四级备考 单项训练

四级备考 单项训练

2015.5.15 集训

Section A---(1)

The festive break is fast becoming a distant memory and for many, New Year fitness regimes are too. Despite2.6m people starting diets on New Year's Day, research suggests that by the end of the week 92 percent of dieters gave up, (36) exercise and gorging on comfort food.

Findings(37) by weightloss firm XLS-Medical, suggest that the (38) majority are unsuccessful at sticking to their diets for more than five days a week. Two out of l0 dieters (39) they have their first diet relapse (退步) just four to five days in, with hunger cited as the main cause. Boredom and alcohol were (40) blamed for people failing to keep their health kick on track.

Dr. Matt Capehorn, Clinical Director of the National Obesity Forum, (41) that just one day off from dieting can undo a week's worth of hard work. He told Female First: \"A healthy diet, aimed at losing llb per week, relies on saving 3500 calories a week by having 500 calories less each day.\" \"A day off the diet should mean that you eat the correct amount, but many dieters see it as an excuse to binge (大吃大喝 ) and have thousands of calories more than they need. \"

The results suggest that a (42) 590,000 could already have (43) to stick to New

Year diet resolutions.

And a vast majority are unaware of the negative impact a single day off can have on their weight loss efforts.

Yet (44) it was found only 5 percent of women stick to their diets until they've (45) their target weight.

A.massive B.reached C.highlighted

D.blamed E.shunning F.still

G.released H.lost I.also

J.admitted K.treated L.dieted

M.overall

N .vast

O.failed

【参考译文】

新年假期会很快成为遥远的回忆，而对很多人来说，新年的减肥计划也会很快被抛之脑后。调查显示，尽管有260万人在新年第一天开始节食，但在该星期结束时，已有92%

的节食减肥者放弃，[36]不再运动。而且开始大吃大喝。

减重中心XLS医院[37]发布的这项调查结果表明，[38]大多数人都无法在制定节食减肥计划的一周内坚持五天以上。五分之一的节食减肥者[39]承认自己在第四五天的时候就坚持不住了，他们提到的主要原因是饥饿。单调乏味和酒精的刺激[40]也让他们无法坚持瘦身计划。

国家肥胖论坛医疗主任马特·凯普霍恩博士[4l]强调说，仅仅一天不坚持节食就会毁掉一周的努力。他告诉《女士优先》杂志说：“健康的节食是一星期减去1磅，这需要一周内减少3500卡路里的摄取，而一天减少500卡路里的摄取即可。”“一天不节食应该意味着你摄入正确的食量，而很多节食者却把它当做大吃大喝的理由，摄取的卡路里数量比需要的多出好几千。”

调查结果显示，有[42]多达59万人可能已经[43]放弃了新年减肥计划。而且还有很多人不清楚一天不坚持节食对其减肥计划有何负面影响。然而[44]总的来说，仅有5%的女性能坚持到最后，直到[45]达到目标体重。

【答案解析】

36.E

语法判断：exercise后是and，而and前后应为并列结构(又称平行结构)，因为and

后为gorging on comfortfood，所以前面也应当是现在分词短语，因此应填入现在分词。备选项中只有shunning是现在分词，因此答案很明确。

语义判断：shun：(故意或习惯地)避免;回避，躲开。从语义上判断也是正确的。

37.G

语法判断：此处应为定语来修饰fmdings，后为by，而过去分词既表示被动又可用作后置宾语，所以此处应填入过去分词。

语义判断：备选的过去分词或过去式有reached、highlighted、blamed、released、lost、admitted、treated、dieted、failed，但从上下文语义判断，意思应为：由减重中心XLS医院发布的调查或研究结果，所以应选择released。

38.N

语法判断：空格前的the是冠词，空格后的majority是名词，因此应当填入定语。

语义判断：符合语法条件的词有很多：massive、reached、highlighted、blamed、lost、admitted、treated、dieted、overall、vast、failed，而avastmajority是个近乎固定的搭配，意为“大多数”，故本题选N。

