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2012年12月大学英语四级考试真题第一套(答案详解)

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2012年12月大学英语四级考试真题第一套

Part I Writing 【标准版点评】

这次四级作文出了图表题,可能让大家有些意外,但是四六级考察图表作文已经并不是第一次,早在2002年的时候就已经出现过,是图表+提纲的形式,图表反应的是大学生使用计算机的情况。由于备考时大家只是关注近几年的题型,可能没有关注到以往考察过图表作文。 我们在备考作文的时候,一般会从以下几个方面着手准备,如何描述现象、如何分析原因、如何分析影响、如何给出解决措施、如何进行观点论战等。其实,图表作文也是从这几个方面展开,只是将第一段的描述现象改为描述图表即可。可见,无论是考察哪种作文题,我们都可以将它转化为我们熟悉的提纲式。

这次作文题目有两个版本。题目都是Educational Pays(教育回报),一个版本的图表显示的是教育水平越高,收入越高,另一个版本的图表显示的是教育水平越高,失业率越低。 虽然图表描述的具体内容不同,但主题是一致的:教育是值得投资的。写作思路也是一致的。 两篇范文都是采取三段式的描述方法。

第一段:描述图表。先一句话引出图表总体内容The above bar chart clearly shows us … 然后具体描述现象We see that…。最后用for instance引出一些具体数据来例证现象。

第二段:分析原因。先写一个引出原因的句子,然后具体列举一到两个原因即可。由于字数,原因不必列太多。

第三段:给出建议。先是总结这个现象This phenomenon tells us that education is a worthy investment.(教育值得投资)。然后是建议国家增大教育投资,以及个人要努力学习。 这种三段式的写作模式容易掌握,在考场中比较实用,建议大家仿写。 【高分版点评】

本次四级作文围绕着同一个话题,education pay(教育回报),出现了两个版本,一个是教育和失业率的关系,另一个是教育和收入的关系。就话题而言,命题难度并不高,选用的是贴近考生实际生活的熟悉话题。形式上则采取图表作文的形式,图表作文在四级考试中较少出现,很多考生可能刚拿到题目会束手无策,但是只要考生仔细阅读题目,就不难发现,除了需要简单描述图表之外,其写作思路和话题作文非常类似。 写好这篇作文,主要抓住三点:

首先,描述图表内容。对于柱状图,抓住横抽和纵轴之间的关系,对数字的变化趋势进行总体描述即可。用词不宜超过总字数的1/3。

其次,要一句话揭示图表背后的隐含意思,引入文章的立意。

最后,文章的立意可以采取两种思路,保守的写法是直接阐释产生现象的原因,如写失业率那篇范文;另一个则是,根据图表上的结果,借题发挥,发表自己的观点,如写收入的那篇范文。

Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)

1. B. showmanship

细节题。这道题的答案对应原文第一句话,从putting on a show 可以推出showmanship。 when it came to putting on a show, nobody else in the computer industry, or any other industry for that matter, could match Steve Jobs.题干与原文的匹配度比较高,仔细阅读不难得出选择是B

2. A .He invented lots of functional gadgets.

细节题。原文第2段第2句话提到了乔布斯突出的三个方面,第三句话明确指出最后一个方面,也就是他在functional gadgets 上的贡献对人们的生活影响最大,对比第二题的选项,

应选A

He stood out in three ways—as a technologist, as a corporate leader and as somebody who was able to make people love what had previously been impersonal, functional gadgets. Strangely, it is this last quality that may have the deepest effect on the way people live.

3. B. His keen interest in designing elegant and user-friendly gadgets.

细节题。答案在第三段第二句,“obsessed with product design and aesthetics, and with making advanced technology simple to use”。讲到乔布斯痴迷于产品的设计和美学上,以及使高科技简单易用。所以选B

As a technologist, Mr Jobs was different because he was not an engineer—and that was his great strength. Instead he was obsessed with product design and aesthetics, and with making advanced technology simple to use.

4. A .One of the greatest chief executives of his time.

细节题。答案在第4段第一句话的后半句“many of those corporate giants as one of the greatest chief executives of his time.”所以选A,其他的选项均不正确。

Within the wider business world, a man who liked to see himself as a hippy, permanently in revolt against big companies, ended up being hailed by many of those corporate giants as one of the greatest chief executives of his time.

5. D. an inspiration

细节题。答案在第四段第三句话。“is an inspiration to any businessperson”。所以选D

His fall from grace in the 1980s, followed by his return to Apple in 1996 after a period in the wilderness, is an inspiration to any businessperson whose career has taken a turn for the worse.‘

6. C. He commanded absolute loyalty from Apple users.

细节题。由关键词fanatical loyalty 定位到低段第一句话。所以乔布斯成功最令人震惊的地方在于它获得了苹果用户的绝对忠诚。选C

But what was perhaps most astonishing about Mr Jobs was the fanatical loyalty he managed to inspire in customers.

