英语四级真题2017年12月(第一套)试卷及答案解析

Part I

Writing

between parents and children. You should write at least 120 words but no

叩

(30 minutes)

rethan 180 words.

D1rect10ns: 凡rthis part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on how to best handle the relationship

Part II Section A

．

Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)

Directions: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report you will

hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A) , B) , C) and D) . Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through the centre.

Questions I and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard. .A) It tnes to entertain its audience.1

C)It has got one of its limbs injured.2.A) Its picture won a photography prize.B)Its videos were posted on social media.C)It was filmed by a local television reporter.D)It was spotted by animal protection officials.

Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard. 3.A) The spending on gas.

C)The incidence of road accidents.4.A) Gas consumption is soaring.C)Fewer people are commuting.

B)The distance travelled.

D)The number of people travelling.B)Job growth is slowing down.D)Rush-hour traffic is worsening.B)It tries to look into the distance.D)It wants to catch people's attention.

Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard. 5.A) He told a stranger the sad story about himself.B)He went up to a stranger and pulled at his sleeves.C)He helped a stranger to carry groceries to his car.D)He washed a stranger's car in return for some food.6.A) He ordered a lot of food for his family.B)He gave him a job at his own company.C)He offered him a scholarship for college.D)He raised a large sum of money for him.7.A) He is an excellent student at school.C)He is very good at making up stories.

B)He has been disabled since boyhood.D)He works hard to support his family.

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Section B

is section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four Directions: In讥

questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A) , B) , C) and D) . Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 8.A) Had a drink at Queen Victoria.B)Had dinner at a new restaurant.C)Attended an econormcs lecture.D)Taken a walk on Charles Street.9.A) Visit some of his high school friends.B)Attend his brother's birthday party.C)Make preparations for a seminar.D)Treat a college friend to dinner.

10.A) Join him in his brother's birthday celebration.

B)Meet with Jonathan's friends on the weekend.C)Throw a surprise birthday party.D)Gather statistics for his lecture.11.A) By car.

C)By taxi.

B)By bus.D)By train.

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Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 12.A) Taking a vacation abroad.

B)Reviewing for his last exam.C)Finding a better way to earrn money.D)Saving enough money for a rainy day13.A) Preparing for his final exams.

B)Working part time as a waiter.C)Helping the woman with her courses.D)Negotiating with his boss for a raise.

14.A) Save enough money.

C)Learn a little bit of Spanish.

B)Finish her term paper.D)Ask her parents'pem邯sion.B)He is easy to get along with.D)He has rich sailing experience.

15.A) He speaks Spanish fluently.

C)He is also eager to go to Spain.

Section C

Directions: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage , you will hear three or four

questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A) , B) , C) and D) . Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

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Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard. 16.A) She was also a Nobel Prize winner.B)She won the Nobel Prize two times.

C)She worked as a nurse in the First World War.D)She went to the same university as her mother.17.A) She helped to set up several military hospitals.B)She made donations to save wounded soldiers.C)She fought bravely in a series of military operations.D)She developed X-ray facilities for military hospitals.18.A) Both won military medals.B)Both died of blood cancer.C)Both fought in World War I .D)Both married their assistants.

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard. 19.A) They settled on a small island north of England.B)They discovered Iceland in the ninth century.C)They were the conquerors of Norway.D)They were the first settlers in Europe.

20.A) It was covered with green most time of the year.B)It was the Vikings'most important discovery.C)It was a rocky mass of land covered with ice.D)It was some five hundred miles west of Norway.21.A) The Vikings'everyday life.B)The Vikings'ocean explorations.C)The making of European nations.D)The Europeans'Arctic discoveries.

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard. 22.A) Dream about the future.C)Work hard for a better life.

23.A) Dwell on the dreams he had dreamed when young.B)Exchange his two-story house for a beach cottage.C)Change what he has for his past imaginary world.D)Teach foreign languages for the rest of his life.24.A) Criminal law.C)lntematlonal busmess.25.A) Take things easy in life.C)Enjoy whatever you are doing.

B)City planning.D)Oriental architecture.B)Dream and make plans.D)Be content with what you have.B)Save against a r扣nyday.D)Make mistakes now and then.

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Part ID Section A

Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a

list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter: Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

A rat or pigeon might not be the obvious choice to tend to someone who is sick, but these creatures have some 26

skills that could help the treatment of human diseases.

27 , but they are just the latest in a long line of animals

28

of your

Pigeons are often seen as dirty birds and an urban index finger, pigeons have a very impressive

Rats are often

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that have been found to have abilities to help humans. Despite having as brain no bigger than the be as accurate as humans at detecting breast cancer in images.

with spreading disease rather than

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memory. Recently it was shown that they could be trained to

it, but this long-tailed画malis highly

32

—. Inside a rat's nose are up to 1 , 000 different types of olfactoryreceptors (嗅觉感受器），whereashumans only have

100 to 200 types. This gives rats the ability to detect

smells. As a result, some rats are being put to work to

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a sample is infected.

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detect TB (肺结核）. When the rats detect the smell, they stop and rub their legs to

Traditionally, a hundred samples would take lab technicians more than two days to rats are able to find more TB infections and, therefore, save more lives.

35 , but for a rat it takes

the

less than 20 minutes. This rat detection method doesn't rely on specialist equipment. It is also more accurate

A)associated

D)nuisanceG)prohibitingJ)specifyM)tip

B)examineE)peakH)sensitiveK)superiorN)treated

C)indicateF)preventingI)slightL)suspiciousO)visual

Section B

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains

叫ormationgiven in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

Do In-Class Exams Make Students Study Harder?

Research suggests they may study more broadly for the unexpected rather than search for answers.

A)I have always been a poor test-taker. So it may seem rather strange that I have returned to college to finish the

degree I left undone some four decades ago. I am making my way through Columbia University, surrounded bystudents who quickly supply the verbal answer while I am still processing the question.

B)Since there is no way for me to avoid exams , I am currently questioning what kind are the most taxing andultimately beneficial. I have already sweated through numerous in-class midterms and finals, and now I have aprofessor who issues take-home ones. I was excited when I learned this, figuring I had a full week to do theresearch, read the texts, and write it all up. In fact, I was still rewriting my midterm the morning it was due. To

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say I had lost the thread is putting it mildly.

C)As I was suffering through my week of anxiety, overthinking the material and guessing my grasp of it, I did

some of my own polling among students and professors. David Eisenbach, who teaches a popular class on U.S.presidents at Columbia, prefers the in-class variety. He believes students ultimately learn more and encouragesthem to form study groups. \"That way they socialize over history outside the class, which wouldn't happenwithout the pressure of an in-class exam,\" he explained. \"Furthermore, in-class exams force students to learnhow to perform under pressure , an essential work skill. \"

D)He also says there is less chance of cheating with the in-class variety. In 2012, 125 students at Harvard were

caught up in a scandal when it was discovered they had cheated on a take-home exam for a class entitled\"Introduction To Congress. \" Some colleges have what they call an \"honor code,\" though if you are smartenough to get into these schools, you are either smart enough to get around any codes or hopefully, too ethical toconsider doing so. As I sat blocked and clueless for two solid days, I momentarily wondered if I couldn't justcall an expert on the subject matter which I was tackling, or someone who took the class previously, to get megomg.