39.J

语法判断：此句缺谓语，后接一个省略了that的宾语从句。可作谓语的选项有reached、highlighted、blamed、lost、admitted、treated、dieted、failed，根据文章，可知只

有admitted符合。

语义判断：该句意为：五分之一的节食减肥者承认自己在第四五天的时候就坚持不住了。

40.I

语法判断：此句主、谓、宾都不缺，而空格出现在were和blamed之间，所以应为状语，因而应填入副词。

语义判断：备选的副词有still、also和overall，上文提到了饥饿是人们放弃减肥的原因之一，而此处提到单调乏味和酒精的刺激也是让人们放弃减肥的原因，因而从语义上判断，只有also符合上下文意。

41.C

语法判断：此句缺谓语，应填入动词，其后接宾语从句。

语义判断：备选的动词有reached、highlighted、blamed、lost、treated、dieted、failed，但从上下文语义判断，此处意思应为：国家肥胖论坛医疗主任马特·凯普霍恩博士强调说，仅仅一天不坚持节食就会毁掉一周的努力。highlighted符合此处语法和语义的要求。

42.A

语法判断：a和590，000之间应该是形容词。

语义判断：备选的形容词还有massive和overall，从上下文语义判断massive应为正确选择。 43.O

语法判断：could already have后应为过去分词。

语义判断：备选的过去分词有reached、blamed、lost、treated、dieted、failed。从上下文语义判断，此处的意思应为：调查结果显示，有多达59万人可能已经放弃了新年减肥计划。因而failed是语法判断和语义判断后的最佳选择。44.M

语法判断：此句主、谓、宾完整，应填入副词。

语义判断：备选的副词还有still和overall。overall意为“总体上，总的来说”，符合此处的语法和语义要求。45.B 语法判断：空格前面是they’ve，故后面应接过去分词 语义判断：空格后为targetweight(目标体重)，故按照语义和固定的搭配来进行判断，应为reached，即“达到目标体重”。

Section A---（2）

Climate change has claimed its latest victim：Limacina helicina，a planktonic，predatory(捕食的)sea snail that’s a member of the taxonomic group more(36)__________ known as sea butterflies.(The name is(37)__________ from the wing-like lobes(叶瓣)the tiny creatures use to get around.)In a study(38)__________ published in joumal Proceedings of the Royal Society B，a group of scientists from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)and Oregon State University have fQund that the Pacific Ocean’s decreasing pH—its acidifying(酸化)，

in other words-is dissolving L.helicina’s thin shells.

The researchers collected sea butterfly(39)__________ from 13 sites along the Pacific coast(between Washington and southern CaliforniA.，going over each with a scanning electron microscope.More than half of the shells(53%)from onshore individuals(40)__________ signs of“severe dissolution damage，”while 24%of(41)

__________ individuals suffered dissolution damage.The study’s(42)__________ investigator,Dr.NinaBednarsek of NOAA，described the affected L.helicina shells as having a texture not unlike“cauliflower”or“sandpaper.”

According to the paper，there was a“strong positive(43)__________ ”between the proportion of sea butterflies with severe shell dissolution damage and“the percentage of undersaturated(未达到饱和的)water”near the ocean’s surface.The researchers

conclude

“

shell

dissolution

owing

to(human.caused

ocean(44)_________has doubled in near shore habitats since pre.industrial conditions across this region and is on track to triple by 2050，”a truly(45)__________ prediction.Moreover,the broader implications for ecosystem are unclear,as damaged shells make it harder for L.helicina to fight infections，stay buoyant，and protect themselves from predators.