7. D. It originates in the consumer market.

细节题。由关键词special report定位到第6段第一句,

As our special report in this week's issue (printed before Mr Jobs's death) explains, innovation used to spill over from military and corporate laboratories to the consumer market, but lately this process has gone into reverse. Many people's homes now have more powerful, and more flexible, devices than their offices do; consumer gizmos and online services are smarter and easier to use than most companies' systems.过去创新是从和公司实验室再拓展到消费者市场,现在的情况是反过来。所以选D

8. closed and inflexible

细节题。由关键词 “critics complained”定位到第七段第一句,可知空格处应填写“closed and inflexible”。

Mr Jobs had a reputation as a control freak, and his critics complained that the products and

systems he designed were closed and inflexible, in the name of greater ease of use.

9. combined

细节题,由关键词“Amazon”定位到原文第8段 ,所以空格处填combined。

At the recent unveiling of a tablet computer by Jeff Bezos of Amazon, whose company is doing the best job of following Apple's lead in combining hardware, software, content and services in an easy-to-use bundle,

10. reshaping entire industries

细节题,由关键词the magic of computing定位到原文最后一段, 空格处填reshaping entire industries.

But in the end he conjured up a reality of his own, channelling the magic of computing into products that reshaped entire industries. Part III Listening Comprehension

11-18:BADAADBB. 19-21:CAD. 21-25:CDCA. 26-29:BCDA. 30-32: CDD. 33-35: BCB.

36. selection 37. knowledge 38. vegetables 39. purchase 40. determines 41. single 42. responsible 43. rush

44. Partly as a consequence of this limited time, over half of all American homes now have microwave ovens.

45. The United States Department of Agriculture and the food industry collect sales statistics and keep accurate records.

46. Red meat, which used to be the most popular choice for dinner, is no longer an American favorite.

Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) Section A

47. N taking 48. D concern 49. M stop 50. B available 51. I prefer 52. L specify 53. O variety . G nationwide 55. F items 56. E criteria

这是一篇新闻报道类的文章,关于美国一些著名餐公司开始意识到快餐对对其青少年健康的不良影响,并开始采取相应措施改变这一现状。这是美国最近的热门话题, 沪江经济学人

新闻听写12月16日的的听写内容关于麦当劳的一篇文章与之就是类似的主题。 对于考生来说这一话题也并不陌生,从内容上来还是比较容易理解的。 47.N take a cue from 固定搭配,表示按…的指点行事。

48.D 在快餐在儿童中引起肥胖症的现象受到越来越多关注的背景之下,19家公司宣誓将为儿童提供更多健康的菜单选择,结合上下文可知空格处应填concern

49.M 因为上一段刚刚提到快餐引起儿童肥胖的问题获得了越来越多的重视,第2段顺承上面的内容,讲到汉堡王采取的相应措施:将从本月起停止提供儿童快餐里的炸薯条和苏打汽水.所以填stop 。

50前面说了将停止提供儿童快餐里的炸薯条和苏打汽水,根据although知道内容上应该是一个转折,所以后面应该是still available,仍然可以买得到。

51. 这句话涉及到一个比较,whether...or, 选项中只有prefer一个可用于比较,所以空格处填prefer.

52. 这是紧接着上一句的, 上面刚刚讲到问顾客是选择套餐时是更喜欢选牛奶还是苹果片,这是一种将顾客的需求具体化,所以填specify。

53. a variety of 固定搭配,各种各样的。 在这句话中是指其他参与将为美国儿童提供更健康的事物的快餐店,也提供各种各样的菜单选择。 . 结合上下文可知,(Kid Live Well)“让孩子们生活的更好”运动应该是全国范围内展开的一场大型运动,所以填nationwide。

55 通过第三段第一句话的后半句可以看出, 儿童的每顿饭中要包含冒号之后部分的食物中的至少两项,所以55空填item ,指的是后面的选项。

56. 前面提到的食物都是低脂、第卡路里的健康食物,最后一句中提到在其他的要求中,餐馆提供的附加菜必须满足同样的要求, 所以填criteria 点评:本篇文章选自TIME周刊的财经板块,原文标题为“Why Job Hunters Shouldn’t Worry So Much About Paltry Job Growth”,文章主要表达了这样一种观点,即找工作的人不必太在意官方提供的高失业率,就业增长等数据,原因在于这些并不等说明现实情况,比如:人员更替带来了更多的职位空缺,因此,即便是经济增速缓慢,就业增长为零,依然还是有很多的职位空缺存在。所以,如作者最后点睛所言,So don’t let the headlines fool you into giving up. 不灰心不放弃。

从整体语言难度来说,文章难度不是很大,财经相关的一些词汇基本都是大家比较熟悉的。并没有出现过高难度的长难句以及词汇,整体理解起来也相对容易。

今后大家还应当继续注重一些商务词汇的表达,如job turnover(人员更替),termination解雇,land jobs找工作,等等。

57. The author tends to believe that high unemployment rate ______? 答案:C. should not stop people from looking for a job.

解析:本题重点考察作者观点。题干问在作者看来,高失业率怎么样?锁定原文第一段,虽然第一段中的bad for the economy,discouraging,change careers等字眼跟选项ABD当中的词汇很类似,但是要注意的是,真正表达作者观点的是第一段最后一句But it actually shouldn’t matter to you nearly as much as you think。其实高失业率跟你没太大关系。包括原文最后一段第一句“So don’t let the headlines fool you into giving up.”所以,综上所述,它不该给你找工作带来阻碍,引申意思就是该怎么办就怎么办,不要在意官方统计的高失业率。