E)Following the Harvard scandal, Mary Miller, the former dean of students at Yale, made an impassioned appeal

to her school's professors to refrain from take-home exams. \"Students risk health and well being, as well asperformance in other end-of-term work, when faculty offers take-home exams without clear, time-limitedboundaries,\" she told me. \"Research now shows that regular quizzes, short essays, and other assignments overthe course of a term better enhance learning and retention. \"

F)Most college professors agree the kind of exam they choose largely depends on the subject. A quantitative-basedone, for example, is unlikely to be sent home, where one could ask their older brothers and sisters to help.Vocational-type classes, such as computer science or journalism, on the other hand, are often more research­oriented and lend themselves to take-home testing. Chris Koch, who teaches \"History of Broadcast Journalism\"at Montgomery Community College in Rockville, Maryland, points out that reporting is about investigation ratherthan the memorization of minute details. \"In my field, it's not what you know—it's what you know how to findout, \" says Koch. \"There is way too much information, and more coming all the time, for anyone to remember.I want my students to search out the answers to questions by using all the resources available to them. \"G)Students'test-form preferences vary, too, often depending on the subject and course difficulty. \"I prefer take­

home essays because it is then really about the writing, so you have time to edit and do more research, \" saysElizabeth Dresser, a junior at Barnard. Then there is the stress factor. Francesca Haass, a senior at Middlebury,says, \"I find the in-class ones are more stressful in the short term, but there is immediate relief as you swallowinformation like mad, and then you get to forget it all. Take-homes require thoughtful engagement which canlead to longer term stress as there is never a moment when the time is up. \" Meanwhile, Olivia Rubin, asophomore at Emory, says she hardly even considers take-homes true exams. \"If you understand the materialand have the ability to articulate (说出）your thoughts, they should be a breeze. \"

H)How students ultimately handle tests may depend on their personal test-taking abilities. There are people who

always wait until the last minute, and make it much harder than it needs to be. And then there are those who,not knowing what questions are coming at them , and having no resources to refer to , can freeze. And then thereare we rare folks who fit both those descriptions.

I)Yes , my advanced age must factor into the equation (等式），inpart because of my inability to access theinformation as quickly. As another returning student at Columbia, Kate Marber, told me, \"We are learning notonly all this information, but essentially how to learn again. Our fellow students have just come out of highschool. A lot has changed since we were last in school. \"

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J)If nothing else, the situation has given my college son and me something to share. When I asked his opinion on

this matter, he responded, \"I like in-class exams because the time is already reserved, as opposed to using myfree time at home to work on a test, \" he responded. It seems to me that a compromise would be receiving theexam questions a day or two in advance, and then doing the actual test in class with the ticking clock overhead. K)Better yet, how about what one Hunter College professor reportedly did recently for her final exam: She

encouraged the class not to stress or even study, promising that, \"It is going to be a piece of cake. \" When thestudents came in, sharpened pencils in hand, there was not a blue book in sight. Rather, they saw a largechocolate cake and they each were given a slice.

36.Elderly students find it hard to keep up with the rapid changes in education.37.Some believe take-home exams may affect students'performance in other courses.38.Certain professors believe in-class exams are ultimately more helpful to students.39.In-class exams are believed to discourage cheating in exams.40.The author was happy to learn she could do some exams at home.

41.Students who put off their work until the last moment often find the exams more difficult than they actually are.42.Different students may prefer different types of exams.

43.Most professors agree whether to give an in-class or a take-home exam depends on the type of course being

taught.

44.The author dropped out of college some forty years ago.

45.Some students think take-home exams will eat up their free time.

Section C

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For

each of them there are four choices marked A) , B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

That people often experience trouble sleeping in a different bed in unfamiliar surroundings is a phenomenon known as the \"fast-night\" effect. If a person stays in the same room the following night they tend to sleep more soundly. Yuka Sasaki and her colleagues at Brown University set out to investigate the origins of this effect.

Dr. Sasaki knew the first-night effect probably has something to do with how humans evolved. The puzzle was what benefit would be gained from it when performance might be affected the following day. She also knew from previous work conducted on birds and dolphins that these画malsput half of their brains to sleep at a time so that they can rest while remaining alert enough to avoid predators (捕食者）

.

This led her to wonder if people might be

doing the same thing. To take a closer look, her team studied 35 healthy people as they slept in the unfamiliar envirorunent of the university's Department of Psychological Sciences. The participants each slept in the department for two nights and were carefully monitored with techniques that looked at the activity of their brains. Dr. Sasaki found , as expected , the participants slept less well on their first night than they did on their second , taking more than twice as long to fall asleep and sleeping less overall. During deep sleep, the participants'brains behaved in a similar manner seen in birds and dolphins. On the first night only, the left hemispheres nearly as deeply as their right hemispheres did.

Curious if the left hemispheres were indeed remaining awake to process information detected in the surrounding envirorunent, Dr. Sasaki re-ran the experiment while presenting the sleeping participants with a mix of regularly

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(半球）

of their brains did not sleep

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timed beeps (峰鸣声）of the same tone and irregular beeps of a different tone during the night. She worked out that , if the left hemisphere was staying alert to keep guard in a strange environment, then it would react to the irregular beeps by stirring people from sleep and would ignore the regularly timed ones. This is precisely what she found. 46. What did researchers find puzzling about the first-night effect?

A) To what extent it can trouble people.B) What role it has played in evolution.C) What circumstances may trigger it.D) In what way it can be beneficial.

47. What do we learn about Dr. Yuka Sasaki doing her research?

A)She found birds and dolphins remain alert while asleep.B)She found birds and dolphins sleep in much the same way.C)She got some idea from previous studies on birds and dolphins.D)She conducted studies on birds'and dolphins'sleeping patterns.48. What did Dr. Sasaki do when she first did her experiment?

A)She monitored the brain activity of participants sleeping in a new envirorunent.B)She recruited 35 participants from her Department of Psychological Sciences.C)She studied the differences between the two sides of participants'brains.D)She tested her findings about birds and dolphins on human subjects.49. What did Dr. Sasaki do when re-running her experiment?

A)She analyzed the negative effect of irregular tones on brains.B)She recorded participants'adaptation to changed environment.C)She exposed her participants to two different stimuli.D)She compared the responses of different participants.

50. What did Dr. Sasaki find about the participants in her experiment?

A)They tended to enjoy certain tones more than others.B) They tended to perceive irregular beeps as a threat.C) They felt sleepy when exposed to regular beeps.D)They differed in their tolerance of irregular tones.Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

It's time to reevaluate how women handle conflict at work. Being overworked or over-committed at home and on the job will not get you where you want to be in life. It will only slow you down and hinder your career goals.

Did you know women are more likely than men to feel exhausted? Nearly twice as many women than men ages 18-44 reported feeling \"very tired\" or \"exhausted\according to a recent study.

This may not be surprising given that this is the age range when women have children. It's also the age rangewhen many women are trying to balance careers and home. One reason women may feel exhausted is that they have a hard time saying \"no.\" Women want to be able to do it all—volunteer for school parties or cook delicious meals— and so their answer to any request is often \"Yes, I can. \"

Women struggle to say \" no\" in the workplace for similar reasons , including the desire to be liked by their colleagues. Unfortunately, this inability to say \"no\" may be hurting women's health as well as their career.

At the workplace, men use conflict as a way to position themselves, while women often avoid conflict or strive to be the peacemaker, because they don't want to be viewed as aggressive or disruptive at work. For example,

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there's a problem that needs to be addressed immediately, resulting in a dispute over who should be the one to fix it. Men are more likely to face that dispute from the perspective of what benefits them most, whereas women may approach the same dispute from the perspective of what's the easiest and quickest way to resolve the problem—even if that means doing the boring work themselves.

This difference in handling conflict could be the deciding factor on who gets promoted to a leadership position and who does not. Leaders have to be able to delegate and manage resources wisely—including staff expertise. Shouldering more of the workload may not earn you that promotion. Instead, it may highlight your inability to delegate effectively.

51.What does the author say is the problem with women?

A)They are often unclear about the career goals to reach. B) They are usually more committed at home than on the job.C) They tend to be over-optimistic about how far they could go.D) They tend to push themselves beyond the limits of their ability.

52. Why do working women of child-bearing age tend to feel drained of energy?

A)They struggle to satisfy the demands of both work and home.B)They are too devoted to work and unable to relax as a result.C) They do their best to cooperate with their workmates.D)They are obliged to take up too many responsibilities.53.What may hinder the future prospects of career women?

A)Their unwillingness to say \"no\".B)Their desire to be considered powerful.C) An underestimate of their own ability.D)A lack of courage to face challenges.

. Men and women differ in their approach to resolving workplace conflicts in that

A) women tend to be easily satisfied B) men are generally more persuasive

C) men tend to put their personal interests first D) Women are much more ready to compromise 55.What is important to a good leader?