A.showed B.recently C.protected

D.commonly E.derived F.samples

G.offshore H.principal I.noticed

J.correlation K.encouraging L.seaward

M.acidification

N.grim

O.pollution

气候变化已公布了其最新的受害者：鯱螺(学名Limacina helicina)，一种捕食性浮游海螺，被(36)普遍称为海蝴蝶分类组中的一员(“海蝴蝶”之名(37)来源于微小生物用来游走的翼状叶瓣)。在(38)最近《皇家学会学报B》刊载的一项研究报告中，来自美国国家海洋和大气管理局(NOAA)及俄勒冈州立大学的科学家们指出：太平洋的PH正在不断下降一换句话说，海水的酸化正在溶解鯱螺的薄壳。

研究人员收集了太平洋沿岸(从华盛顿到南加州之间)13个地点的海蝴蝶(39)样本，并用扫描电子显微镜对其一一进行深入检查。来自海岸的个体样本中有一半以上(53%)的贝壳都(40)呈现出“严重溶解”的迹象，而在来自(41)海面上的个体样本中仅有24%的贝壳受到溶解破坏。该研究的(42)首席研究员，来自NOAA的Nina Bednarsek指出那些受到影响的鯱螺的贝壳都拥有“菜花”状或者“砂纸”状的纹理。

据该研究报道，严重损伤的贝壳数量与海洋表面附近“欠饱合海水”百分率之间呈现出“强烈的正(43)相关”。研究人员推断出，“自该区域工业化时代以前的海洋条件算起，近海栖息地(由于人为导致的海洋(44)酸化)引起的贝壳溶解已经翻了一倍，到2050年可能

会增至三倍，这真是个(45)糟糕的预言。此外，这对生态系统的更广泛影响并不明确，因为受伤的外壳会让鯱螺更难以抵御感染、保持浮力及逃脱捕食者的猎杀。

答案解析

36、N E B F A G H J M N

The social network will let users“mute”messages from other users on their timelines without the muted person’s knowledge，thereby avoiding the(36)__________

process of having to unfollow(取消关注)，or put up with，your(37)__________talkative IRL friends.Twitter rolled out new(38)__________to let users better manage the deluge(泛滥)of tweets they receive.

Users can now“mute”people they follow,removing those people’s tweets and retweets from their own timelines.The muted person won’t know that he or she has been(39)__________.It’s a stealthy way to read less content from certain users without having to unfollow them.A person can easily be muted or(40)__________at

any time，Twitter said in a blog post.

“Mute gives you even more(41)__________over the content you see on Twitter by letting you remove a user’s content from key parts of your Twitter experience，”the company said.

Though Twitter had been experimenting with the feature in recent weeks，it announced that muting will be(42)__________to all users of the company’s iOS and Android apps，as well as the Twitter.com website.Some other Twitter applications，like TweetDeck，already allowed muting.

The feature is part of Twitter’s(43)__________strategy to make its service more accessible to a wider range of people.Following a successful initial public offerin9，Twitter’s stock has tumbled in recent months as investors worry about the social network’s(44)__________to attract new users.CEO Dick Costolo(45)__________that Twitter would make changes to its interface this year to make it easier to understand and manage.The company overhauled(彻底检修)user profile pages in April as part of this effort.

A.silenced B.awkward C.unmvted

D.feature E.embarrassment F.unfollowed

G.control H.extremely I.overall

J.vowed K.generally L.ability

M.accepted

N.available

O.characters

社交网站能让用户在他们的窗口中“静音(屏弊)”来自其他用户的消息，而不让他们知道，从而避免取消关注的(36)尴尬，或者是容忍你在现实生活中(37)极爱说话的朋友。

推特推出了新的(38)功能，以让用户能更好地处理他们收到的洪水般泛滥的信息。

用户现在可以使那些他们关注的人“静音”，从他们自己的窗口上删除这些人的微博及转发。那些被禁言的人们不会知道他(她)已(39)被静音。这是一种隐秘的方法，可以在不让某些用户知道的情况下少看一些来自他们的内容。推特在一篇博客文章中说道，一个人可以很轻易地随时被静音或者是(40)被取消静音。

该公司指出：“静音让你能够将某个用户的内容从你推特体验的关键部分删掉，从而使你可以更好地(41)掌控你在推特上看到的内容。”