58. Where do most job openings come from?

答案:B. Job turnover

解析:本题属于细节考查题。题干问大部分的职位空缺来自于哪里?根据四个选项,可以用排除法将business expansion排除,因为原文并未提及。再剩下的三个选项中,根据原文第二段的第一句job growth numbers don’t matter to job hunters as much as job turnover data以及turnovercreates more openings than economic growth does.可以确定人员更替(turnover)提供了更多的职位空缺,因此答案为Job turnover。

59. What does the author say about overall job growth? 答案:A. It doesn’t have much effect on individual job seekers.

解析:本题继续考察作者观点。题干问作者对于整体就业增长(overall job growth)的态度是怎样的,可以定位到原文倒数第三段,关键是第一句:I don’t mean to imply that overall job growth doesn’t have an impact on one’s ability to land a job. 此处用到双重否定,“我并不是说整体就业增长对一个人找工作没有丝毫影响”,也就是说“有一定影响,但是没有那么大”所以答案是A,而BCD选项的confidence,hope,job security原文并未提及。

60. What is the key to landing a job according to the author? 答案:C. Persistence

解析:本题属于细节考查题。定位原文倒数第二段第一句But what often distinguishes those who land jobs from those who don’t is their ability to stay motivated. 关键词是stay motivated

61. What do we learn from the passage about the unemployment figures in the US? 答案:D. They exclude those who have stopped looking for a job.

解析:本题属于细节考查题。根据倒数第二段的最后一句The Bureau of Labor Statistics data shows that 2.7 million people who wanted and were available for work hadn’t looked within the last four weeks and were no longer even classified as unemployed.可知答案选D,那一部分人已经被排除掉了,所以失业率这个数据是有水分的。

62. D. The elderly are in greater danger of tumor growth. 63. C. They are doubtful about its necessity. . B. It is a must for adult women.

65. A. They want to protect themselves against medical disputes. 66. A. The more, the better.

【点评】

这是一篇有关癌症筛查的文章。长期以来,人们认为对于老年人来说,随着年龄的增长,肿瘤生长造成的威胁就越大,所以医生建议他们进行各类常规的癌症筛查。但是近来,研究者开始怀疑它的必要性。当他们开始叫停50岁以下和74岁以上的妇女的乳腺癌筛查时,受惯例根深蒂固影响的人们掀起了轩然大波。不过,对于老年人来话说,癌症的风险还要和预期寿命进行权衡。近期的调查还显示很多医生让病人进行癌症筛查纯粹是为了在医疗事故中保护自己,所以这篇反对了人们长期以来的对健康检查的误解,即健康检查并非多多益善。 Part V Cloze

67. D. across 68. C. attachment 69. C. mere 70. A. enough 71. C. affecting

72. B. published 73. A. return 74. D. lightly 75. C. while 76. B. far 77. A. than 78. C. inspiring 79. A. supportive 80. D. confirm 81. B. with 82. C. different 83. B. other 84. D. sense 85. A. especially 86. D. from

【总评】完形填空原文源自美国科普杂志《科学美国人》(Scientific American)。原文标题为 All about My Mother: How Touch Helps Us Take Risks,作者Ferris Jabr。原文共五段,495字,题目选取了原文前三段并做了细微修改,共345字。主要讲述的是母亲与婴儿间形成的情感纽带会影响孩子探索世界。 PartVI Translation

87. had I felt so excited

【解析】本题考查过去完成时及倒装句。第一句话是过去时,第二句话可知其行为发生在过去之前,由此得出第二句话为过去完成时态,其结构为“had done”;第二句第一个词为“Never”否定词,因此句子主谓要倒装。

88.could have said something that she might regret later

【解析】本题考查过去时态的虚拟语气。第二句是对过去行为一种推测,而事实上行为并未发生,因第一句话的时态是过去时,可判断此句是对过去的虚拟,其主句的构成为“主语+could+have +过去分词”。另外注意本句“后来会懊悔的”这个修饰语,通常翻译成一个简短的定语从句来修饰中心词。

.in focusing on reviewing the lessons

【解析】本题考查短语固定搭配。”has / have difficult in doing something”,表示做什么有困难。本题表示无法集中注意力复习功课。“复习功课”通常的表达有 “review the lessons”, “go over the lessons”。

90.have heard them communicating with each other in French.

【解析】本题考查使役动词的用法以及现在完成时。表示第几次做某事 ,本句谓语是“is”一般现在时,那么主句用现在完成时”have done”;“听到某人做某事”的固定表达为”hear sb. doing sth.”

91. available for free

【解析】本题固定表达。”be available “,意思为“可得到的,可获得的”;“免费”用介词结构”for free”。

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