A) A dominant personality. C) The courage to admit failure.

B) The ability to delegate.

D) A strong sense of responsibility.

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Part IV

your answer on Answer Sheet 2.

Translation (30 minutes)

Directions : 的rthis part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write

500余米，方圆约400

泰山位于山东省西部。海拔1名山，过去3旅游景点。

平方公里。泰山不仅雄伟壮观，而且是一座历史文化

位帝王曾来此浏览。许多作家到泰山获取

000多年一直是人们前往朝拜的地方。据记载，共有72

灵感，写诗作文，艺术家也来此绘画。山上因此留下了许许多多的文物古迹。泰山如今已成为中国一处主要的

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2017年12月大学英语四级考试真题（第一套）

新闻

1-7 CB BD CDA长对话8 -15 CBAD ABAD 短文

16 -25 ADB BCB ACCD 选词填空

26 -35 KDMOA FHICB 长篇阅读36 -45 IECDB HGF AJ 仔细阅读46 -55 DCACB DAACB

【答案速在】

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2017年12月大学英语四级考试真题（第一套）

【真题解析】

Part I

【审题分析］

浏览题目，看到howto, 就知道是需要解决问题。

需要解决的问题是theRelationship between Parents and Children

通常对于这类题目，我们的文章展开思路大致如下：背景信息＋提出建议＋进行总结。背景信息就可以写：亲子关系很重要。然后加上拓展即可。

提出建议的部分，是最见功力的部分，也是阅卷老师，给高分所需要考察的地方。建议是否准确相关，是否句型多样，有理有据，都是需要一定程度上的积累的。想作文考高分的学生，要好好积累素材以及表达。

结尾总结部分，重述主题或者强调建议的重要性，都可以。

Writing (30 minutes)

【参考范文］

How to Best Handle the Relationship between Parents and 范文译文Children 亲子关系是孩子们最早拥有的关系The relationship between parents and children is among the 之一，因而也是最重要的关系之一。研究most significant because it is one of the earliest connections 还发现，积极的亲子关系有利于儿童的身children have. Research has also found that positive parent-child 体和情感状态，以及他们的社会和认知发bondsare constructiveto children's physical and emotional status, 展。as well as their social and cognitive development.

首先，为了加强亲子关系，父母和孩

Firstly, to strengthen the parent-child relationship, parents 子需要培养相互间的尊蜇。父母应该胖and children need to cultivate mutual respect. Parents should 重孩子的个性，而孩子应该尊重父母的权respect children's individuality while children should respect 威。第二，积极的沟通在亲子关系中起着parents'authorty. Secondly, positive communication plays a 重要的作用。父母应该营造一个有利于significant role in the parent-child relationship. Parents should 家庭生活的氛围，让孩子们放心地向父母create a family-friendly atmosphere where children feel at ease to 倾诉私人问题。最后，家长让孩子参与决spill their guts to their parents about private issues. Finally, it is 策是明智的。允许孩子在重大的家庭决wise for parents to involve children in decision-making. Allowing 策中拥有发言权可以培养他们的自主性children to have a say in major household decisions can foster their 和性。autonomyand independence.

通过以上分析，我们可以得出这样的

Given the analysis above, we can draw a conclusion that 结论：建立父母与孩子之间的相互尊蜇和building mutual respect and strong communication between parents 紧密的沟通，并让孩子参与决策是处理亲and children, and engaging children in decision-making are the 子关系最重要、最有效的方式。most important and effective ways to handle the parent-child relationship.

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【亮点词汇］

significant com记ctionbond constructive mutual atmosphere have a say autonomy effective significant * * ** *

重要的；有意义的关系；联系（强烈的感情）纽带建设性的，积极的；有助益的相互的；彼此的氛围；环境有发言权自主

有效的；能产生预期效果的

ADJ-GRADED能被表示程度的副词或介词词组修饰的形容词重要的；有意义的Asignificant fact, event, or thing is one that is important or shows something.

N-VAR可变名词，可作可数名词或不可数名词关系；联系Aconnection is a relationship between two things ,people, or groups.

N-COUNT可数名词（强烈的感情）纽带Abond between people is a strong feeling of friendship, love, or sharedbeliefs and experiences that unites them.constructive ** -1:r -1:r -1:r bond***** connection * * ** *

ADJ-GRADED能修饰表示评论、讨论、方法等名词的形容词，也可适用于beconstructive to搭配建设性的；积极的；有助益的Aconstructive discussion, comment, or approach is useful and helpful rather than negative and unhelpful.

ADJ形容词相互的；彼此的Youuse mutual to describe a situation, feeling, or action that is experienced, felt, or done by both of two people mentioned. atmosphere * * ** * mutual*女女女女

N-SING单数名词氛围；环境Theatmosphere of a place is the general impression that you get of it.PHRASE短语有发言权havethe right to speak

N-UNCOUNT不可数名词自主Autonomyis the ability to make your own decisions about what to do ratherthan being influenced by someone else or told what to do.effective * * *女女autonomy * * 1c 1c 1c have a say *****

ADJ-GRADED 能被表示程度的副词或介词词组修饰的形容词有效的；能产生预期效果的Somethingthat is

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effective works well and produces the results that were intended.

【经典表达］

*Research has also found that positive parent-child bonds are constructive to children's physical and emotional , as well as their social and cognitive development. 研究还发现，积极的亲子关系有利于儿童的身体和情status

感状态，以及他们的社会和认知发展。

*Parents should create a family-friendly atmosphere where children feel at ease to spill their guts to their parentsabout private issues. 父母应该营造一个家庭友好型的氛围，让孩子们放心地向父母倾诉私人问题。*allow sb. to have a say in sth. 允许某人在某事中拥有发言权*foster one's autonomy培养某人的自主性

.. 通过以上分析，我们可以得出这样的结论……*Given the analysis above, we can draw a conclusion that.

Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)

冈开罚干累｀

【原文】

News Report One

A New Jersey black bear that walks upright on its two back legs and has become a social media darling has re­emerged and has been captured on video months after its last sighting.

The bear named Pedals was spotted in the town of Oak Ridge. In a video posted to Facebook featuring the bear, it appeared to be in relatively good health and was moving quickly. (1) Pedals apparently has an injured leg or paw that doesn't allow it to walk comfortabl on all fours, according to experts.

Lawrence Hajna, spokesman for the State Department of Enviromnental Protection, said officials expect the bear to make it through next winter.

(2) The bear first ained fame after it was s otted wanderin around nei hborhoods and was cau ht on videos that were osted on social media and shown on national television.

Last year, supporters pushed for Pedals to be moved to a shelter, but New Jersey officials have said they won't allow the bear to be captured and transferred to the facility. \"The bear would do better in its natural habitat and the agency would step in if its condition deteriorated, \" they said.

Question l and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard. 1.What is the probable reason the bear walks upright on its back legs?

A)

It tnes to entertain its audience.B)It tries to look into the distance.D)It wants to catch people's attention.

C)It has got one of its limbs injured.【答案】C【难度】较低

【详解】新闻中提到，\"Pedals

apparently has an injured leg or paw that doesn't allow it to walk comfortably on all

fours\", 踏板（即黑熊）显然有一条腿或一只脚掌受了伤，这令它没办法用四条腿方便地行走。C)It has got one of its limbs injured, 它有一条腿或是脚掌受了伤，是对新闻中信息的同义转述，其中的limbs

（肢，臂，腿）对应新闻中的legor paw。

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【干扰项】A)It tries to entertain its audience它试图娱乐观众；B) It tries to look into the distance它试图看向远

处；D) It wants to catch people's attention它想吸引人们的注意。A)和B)在录音中未提及。D)是依据录音中的hasbecome a social media darling (成为社交媒体宠儿）设置的干扰项，但这不是踏板（即黑熊）自己的意愿(wants),故排除。2.How is the bear first known to the public?A)Its picture won a photography prize.B)Its videos were posted on social media.C)It was filmed by a local television reporter.D)It was spotted by animal protection officials.