虽然推特在最近几个星期里一直在对这项功能进行试验，该公司宣布静音这项功能将会(42)适用于该公司iOS系统和安卓系统的所有用户，以及Twitter.Com网站。像TweetDeck这样的其他一些推特应用程序已经拥有了静音这项功能。

这项功能是推特公司为了使它的服务可以适用于更广大的人群推出的(43)总战略中的一部分。在首次公开发行成功之后，在最近几个月里推特公司股票大跌，原因是投资商对该社交网络吸纳新用户的(44)能力产生了怀疑。公司的CE0迪克•科斯特罗(45)郑重宣布，今年推特会针对其界面作出变动，以使其更易理解和操作。作为该努力中的一部分，公司在四月份对用户信息页面进行了彻底的改动。

答案解析 BHDCGNILJ

训练1

Animals on the Move

A) It looked like a scene from “Jaws” but without the dramatic music. A huge shark was slowly swimming through the water, its tail swinging back and forth like the pendulum of a clock. Suddenly sensitive nerve ending in the shark’s skin picked up vibrations of a struggling fish. The shark was immediately transformed into a deadly, efficient machine of death. With muscles taut, the shark knifed through the water at a rapid speed. In a flash the shark caught its victim, a large fish, in its powerful jaws. Then, jerking its head back and forth, the shark tore huge chunks of flesh from its victim and swallowed them. Soon the action was over.

Moving to Survive

B) In pursuing its prey, the shark demonstrated in a dramatic way the important role of movement, or locomotion, in animals.Like the shark, most animals use movement to find food.They also use locomotion to escape enemies, find a mate, and explore new territories. The methods of locomotion include crawling, hopping, slithering, flying, swimming, or walking.Humans have the added advantage of using their various inventions to move about in just about any kind of environment. Automobiles, rockets, and submarines transport humans from deep oceans to as far away as the moon.However, for other animals movement came about naturally through millions of years of evolution. One of the most successful examples of animal locomotion is that of the shark. Its ability to

quickly zero in on its prey has always impressed scientists. But it took a detailed study by Duke University marine biologists S. A. Wainwright, F. Vosburgh, and J. H. Hebrank to find out how the sharks did it. In their study the scientists observed sharks swimming in a tank at Marine land in Saint Augustine, Fla. Movies were taken of the sharks’ movements and analyzed. Studies were also made of shark skin and muscle.

Skin Is the Key

C) The biologists discovered that the skin of the shark is the key to the animal’s high efficiency in swimming through the water. The skin contains many fibers that crisscross like the inside of a belted radial tire. The fibers are called collagen fibers. These fibers can either store or release large amounts of energy depending on whether the fibers are relaxed or taut. When the fibers are stretched, energy is stored in them the way energy is stored in the string of a bow when pulled tight. When the energy is released, the fibers become relaxed.

D) The Duke University biologists have found that the greatest stretching occurs where the shark bends its body while swimming. During the body’s back and forth motion, fibers along the outside part of the bending body stretch greatly. Much potential energy is stored in the fibers. This energy is released when the shark’s body snaps back the other way.

As energy is alternately stored and released on both sides of the animal’s body, the tail whips strongly back and forth. This whip-like action propels the

animal through the water like a living bullet.

Source of Energy

E) What causes the fibers to store so much energy? In finding the answer the Duke University scientists learned that the shark’s similarity to a belted radial tire doesn’t stop with the skin. Just as a radial tire is inflated by pressure, so, too, is the area just under the shark’s collagen “radials”. Instead of air pressure, however, the pressure in the shark may be due to the force of the blood pressing on the collagen fibers.

F) When the shark swims slowly, the pressure on the fibers is relatively low. The fibers are more relaxed, and the shark is able to bend its body at sharp angles. The animal swims this way when looking around for food or just swimming. However, when the shark detects an important food source, some fantastic involuntary changes take place. The pressure inside the animal may increase by 10 times. This pressure change greatly stretches the fibers, enabling much energy to be stored. This energy is then transferred to the tail, and the shark is off. The rest of the story is predictable.

