatever

17.I saw Mr. Smith last Sunday. We had not seen each other ________I left London.

A. as B. before C. since D. till

18.I’ll be back before you ________.

A. will leave B. will have left C. leave D. would leave

19.The problem won’t be settled until we ________a chance to discuss it thoroughly.

A. have had B. will have C. will have had D. would have