【答案】B

【难度】中等

［详解】新闻中提到，\"The bear first gained fame after it was spotted wandering around neighborhoods and was

caught on videos that were posted on social media and shown on national television\这只熊被发现在居民

区附近闲逛，视频被人拍了下来并发布在社交媒体上以及播放在全国性的电视节目里之后名声大噪。Its videos were posted on social media , 它的视频被放到了社交媒体上，是新闻中信息的再现，故为答B)

案。

【干扰项]A) Its picture won a photography prize它的照片赢得了一项摄影奖；C) It was filmed by a local

television reporter它被当地电视台的一名记者拍成了电影；D) It was spotted by animal protection

officials它被动物保护发现。A)和C)在录音中未提及。D)It was spotted by animal protection officials是依据录音中两度出现的spot(发现）设置的干扰项，但是与wasspotted in the town/ wandering around neighborhoods (在镇子里或在居民区闲逛时被发现）矛盾，即录音中只是提及被发

现的地点，未提及被谁发现，故排除。

News Report Two

【原文】

It's not your imagination. Traffic in the U. S. is actually getting worse. (3) Americans drove more miles last ear than an other ear on record. The U. S. De artrnent of Trans ortation sa s Americans drove nearl 3 150 billion miles last year. That's about the same distance as 337 round trips from Earth to Pluto. The previous record was 3,003 billion miles in 2007 before the economic recession and high gas prices. The traffic increase comes at the same time as gas prices drop significantly. The current average gas price in the U.S. is $ 1. 71 per gallon. A year ago, it was $ 2. 31 per gallon and it was often much higher in recent years. A transportation expert told the reporter that job growth likely plays part as well along with some people driving longer distances to and from work. And so, all this means more traffic jams on the road. (4) The Texas A&M Travel Institute fund that rush hour travellers s ent an extra 42 hours on the road last ear because of travel dela s. Now that is de ressin . Question 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard. 3.What new record did the American drivers set last year?A)The spending on gas.

C)The incidence of road accidents.

B)The distance travelled.D)The number of people travelling.

【答案】B【难度】较低

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【详解】新闻中提到，\"Americansdrove more miles last year than any other year on record. The U.S. Department

, 150 billion miles last year\" , of Transportation says Americans drove nearly 3 美国人去年驾车的里程数达

到有记录以来的最高值。美国交通部称，美国人去年的驾车里程将近3.15兆英里。由此可知，美国开

, 车的人们去年创造的新纪录是他们出行的距离，故答案为B)The distance travelled 出行里程／距离。

【干扰项】A)The spending on gas在汽油上的花费；C) The incidence of road accidents交通事故的发生率；D)

(s) , 但油价下降只是导The number of people travelling出行的人数。录音中虽然两度提及gasprice

致人们出行次数多、距离远的一个原因，未提及在汽油上的总花费，故排除A)The spending on gas。

C) The incidence of road accidents是依据录音中的trafficdelays设置的千扰项，但是accidents(事故）不等于delays(延误），故排除。D)The number of people travelling是依据录音中的jobgrowth设置的干扰项，但是就业增长不一定导致更多的人自己驾车，故也排除。

4.What is depressing according to the speaker?A)Gas consumption is soaring.C)Fewer people are commuting.

B)Job growth is slowing down.D)Rush-hour traffic is worsening.

【答案】D【难度】较低

【详解】新闻中提到，\"TheTexas A&M Travel Institute found that rush hour travelers spent an extra 42 hours on the

road last year because of travel delays. Now, that is depressing\德克萨斯州A&M出行研究所发现，去年，高峰时段的出行者由于出行延误在路上多花了42个小时。这很让人郁闷。由此可知，高峰时段的交通越发恶化，故答案为D)Rush-hour traffic is worsening, 高峰时段的交通越发恶化。

【干扰项】A)Gas consumption is soaring汽油消耗在激增；B) Job growth is slowing down就业增加放缓；C)

Fewer people are commuting通勤的人越来越少。A)虽然是录音中提及的事实，但不是让人觉得郁闷

的原因，故排除。B)和C)与录音中提及的信息相反，故排除。

News Report Three

(5)A 16-ear-old asked a stran er at a oce store to bu him and his mother some food in exchan e forcarrying the man's groceries to his car. What happened next will pull at your heartstrings. A wonderful bond formed between the two, and within a couple of weeks, (6) the stran er named W血ehel ed raise $ 190 000 on a website to su ort the Mem his teena er and his disabled mother.

\"When Chauncy approached me, it just pulled at my heart, \" White said. \"Here comes Chauncy, just trying to get food for him and his mom of the grace of other people. When I looked at him and saw what he was doing and what he was asking for, I said he was my hero. \"

(7)\" Chauncy is a top student who is doing his best to make it in a world with no money and very fewresources,\" White explained on the crowdfunding site. \"He wants to work and help his mother financially. It's so rare that we get an opportunity to effect so much change on one life, \" White wrote. \"I cannot thank you enough for caring about Chauncy. This is his big chance, and you're making it possible.\" Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard. 5.What did the teenager Channey do at the grocery store to get some food?A)He told a stranger the sad story about himself.B)He went up to a stranger and pulled at his sleeves.C)He helped a stranger to carry groceries to his car.D)He washed a stranger's car in return for some food.

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【答案】C

【难度】较低

【详解】新闻中提到，\"A16-year-old asked a stranger at a grocery store to buy him and his mother some food in

生人商量可不可以给他和他的母亲购买一些食物，作为交换，他会把这个陌生人购买的食品杂货搬到他帮助陌生人把食品杂货搬到车上，是他的车上。C)He helped a stranger to carry groceries to his car,

exchange for carrying the man's groceries to his car\在一家食品杂货店里，一名16岁的少年和一位陌

对新闻中信息的同义转述，故为答案。

【干扰项】A)He told a stranger the sad story about himself他把自己的悲惨遭遇告诉一位陌生人；B) He went up

to a stranger and pulled at his sleeves他走到一位陌生人面前并拉扯他的袖子；D) He washed a

排除。B)He went up to a stranger and pulled at his sleeves是依据录音中的pulledat my heart设置的干扰项，录音中是指Chauncy触动了陌生人的内心，并未提及他拉扯陌生人的袖子，故排除。

6.What did the stranger do for Chauncy?

stranger's car in return for some food他给一位陌生人洗车以换取食物。A)和D)在录音中未提及，故

B)He gave him a job at his own company.

A)He ordered a lot of food for his family.

【答案】D

D)He raised a large sum of money for him.

C)He offered him a scholarship for college.

【难度】较低

【详解】新闻中提到，\"thestranger named White, helped raise $ 190, 000 on a website to support the Memphis

teenager and his disabled mother\" ,这 个名叫怀特的陌生人在一个网站上帮助少年筹集了19万美元，用

怀特为那个, 来支持这个孟菲斯少年和他身患残疾的母亲。D)He raised a large sum of money for him

一

大笔钱，对应新闻少年筹集了一大笔钱，是对新闻中信息的同义转述，其中的alarge sum of money,

中的$190,000。

【干扰项】A)He ordered a lot of food for his family他为他家订购了很多食物；B) He gave him a job at his own

大学奖学金。在录音中均未提及，故排除。

company他在自己的公司给他安排了工作；C) He offered him a scholarship for college他给他提供了

7.What do we learn about Chauncy?

A)He is an excellent student at school.C)He is very good at making up stories.

B)He has been disabled since boyhood.

【答案】A【难度】较低

D)He works hard to support his family.

, 昌西是一个拔尖的学生。A)He is an excellent student at 【详解】新闻中提到，\"Chauncy is a top student\"

school, 他在学校的表现很优秀，是对新闻中信息的同义转述，其中的excellent(极好的）对应新闻中的

【干扰项】B)He has been disabled since boyhood他从童年起就残疾了；C) He is very good at making up stories他非常善于编造故事；D) He works hard to support his family他为了养家努力工作。录音中仅提到

故排除。D)He works hard to support his family是依据录音中wantsto work设置的干扰项，但Chauncy仅是wants(想要）努力工作帮助家里，他仍是个学生，故排除。

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top(顶尖的）。

Chauncy有个disabledmother(残疾的母亲），没有提到他本人残疾，故排除B)。C)在录音中未提及，

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冈开ffllril:J

Conversation One

M: (8)That was m last economics lecture of the week and here's the weekend a ain.