Dolphin Has Speed Record

G) Another fast marine animal is the dolphin. This seagoing mammal has been clocked at speeds of 32 kilometers (20 miles) an hour. Biologists studying the dolphin have discovered that, like the shark, the animal’s efficient locomotion can

be traced to its skin. A dolphin’s skin is made up in such a way that it offers very little resistance to the water flowing over it. Normally when a fish or other object moves slowly through the water, the water flows smoothly past the body. This smooth flow is known as laminar flow. However, at faster speeds the water becomes more turbulent along the moving fish. This turbulence muses friction and slows the fish down.

H) In a dolphin the skin is so flexible that it bends and yields to the waviness of the water. The waves, in effect, become tucked into the skin’s folds. This allows the rest of the water to move smoothly by in a laminar flow. Where other animals would be slowed by turbulent water at rapid speeds, the dolphin can race through the water at record breaking speeds.

Other Animals Less Efficient

I) Not all animals move as efficiently as sharks and dolphins. Perhaps the greatest loser in locomotion efficiency is the slug. The slug, which looks like a snail without a shell, lays down a slimy trail over which it crawls. It uses so much energy producing the slimy mucus and crawling over it that a mouse traveling the same distance uses only one twelfth as much energy. Scientists say that because of the slug’s inefficient use of energy, its lifestyle must be restricted. That is, the animals are forced to confine themselves to small areas for obtaining food and finding proper living conditions. Have humans ever been faced with this kind of problem?

1.According to the passage, a shark can use movement to find food, to avoid

being chased by its enemies, and to find a new place to live.

2.Examples of automobiles, rockets and submarines are used to show that human inventions enable us to travel in almost any kind of environment.

3.The skin is the key to the shark’s swift locomotion in water.

4.According to the Duke University scientists, when bending its body in swimming, the shark stretch its collagen fibers to the greatest extent.

5.Because it is also inflated by pressure, the area just under the shark’s collagen fibers similar to a belted radial tire.

6.A laminar flow is formed when a fish swims slowly through the water.

7.Consuming the equal amount of energy as a slug does, a mouse can travel 12 times as long as a slug.

8.A shark finds its prey by feeling the vibrations of a struggling prey.

9.According to the passage, collagen fibers can be compared to the string of a bow for both of them store energy when stretched.

10.When the shark detects an important food source, some fantastic involuntary changes take place.

答案：

1.B

可以将答案定位在小标题“Moving to Survive”下第二段的前两句话，“Like the shark, most animals use movement to find food. They also use locomotion to escape enemies, find a mate, and explore now territories”。

2.B

题干考查汽车、火箭和潜艇的例子是为了说明可以使人类到达任何环境，其中的“examples of automobiles, rockets and submarines”是关键词，可以将答案定位在文章小标题“Moving to Survive”下这句话，“Humans have the added advantage of using their various inventions to move about in just about any kind of environment. Automobiles, rockets, and submarines transport humans from deep oceans to as far away as the moon”。

3.C

本题考查鲨鱼在水中快速游动的关键是在皮肤。其中的“key”是关键词，可以将答案定位在小标题“Skin Is the Key”下首段的第一句话，“The biologists discovered that the skin of the shark is the key to the animal’s high efficiency in swimming through the water”，与本题句子完全一致，所以直接选择C即可。

4.D

题干中的“collagen fibers to the greatest extent”是关键词，可以将答案定位在小标题“Skin Is the Key”下第二段的第一句话，“The Duke University biologists have found that the greatest stretching occurs where the shark bends its body while swimming”。这与本题句子的内容完全一致，

