专项复习.

一 名词：表示人和事物的名称

Ⅰ可数名词有复数形式。 如：a ship--two ships, an apple -- three apples

规则变化的名词：1 一般情况下，在词尾加s. book—books, key—keys, boy—boys 2 以o结尾的，加s / es. photo—photos, radio—radios, piano—pianos, zoo—zoos, tomato—tomatoes, potato—potatoes,hero--heroes

3 以 s, sh, ch, x等结尾的词，加es. bus—buses, watch—watches,

box—boxes.

4 以辅音加y结尾的词，变y为i再加es. comedy—comedies,

family—families, strawberry—strawberries, library—libraries

5 以f或fe结尾的词，变f或fe为v，再加es. knife—knives, life—lives,

leaf—leave, wife—wives

不规则变化的名词: man—men, woman—women, tooth—teeth, foot—feet,child--children,

mouse—mice, goose--geese

单复数同形的名词：sheep, fish, deer, Chinese, Japanese

Ⅱ 不可数名词：物质名词和抽象名词 如：oil, water, ink, porridge, juice, physics, music,

medicine, news, work, weather, fruit, furniture, broccoli, meat, pork, botton, cotton, tea Ⅲ 集体名词：people, group, class, family, population Ⅳ 名词的所有格

1 在单数名词的末尾加’s. 如：Mike’s father, my mother’s car, Lucy and Lily’s room,

today’s homework, yesterday’s movie, tomorrow’s soccer match

2 以 s 结尾的复数名词，加’. 如：the teachers’ room, the workers’ palance 二 冠词 a (an), the

Ⅰ不定冠词 a(an) 的用法

1 指人和事物的某一种类。 China is a very great country. It’s an action movie.

2 指某人和某物，但不具体说明。Is there a bank near here? I found a small boy crying in

the corner. We work five days a week.

3 表示一的数量，但没有强烈。My mother is a teacher. I have a mouth, a nose and two

ears.

4 用于一些固定词组中。a few, a little, a bit, a lot of, a moment ago, a cup of, a pair of Ⅱ 定冠词的用法

1 特指某人或某物。Show me the photo of your family. The book on the desk is mine. 2 指双方都知道的人或物。How much are the red socks? They are eight dollars. 3 指上文提过的人或事物。Cut up a tomato, put the tomato on the plate. 4 用于世界上独一无二的事物前。The sun is bigger than the earth. The moon goes around

the earth.

5 用于序数词和形容词最高级前。In the first class I had chemistry. What’s the best radio

station?

6 用于普通名词构成的专有名词前。the Great Wall, the Children’s Palace, the Yellow

River

7 用在姓氏的复数形式前。the Taylors, the Kings

8 用在演奏乐器名称前. Can you play the guitar? He can’t play the piano. 9 用在一些习惯用语中。in the morning/ afternoon/ evening, on the left/ right, all the same,

by the way, in the day,

Ⅲ 不用冠词的情况

1 在专有名词和不可数名词前。China, JackieChan, broccoli, milk, Class 9, Huaxing Store 2 名词前有修饰语的（this,that, my, your, some,any, each,every）。It’s her ruler. How much

are these pants? This video is boring. I showed each student six things.

3 复数名词表示一类人或事物。She thinks thrillers are scary. I like elephants. They are

cute.

4 在星期、月份、季节或节日前. On Sunday, we had nothing to do. It’s cold in winter. They

will have a examine in June. She is panning a party on Children’s Day.

5 在称呼语、头衔和职务等名称前. I like my math teach, Mr Cooper. 6 在一日三餐前。He likes bead and milk for breakfast.

7 在球类运动的名称前。Can you play chess? He used to play soccer.

8 某些固定词组中。at home/ school / work, by train, go to school / bed, on time, at night /

noon, after class / school, be late for school,