W: What are you up to tonight? I was just wondering if we could try out the new restaurant on Charles Street, then

go on to Queen Victoria for a drink.

M: Sorry. (9) I'm headin home this weekend form brother's 18th birthda . W: Oh, that's great.

M: All of my relatives are gonna be there, as well as my brother's horrible friends, of course. Listen, (10)虫

don't you come along? Mom would be absolutely delighted to see you again. She's always asking after you. W: Yes, I'd love to see her, too.

M: (10) So, please, do come. It would be great. Besides, with Jonathan's wild gang to contend with, I'd really

welcome an ally.

W: That sounds tempting, but I won't be ready till five as I've got my statistics seminar now. What time are you

heading off?

M: Well, I was going to leave right away. However, I can hang around for you if you like. It just means that I'll

need to change my ticket.

W : But would that be too much trouble for you?

M: No, not at all. (11) I'll o to the station frrst and see if I can et tickets for us on the 6: 30 train. Then, you

can join me there. I'll text you when it's done.

W: Brilliant. Are you absolutely positive if it's OK? I wouldn't want to impose.

M: Don't worry. You're most welcome to join our party. And, as I always say \"The more the merrier.\" W: Look. I'd better go, or I'll be late. So, I'll meet you down at the station around six? M: Fine. See you later.

Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 8.What has the man just done?A)Had a drink at Queen Victoria.C)Attended an economics lecture.

B)Had dinner at a new restaurant.D)Taken a walk on Charles Street.

【答案】C

【难度】中等

【详解】对话一开始男士说，\"Thatwas my last economics lecture of the week, and here's the weekend again\

刚刚结束了本周最后一场经济学讲座。由此可知，男士刚刚参加过一场经济学讲座，故答案为C)

Attended an economics lecture , 参加了一场经济学讲座。

【干扰项】A)Had a drink at Queen Victoria在维多利亚女王喝过一杯，B)Had dinner at a new restaurant在一家新开的餐馆吃过晚餐，D)Taken a walk on Charles Street在查尔斯大街上散步。A)和B)均为女士对今晚的提议，不符合题意，故排除。D)Taken a walk on Charles Street是依据录音中CharlesStreet设

置的干扰项，对话中女士提议的餐厅位于查尔斯大街，但未提及在街上散步，故排除。

9.What is the man going to do this weekend?A)Visit some of his high school friends.C)Make preparations for a seminar.

B)Attend his brother's birthday party.D)Treat a college friend to dinner.

【答案】B

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【难度】较低

【详解】对话中男士说，\"I'mheading home this weekend for my brother's 18th birthday\这周末他要回家给他弟

弟过十八岁生日。由此可知，男士这周末回家要参加他弟弟的生日聚会。B)Attend his brother's

, 参加弟弟的生日聚会，是对对话中信息的同义转述，故为答案。birthday party

【干扰项】A)Visit some of his high school friends拜访他高中时的一些朋友；C) Make preparations for a seminar

为研讨会做准备；D) Treat a college friend to dinner请大学时的一个朋友吃晚餐。A)和D)在录音中均未提及，故排除。对话中仅提到女士一会要参加seminar(研讨会），未提及男士要为研讨会作准

备，故排除C)Make preparations for a seminar为研讨会做准备。

10.What does the man ask the woman to do?

B)Meet with Jonathan's friends on the weekend.D)Gather statistics for his lecture.C)Throw a surprise birthday party.

A)Join him in his brother's birthday celebration.

【答案】A

【难度】较低

【详解】对话中男士说\"whydon't you come along? (你为什么不跟我一起去呢?)\" \"So, please, do come. (那就

”

请一起来吧。）由此可知，男士是在请女士随他一同去庆祝他弟弟的生日，故答案为A)Join him in his

, 和自己一起参加弟弟的生日聚会。Whydon't. .. do? 句型表示建议，在听brother's birthday celebration

力长对话中常常作为出题点。

【干扰项】B)Meet with Jonathan's friends on the weekend在周末面见乔纳森的朋友；C) Throw a surprise

据。均不符合原文，故排除。根据对话中男士相继提到的mybrother's horrible friends(弟弟那帮熊

“

孩子）和Jonathan'swild gang (乔纳森狂野帮派\")推测，Jonathan就是男士的弟弟，Jonathan'sfriends(乔纳森的朋友）只是一同参加他的生日会，女士并不是去见他们，故排除B)Meet with 女士参加，而不是组织，故排除C)Throw a surprise birthday party举办（组织）一场惊喜的生日派对。男士是上周参加的经济学讲座，不必再为讲座搜集数据，故排除D)Gather statistics for his lecture。

11.How will they go to the man's home?

A)By car.C)By taxi.

Jonathan's friends on the weekend在周未面见乔纳森的朋友。生日聚会是巳经安排好的，只是邀请b记hdayparty举办一场惊喜的生日派对；D) Gather statistics for his lecture为他的讲座搜集统计数

B)By bus.

【答案】D

D)By train.

【难度】较低

他先去火【详解】对话中男士说，\"I'llgo to the station first and see if I can get tickets for us on the 6 :30 train. \

车站看看能不能买到六点半的火车票。由此可知，对话者是乘坐火车去男士家，故答案为D)By train, 坐火车。

【干扰项】A)By car乘小汽车；B) By bus乘公共汽车；C)By taxi乘出租车。对话中均未提及，故排除。Conversation Two

M: Hi, Jane. How's everything going?

W: So far so good. I've just finished my last exam.

M: Good. The term is coming to an end. (12) Do ou think we should take a holida overseas to relax and have

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fun? (13) I've saved m ti s from m waiter·ob these ast few months, and I should have enough by July. W: Yes, that's a wonderful idea. I've got a little put aside for a rainy day, (14) but I might need to earn a little

more before we go. By the way, what's it like working in a restaurant?

M: Well, it's really tough, as working a IO-hour-shift is like hell. I'm not sure it'll suit you, but it's pretty cool if

your boss is all right. Do you think we should invite some others to come along?

W: Yes. We could ask Tom and Tracy if they're interested. I haven't been abroad for a long while, and it would be

great to go somewhere by the sea. I can't wait. And (15) if Tom goes, we could go sailing. He has a lot of experience with boats. And it'll work out a lot cheaper to hire one if there's more of us to share the cost. M: So, that's a plan. We'll save as much as we can, and go sailing next July. Let's say Spain, but anywhere cheap

will be fine.

W: OK, but first we'd better contact Tom and Tracy and see if they are up for it. If not, it'll be back to the drawing

board.

Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 12.What does the man think of doing?

A)Taking a vacation abroad.B)Reviewing for his last exam.C)Finding a better way to earn money.D)Saving enough money for a rainy day.

【答案】A

【难度】较低

【详解】对话中男士问女士，\"Doyou think we should take a holiday overseas to relax and have fun?\他们去海外

度假，放松一下玩一玩怎么样。也就是说，男士是在想着出国度假。A)Taking a vacation abroad (到国外度假）是对对话中takea holiday overseas (出国度假）的同义转述，故为答案。

【干扰项】B)Reviewing for his last exam为最后一场考试复习；C) Finding a better way to earn money寻找一个

更好的挣钱方法；D) Saving enough money for a rainy day存下足够的钱以备不时之需。对话中仅提

到女士刚结束最后一场考试，故排除B)Reviewing for his last exam为最后一场考试复习；对话中女士询问男士在餐厅打工怎么样，男士回答说很辛苦，但男士并没有提出更好的赚钱法子，故排除C)Finding a better way to earn money寻找一个更好的挣钱方法；对话中提到两人之前都有存钱，但这不

是男士的计划，故排除D)Saving enough money for a rainy day存下足够的钱以备不时之需。

13 . What has the man been doing for the past few months?