5.E

题干中“a belted radial tire”是关键词，可以将答案锁定在文章小标题“Source of Energy”下第一段的第三句话，“Just as a radial tire is inflated by pressure, so, too, is the area just under the shark’s collagen ‘radials’”。其中的“just as”和“so”正说明了两者的相似之处在于“inflated by pressure”，所以答案应该是E。

6.G

题干中的关键词是“a laminar flow”，所以可以将答案锁定在文章小标题“Dolphin Has Speed Record”下，根据该节第一段的倒数第三、四句话，“Normally when a fish or other object moves slowly through the water, the water flows smoothly past the body. This smooth flow is known as laminar flow.”。题干是对这两句话的改写，所以正确答案是G。

7.I

题干中“a slug”和“a mouse”均为关键词，可以直接定位在小标题“Other Animals Less Efficient”下第一段的第二句话，“It uses so much energy ... a mouse traveling the same distance uses only one twelfth as much energy”。题干是对该句的同义改写.

8.A

题干中的shark, prey, struggling均为关键词，可以直接定位在A段，Suddenly sensitive nerve ending in the shark’s skin picked up vibrations of a struggling fish.

9.C

在Skin Is the Key中，C段中第二、三句话，The fibers are called collagen fibers.

10.F

在Source of Energy中，可以定位到第二段倒数第一句。

长篇阅读

Paper--More than Meets the Eye

A) We are surrounded by so much paper and card that it is easy to forget just how complex it is. There are many varieties and grades of paper materials, and whilst it is fairly easy to spot the varieties, it is far more difficult to spot the grades.

B) It needs to be understood that most paper and card is manufactured for a specific purpose, so that whilst the corn-flake packet may look smart, it is clearly not something destined for the archives. It is made to look good, but only needs a limited life span. It is also much cheaper to manufacture than high grade card.

C) Paper can be made from an almost endless variety of cellulose-based material which will include many woods, cottons and grasses or which papyrus is an example and from where we get the word \"paper\". Many of these are very specialized, but the preponderance of paper making has been from soft wood and cotton or rags, with the bulk being wood-based.

Paper from Wood

D) In order to make wood into paper it needs to be broken down into fine strands. Firstly by powerful machinery and then boiled with strong alkalies such as caustic soda, until a fine pulp of cellulose fibers is produced. It is from this pulp that the final product is made, relying on the bonding together of the cellulose into layers. That, in a very small nutshell, is the essence of paper making from wood. However, the reality is rather more complicated. In order to give us our white paper and card, the makers will add bleach and other materials such as china clay and additional chemicals.

E) A further problem with wood is that it contains a material that is not cellulose. Something called lignin. This is essential for the tree since it holds the cellulose fibres together, but if it is incorporated into the manufactured paper it presents archivists with a problem. Lignin eventually breaks down and releases acid products into the paper. This will weaken the bond between the cellulose fibers and the paper will become brittle and look rather brown and careworn. We have all seen this in old newspapers and cheap paperback books. It has been estimated that most paper back books will have a life of not greater than fifty years.

Not what we need for our archives.

F) Since the lignin can be removed from the paper pulp during manufacture, the obvious question is \"why is it left in the paper?\" The answer lies in the fact that lignin makes up a considerable part of the tree. By leaving the lignin in the pulp a papermaker can increase his paper yield from a tree to some 95%. Removing it means a yield of only 35%. It is clearly uneconomic to remove the lignin for many paper and card applications.

G) It also means, of course, that lignin-free paper is going to be more expensive, but that is nevertheless what the archivist must look for in his supplies. There is no point whatsoever in carefully placing our valuable artifacts in paper or card that is going to hasten their demise. Acid is particularly harmful to photographic materials, causing them to fade and is some cases simply vanish!

H) So, how do we tell a piece of suitable paper or card from one that is unsuitable? You cannot do it by simply looking, and rather disappointingly, you cannot always rely on the label. \"Acid-free\" might be true inasmuch as a test on the paper may indicate that it is a neutral material at this time. But lignin can take years before it starts the inevitable process of breaking down, and in the right conditions it will speed up enormously.