A)Preparing for his final exams.C)Helping the woman with her courses.

1me as a waiter.B)Working part f

D)Negotiating with his boss for a raise.

【答案】B

【难度】中等

【详解】对话中男士说，\"I'vesaved my tips from my waiter job these past few months\他过去几个月做服务员的

工作，已经把得到的小费都存起来了。言外之意是男士兼职做服务员，故答案为B)Working part time【干扰项】A)Preparing for his final exams为他的期未考试做准备；C) Helping the woman with her courses帮助

女士学习功课；D) Negotiating with his boss for a raise与他的老板就加薪进行谈判。对话中均未提

及，故排除。

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as a waiter。

18

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14.What does the woman say she needs to do before departur切

A)Save enough money.C)Learn a little bit of Spanish.

B)Finish her term paper.D)Ask her parents'pem郎sion.

【答案】A【难度】较低

【详解】对话中女士说，\"butI might need to earn a little more before we go\他们出发之前她可能还需要再多挣

一点。由此可知，在他们出之发前女士需要存够钱。A)Save enough money, 攒够钱，是对对话中信息

”“

的同义转述，故为答案。问题中的departure意为启程，出发，动身，对应对话中的go(离开）。【干扰项】B)Finish her term paper完成她的学期论文；C) Learn a little bit of Spanish学一点西班牙语；D) Ask

her parents'pem邯sion征求她父母的同意。女士仅将Spain(西班牙）定为备选的目的地，并未提及学

习Spanish(西班牙语），故排除C)。B)和D)在录音中未提及，故排除。

15.Why does the woman want to invite Tom?

A)He speaks Spanish fluently.C)He is also eager to go to Spain.

B)He is easy to get along with.D)He has rich sailing experience.

【答案】D

【难度】中等

, 如果汤姆去的【详解】对话中女士说，\"ifTom goes, we could go sailing. He has a lot of experience with boats\"

, 他有丰富的航海经话，他们就可以自己开船。他有丰富的航海经验。D)He has rich sailing experience

验，是对对话中信息的同义转述，其中的rich(丰富的）对应对话中的alot of(许多）；sailing(航海）对应with boats(行船）。

【干扰项】A)He speaks Spanish fluently他西班牙语讲得流利；B) He is easy to get along with他很容易相处；

C)He is also eager to go to Spain他也很想去西班牙。对话中女士建议去西班牙，或者任何更便宜的

地方，没有提到西班牙语或汤姆也想去西班牙，故排除A)和C)。B)在录音中未提及，故排除。

冈罚臂可4

Passage One

Most people know Marie Curie was the first woman to win the Nobel Prize, and the first person to win it twice. However, (16) few eo le know that she was also the mother of a Nobel Prize winner.

Irene Curie was born on September 12 , 17. At the age of ten , Irene's talents and interest in mathematics were apparent. Irene entered Sorbonne University in October, 1914 to prepare for a degree in mathematics and physics. When World War I began, she left Sorbonne University to help her mother, who was using X-ray facilities to help save the lives of wounded soldiers. (17) Irene continued this work b develo in X-ra facilities for mili hos itals in France and Bel ium. After the war, she received a血li

medal for her work. In 1918, Irene became

her mother's assistant at the Curie Institute. In December 1924 , Frederic Joliot visited the Institute, where he met Marie Curie. Frederic became one of her assistants and Irene taught him the techniques required to work with radioactivity. Irene and Frederic soon fell in love and got married on October 29, 1926. Their daughter was born in 1927 and their son in 1932. Like her mother, Irene combined family with career. Like her mother, Irene was awarded a Nobel Prize, along with her husband, Frederic, in 1935, for producing new radioactive elements.

(18)Unfortunatel , also like her mother, she develo ed blood cancer because of her ex osure to radiation.Irene Joliot-Curie died on March 17, 1956.

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Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard. 16.What does the speaker say about Marie Curie's daughter?

A)She was also a Nobel Prize winner.B)She won the Nobel Prize two times.

C)She worked as a nurse in the First World War.D)She went to the same university as her mother.

【答案】A

【难度】较低

【详解】短文中提到，\"fewpeople know that she was also the mother of a Nobel Prize winner\" , 很少有人知道，她

（即玛丽·居里）还是个诺贝尔奖获得者的母亲。A)She was also a Nobel Prize winner, 她也是一位诺

贝尔奖获得者是短文中信息的再现，故为答案。本题只是把daughter(女儿）和mother(妈妈）的位置转

换了一下。

【干扰项】B)She won the Nobel Prize two times她（女儿）两次获得诺贝尔奖；C) She worked as a nurse in the

First World War她在第一次世界大战期间担任护士的工作；D) She went to the same university as her mother她与母亲上同一所大学。两次获得诺贝尔奖(winit twice)的是玛丽·居里本人，而不是她女儿，故排除B);录音中提到，一战开始后，居里夫人的女儿帮助母亲usingX-ray facilities to help save the lives of wounded soldiers(使用X光设施救治伤兵），而非当护士，故排除C);录音中未提及居里

夫人就读哪所大学，仅提到她女儿就读索邦大学，故排除D)D) She went to the same university as her mother她与母亲上同一所大学。

17.For what was Irene Curie awarded a military medal?

A)She helped to set up several military hospitals.B)She made donations to save wounded soldiers.C)She fought bravely in a series of military operations.D)She developed X-ray facilities for military hospitals.

【答案】D

【难度】较低

【详解】短文中提到，\"Irenecontinued this work by developing X-ray facilities for military hospitals in France and

Belgium. A仕erthe war, she received a military medal for her work. \" , 艾琳继续了这一工作，在法国和比

利时的战地医院开发X光设施。战争结束后，她因此获得了一枚军事奖章。D)She developed X-ray facilities for military hospitals , 她（艾琳）为战地医院开发X光设备，是短文中信息的再现，故为答案。

【干扰项】A)She helped to set up several military hospitals她帮助建立了几所战地医院；B) She made donations to save wounded soldiers她为救助伤兵捐款；C) She fought bravely in a series of military operations她

在一系列军事行动中英勇战斗。录音中仅提到艾琳developingX-ray facilities for military hospitals （为战地医院开发X光设施），并未提及她帮助建立战地医院，故排除A)。B)和C)录音中均未提及，故排除。

18.In what way were Marie and Irene similar?

A)Both won military medals.C)Both fought in World War I .

B)Both died of blood cancer.D)Both married their assistants.

【答案】B【难度】中等

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【详解】短文中提到，\"Unfortunately,also like her mother, she developed blood cancer because of her exposure to

radiation. Irene Joliot-Curie died on March 17, 1956. \", 不幸的是，还是与她的母亲一样，由于接触放射

物，艾琳罹患血癌。艾琳·约里奥－居里卒于1956年3月17日。B)Both died of blood cancer , (母女俩）都死于血癌，是对短文中信息的同义转述，其中的both(两者都）对应短文中的alsolike her mother （和她妈妈一样）。

【干扰项】A)

Both won military medals

她们俩都获得了军事奖章；C) Both fought in World War I她们俩都在

第一次世界大战中投入战斗；D) Both married their assistants她们俩都嫁给了各自的助手。录音中未提及玛丽·居里获得了军事奖章，故排除A)。录音中仅提到居里夫人和女儿在一战中使用X光设备救助伤兵，未提及她们参与战斗，故排除C)。只有艾德琳是和母亲的助手结婚，故排除D)。

Passage Two

Have you ever heard of the Vikings? They were sea travelers from Norway. More than 1,000 years ago, they made three important geographical discoveries. (19) The Vikin s'frrst ma·or discove

occurred in the ninth

century. A man called Nadod was on his way from Norway to the Faroe Islands, north of England when his ship was caught in a storm. The storm blew the ship west for several days. (19) When the weather cleared Nadod found himself on the coast of a new land. Later, a Vikin traveler named it Iceland. In 982, a Viking called Erik the Red sailed west in search of new land. Five hundred miles west of Iceland, (20) he and his men reached an icy rocky mass of land. The sailed around it until the reached the western side. Here, the found some

een areas, so the

named the island Greenland. Then, in 1001 , the Vikings made their most important discovery. The son of Erik the Red , named Leif Erikson , had heard rumors about land west of Greenland. He sailed west and soon found it. He and his men landed in three places. They called the first one Helluland, which means land of flat stones. The Vikings then sailed south and made their second landing. They named this place Markland. The third landing was at a place they called Vinland. Leif Erikson and his men were the first Europeans to walk on the shores of North America, almost 500 years earlier than Columbus.

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard. 19. What do we learn about the Vikings?

A)They settled on a small island north of England. B)They discovered Iceland in the ninth century. C)They were the conquerors of Norway.D) They were the fast settlers in Europe.

【答案】B【难度】较低

【详解】短文中提到，\"The

Vikings'fast major discovery occurred in the ninth century…When the weather cleared ,

Nadod found himself on the coast of a new land. Later, a V脰ngtraveler named it Iceland. \" ,维 京人的笫

天放晴的时候，纳多德发现自己靠近一片新土地的沿岸。之后，一位维

们在公元九世纪发现了京人航海者将其命名为冰岛。B)They discovered Iceland in the ninth century ,他

后来的冰岛，是短文中信息的再现，故为答案。

【干扰项】A)They settled on a small island north of England他们在英格兰以北的一座小岛上定居；C)They were

the conquerors of Norway他们是挪威的征服者；D) They were the first settlers in Europe他们是最早

在欧洲定居的人。A)是依据录音中的theFaroe Islands, north of England(英格兰以北，法罗群岛）设置的干扰项，短文中提到一名维京人从挪威驶向英格兰以北的法罗群岛的途中遭遇风暴，船被吹向西好几天而到了冰岛，并未到达英格兰以北的小岛，故排除。录音中提到维京人是sea

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一次重大发现发生在九世纪。

travelers (航海

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者）from Norway, 而不是theconquerors (征服者）of Norway, 故排除C)。D)在录音中未提及，故排除。

20.What does the passage say about Greenland?A)It was covered with green most time of the year.B)It was the Vikings'most important discovery.C)It was a rocky mass of land covered with ice.D)It was some five hundred miles west of Norway.【答案】C【难度】中等

【详解】短文中提到，\"heand his men reached an icy rocky mass of land. They sailed around it until they reached

the western side. Here, they found some green areas, so they named the island Greenland\" , 他和他的队伍

抵达了一片多冰、多石的土地。他们围绕这片土地航行，一直到达它的西侧。在那里，他们发现了一些拥有绿色的区域，他们因此将该岛命名为格陵兰岛。C)It was a rocky mass of land covered with ice, 抵达了一片多冰、多石的土地，是对短文中信息的同义转述，其中的was…coveredwith ice (冰层覆盖）对应短文中的icy(结满冰的）。

A)It was covered with green most time of the year它一年中大部分时间都被绿色覆盖着；B) It was 【干扰项】

the Vikings'most important discovery它是维京人最蜇要的发现；D) It was some five hundred miles

west of Norway它位于挪威以西约500英里处。录音中仅提到格陵兰岛的thewestern side (西侧）有some green areas (一些绿色区域），A)与原文不符，故排除。录音中提到，在发现格陵兰岛后的1001年，维京人才有了他们最重要的发现，故排除B)。格陵兰岛位于冰岛以北500英里处，而非挪威以西500英里，故排除D)。

21.What does the speaker mainly talk about?A)The Vikings'everyday life.C)The making of European nations.【答案】B【难度】中等

【详解】短文一开始就介绍了维京人是seatravelers from Norway(来自挪威的航海者），这个信息很关键，短文

主题的部分信息已经给出来了。短文接着详细介绍了维京人的三次重大地理发现：第一次发现Iceland（冰岛），笫二次发现Greenland(格陵兰岛），第三次发现Helluland(赫鲁兰），Markland(马克兰）和Vinland(文兰）。由此可推断，说话人主要讲的是维京人的海洋探险，故答案为B)The Vikings'ocean explorations.。

A)The Vikings'everyday life维京人的日常生活；C) The making of European nations欧洲国家的形【干扰项】

成；D) The Europeans'Arctic discoveries欧洲人在北极地区的发现。均不符合原文，故排除。Passage Three

Where do you think you'll be in ten years? It's difficult to know exactly where you'll be and what you'll be doing. (22) Everyone dreams about the future. You might imagine the job you'll get when you finish school. You may daydream about meeting your life partner or living in a big house by the sea. In my dreams, I would have twins: a boy and a girl. We would live in a large, two-story house with floors and a st血casemade of wood. Now, at the age of 46, I look back on those dreams and smile. Things haven't turned out exactly as I imagined, (23)四I wouldn't chan e what I have now for that ima inar world. (24) In college, I studied international business and planned to enter law school. In my third year of university, I realized that I didn't want to become a lawyer.

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B)The Vikings'ocean explorations.D)The Europeans'Arctic discoveries.

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Instead, I chose to become a language teacher. I did get married, but had more than two children. We had five. Do I live in the dream house with wooden floors? No, I don't. But I love my home, and I wouldn't want to live in any other place. I believe that as a young person, it's important to dream and make plans. However, it's also important to realize that not all of your plans will turn out exactly as you wish. (25) One of the biggest lessons I've learned in life is this: Be happy with what you have.

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard. 22.What does the speaker think everyone tends to do?

A)Dream about the future.C)Work hard for a better life.【答案】A【难度】较低

【详解】说话人在短文中提到，\"Everyonedreams about the future\每个人都会幻想未来。接下来说话人谈到一

, 对些人和自己对未来的幻想。由此可知，说话人认为每个人都会幻想未来，A)Dream about the future

未来的幻想，是短文中信息的再现，故为答案。

【干扰项】B)Save against a rainy day存钱以备不时之需；C) Work hard for a better life为更好的生活而努力奋

斗；D) Make mistakes now and then不时犯错。录音中均未提及，故排除。23.What does the speaker say he would refuse to do?

A) Dwell on the dreams he had dreamed when young.B)Exchange his two-story house for a beach cottage.C)Change what he has for his past imaginary world.D)Teach foreign languages for the rest of his life.【答案】C

【难度】中等

【详解】说话人在短文中提到，\"butI wouldn't change what I have now for that imaginary world\他不会用他现

在拥有的东西去换那个想象中的世界。C)Change what he has for his past imaginary world, 用现在拥有的东西去换那个想象中的世界，是短文中信息的再现，故为答案。

【干扰项】A)Dwell on the dreams he had dreamed when young沉迷于他年轻时的梦想；B) Exchange his two­

story house for a beach cottage用他两层的房子换一间海滩小屋；D) Teach foreign languages for the

rest of his life用余生教授外国语言。A)和D)在录音中均未提及，故排除。在作者想象中自己会住在一座two-storyhouse(两层的大房子）里，事实上并没有，所以不存在用两层房子换海滩小屋的情况，故排除B)Exchange his two-story house for a beach cottage用他两层的房子换一间海滩小屋。

24.What did the speaker major in during the first two years of college?

A)Criminal law.

C)International business.【答案】C【难度】较低

, 在大【详解】说话人在短文中提到，\"Incollege, I studied international business and planned to enter law school. \"

学时他学的是国际商务，并且计划上法学院。但是在大三的时候，他意识到他并不想成为一名律师。

International business , 国际商务，是短文中信息的再现，故为答案，同时可排除强干扰项A)Criminal C) law刑法。

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B)Save against a rainy day.D)Make mistakes now and then.

B)City planning.D)Oriental architecture.

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【干扰项】A)Criminal law刑法；B) City planning城市规划；D) Oriental architecture东方建筑。在录音中均未

提及，故排除。

25.What is one of the biggest lessons the speaker has learned in his life?