I) Added to this, as I have indicated earlier, paper may also contain other materials added during manufacture such as bleach, china clay, chemical whiteners and size. This looks like a bleak picture, and it would be but for the fact that there

are suppliers who will guarantee the material that they sell. If you want to be absolutely sure that you are storing in, or printing on, the correct material then this is probably the only way.

J) Incidentally, acids can migrate from material to material. Lining old shoe boxes with good quality acid-free paper will do little to guard the contents. The acid will get there in the end.

Paper from Rag

K) Paper is also commonly made from cotton and rag waste. This has the advantage of being lignin-free, but because there is much less cotton and rag than trees, it also tends to be much more expensive than wood pulp paper. You will still need to purchase from a reliable source though, since even rag paper and card can contain undesirable additives.

L) A reliable source for quality rag papers is a recognized art stockiest. Many water color artists insist on using only fine quality rag paper and board.

M) The main lesson to learn from this information is that you cannot rely on purchasing archival materials from the high street. The only safe solution is to purchase from specialist suppliers. It may cost rather more, but in the end you will know that your important and valuable data and images have the best home possible.

1. The corn-flake packet is cheaper than high grade card.

2. There are a lot of materials which can be used for making paper, but the superiority ones are soft wood, cotton and rags.

3. During the whole manufacturing process, the final product is made from a pulp of cellulose fibres.

4. In order to make white paper and card, the makers will add bleach.

5. Liguin is essential for the tree but it will make paper easy to break.

6. Many paper producers will preserve lignin during manufacture, because leaving the lignin will make more paper from a tree.

7. Acid is particularly harmful to photographic materials.

8. If the lignin is removed from the paper, the paper will be more expensive.

9. Although free of lignin, paper made from cotton and rag waste can also cost more money than wood pulp paper because there is much less cotton and rag than trees.

10. What we can learn from \"Paper from Rag\" is that you had better buy archival materials from specialist suppliers.

文章精要：

本文主要介绍了我们平常所见所用的纸的复杂性，通过介绍用木头和破布料造纸的过程，使我们对纸的类别、属性有了更深入的了解。

答案参考：

1. B 根据题干中的信息提示词corn—flake packet,high grade card,可定位到文章第二段，该部分最后提到corn-flake packet在制造过程中比高等级的纸(high grade card)便宜.

2. C 根据题干中的信息提示词soft wood，cotton and rags，可定位到文章第三段最后一句。

3. D 根据题干中的信息提示词final product，可将答案定位到D段，第二、三句提到最后的产品来源于纤维素纸浆。

4. D 根据题干中的信息提示词white paper and card，可将答案定位到D段，该部分最后提到为了得到白纸，纸张生产者在制造过程中添加了漂白粉和其他化学物质。

5. E 根据题干中的信息提示词essential for the tree，可将答案定位到E段，该部分提到木质素是木头的主要组成物，其作用是凝聚纤维素，但它会使纸张变得易碎。

6. F 根据题干中的信息提示词lignin，可将答案定位到F段，该部分最后提到许多纸张生产者在生产过程中会保留木质素，主要是因为它会增加树木的造纸产量。

7. G 根据题干中的信息提示词acid，可将答案定位到G段，该部分最后提到酸对相纸的原料尤其不利。

8. F 根据题干中的信息提示词lignin和paper可定位到文章的F段，因为该段提到，如果在纸张的生产中去除木质素，将会降低树木出产纸张的量，由此可以知道，去除了木质素的纸张价格必定会更加昂贵。

9. K 根据题干中的信息提示词cotton and rag waste可定位到文章的K段，该部分告诉我们，尽管用棉花和破布料造的纸里没有木质素，但它们要比木制的纸贵很多，这是因为棉花和破布料的数量比树木少得多，由此可以得出答案。

10. M 根据题干中的信息提示词Paper from Ra9可定位到文章的最后一段，该部分提出最好到专业的供应商那里去买档案材料，由此可以得出答案。