A)Take things easy in life.C)Enjoy whatever you are doing.【答案】D【难度】较低

【详解】说话人在短文中提到，\"Oneof the biggest lessons I've learned in life is this: Be happy with what you

have.\", 他在人生中得到的最重要的教训之一就是：为自己拥有的感到快乐。D)Be content with what

you have, 满足于自己所拥有的，是对短文中信息的同义转述，其中的content满足对应短文中的happy

感到快乐。

【干扰项】A)Take things easy in life在人生中从容不迫；B) Dream and make plans有梦想并做计划；C) Enjoy

whatever you are doing享受你所做的一切。均不符合原文，故排除。

B)Dream and make plans.D)Be content with what you have.

Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)

仁开吓干享｀

【原文（译）】

A rat or pigeon might not be the obvious choice to tend to someone who is sick, but these creatures have some (26)skills that could help the treatment of human diseases.

很明显，人们大概不会选择老鼠或鸽子来照顾病人，但是这两种生物具备某些能够有助于治疗人类疾病的(26)皇越的技能。

Pigeons are often seen as diry birds and an urban (27) , but they are just the latest in a long line of animals that have been fund to have abilities to help humans. Despite having as brain no bigger than the? (28) of your index finger, pigeons have a very impressive (29) memory. Recently it was shown that they could be trained to be as accurate as humans at detecting breast cancer in images.

鸽子往往被视为肮脏的鸟类以及城市里一种(27)令人讨厌的东西，但是在已经发现的有能力帮助人类的许许多多动物当中，鸽子是最新被发现的一种。尽管鸽子脑部的大小不超过你的食指(28)尖端，但是鸽子的(29)视觉记忆的确令人赞叹。最近有证据显示，经过训练，鸽子根据图像检查乳腺癌的精确度与人类相当。

Rats are often (30) with sprea山ng山seaserather than (31) it, but this long-tailed animal is highly (32). actoryreceptors (嗅觉感受器），whereashumans only have , 000 different types of olf Inside a rat's nose are up to 1

100 to 200 types. This gives rats the ability to detect (33) smells. As a result, some rats are being put to work to detect TB (肺结核）. When the rats detect the smell, they stop and rub their legs to (34) a sample is infected. 老鼠通常是与传播疾病(30)相关的，而并非(31)匮苞疾病，但是这种长着长尾巴的动物是高度(32)塾盛

笆。在一只老鼠的鼻子里，就存在若多达1000种不同类型的嗅觉感受骈，而人类只有100到200种。这使得老鼠能够察觉(33)轻鳖韵气味。因此，一些老鼠被用来检查肺结核。如果老鼠发现了（肺结核的）气味，它会停下来摩擦四肢，以此(34)表明这份样本已受感染。

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Traditionally, a hundred samples would take lab tee血iciansmore than two days to (35) , but for a rat it takes less than 20 minutes. This rat detection method doesn't rely on specialist equipment. It is also more accurate—the rats are able to find more TB infect10ns and therefore save more hves.

按着传统，一百份样本需要实验室技术人员花费两天以上的时间完成(35)检查，但是老鼠用不了20分钟就能检查完。这种老鼠检查法不依赖任何专业设备，而且更加精确从而拯救更多的生命。26.K) superior。形容词辨析

【语法分析】空前的形容词some和空后的名词skills提示，本空应填形容词，故A)associated,H) sensitive,

,N ) treated和O)visual入选。, K) superior L) suspicious I)slight,

【语意分析】所填形容词和some一起修饰skills提示，只有K)superior(卓越的，优良的）符合要求，故为答案。第二段中的veryimpressive和第三段中的highly也对superior的选择起提示作用。A)associated (相

关的，相联系的），H)sensitive(敏感的，灵敏的），I)slight(轻微的，细小的，微不足道的），L)suspicious (猜疑的；可疑的；表示怀疑的），N)treated(巳处理过的）和O)visual(视觉的，视力的）均与语义不符，故排除。27.D) nuisance。名词辨析

,E ) peak, 【语法分析】空前的anurban和空后的逗号提示，本空应填名词，故D)nuisance I) slight和M)tip

入选。【语意分析】and连接前后褒贬意思一致的并列成分，由and前的曲tybirds可知，本空应填表示贬义的名词，故答案为D)nuisance (令人讨厌的东西＜或状况、行为＞，讨厌的人）。E)peak(尖端，尖顶），I)slight（轻视，貌视）和M)tip(尖端，未端，顶端）均为中性词，与语义不符，故排除。28.M) tip。名词辨析

,I ) slight和M)tip入选。【语法分析】空前的定冠词the和空后的介词of提示，本空应填名词，故E)peak 【语意分析】空后的ofyour index finger提示，本空只能填tip'故答案为M)

0

老鼠能够发现更多的肺结核感染情况，

the tip of the finger为习惯表

“””

达意为指尖。E)peak(尖端，尖顶）干扰性最强，但它强调的是在某物表面上或顶部形成的一个点\"'与语义不符，故排除。I)slight(轻视，貌视）也与语义不符，故排除。

29.O) visual。形容词辨析

, H)【语法分析】空前的avery impressive和空后的名词memory提示，本空应填形容词，故A)associated

sensitive, N) treated和0)visual入选。L) suspicious, I) slight,

【语意分析】巾下一旬中的beas accurate as humans at detecting breast cancer in images可知，detecting(察觉，发现）和images(图像，影像）与所填词构成同一语义场，故答案为O)visual(视觉的，视力的）。A)

associated(相关的，相联系的），H)sensitive(敏感的，灵敏的），I)slight(轻微的，细小的，微不足道的），L)suspicious (猜疑的；可疑的；表示怀疑的）和N)treated(已处理过的）均与语义不符，故排除。

30.A) associated。形容词辨析

【语法分析】空前的动词are和空后的介词with提示，本空应填形容词或动词的分词形式，故A)associated,F) preventing, G) prohibiting, H) sensitive, I) slight,L) suspicious和N)treated入选。

【语意分析】空后的介词with提示，所填词应与其构成固定搭配，故只有A)associated(相关的，相联系的）符合要求，为答案。F)preventing(预防，防止），G)prohibiting (<法律或掌权者＞禁止，不准，不允许），H)sensitive(敏感的，灵敏的），I)slight(轻微的，细小的，微不足道的），L)suspicious (猜疑的；可疑的；表示怀疑的）和N)treated(已处理过的）均尤法满足搭配要求，也与语义不符，故排除。

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preventing。动词辨析31. F)

【语法分析】ratherthan为并列连词，连接的两个成分在形式上要保持一致。由ratherthan前的spreading邮ease和空后的it提示，本空应填动名词，故F)preventing和G)prohibiting入选。

【语意分析】空后的it指代disease,用disease作宾语的只能是F)preventing(预防，防止），故为答案。G)prohibiting (<法律或掌权者＞禁止，不准，不允许）与disease不搭配，故排除。

32. H) sensitive。形容词辨析

【语法分析】空前的ishighly和空后的旬号提示，本空应填形容词，故H)sensitive,!) slight,L) suspicious和N)treated入选。

【语意分析】由下一旬中的具体数字对比(1,000和100to 200)可知，老鼠是高度敏感的，故H)sensitive （敏感的，灵敏的）符合语义，故为答案。I)slight(轻微的，细小的，微不足道的），L)suspicious (猜疑的；可和N)treated(已处理过的）均与语义不符，故排除。疑的；表示怀疑的）33.I) slight。形容词辨析

, L) suspicious和【语法分析】空前的动词detect和空后的名词smells提示，本空应填形容词，故I)slight treated入选。N)

【语意分析】前两句分别用highly(32) ??? 和具体的数字1,000山fferenttypes of o(fi沉toryreceptors比较人和老鼠的鼻子对气味的敏感度，发现老鼠的鼻子对气味高度敏感，据此可以推断出老鼠能够察觉类的鼻子

人类无法察觉的轻微的气味，故I)slight(轻微的，细小的，微不足道的）符合语义，故为答案。L)suspicious和N)treated(已处理过的）均与语义不符，故排除。（猜疑的；可疑的；表示怀疑的）34. C) indicate。动词辨析

C)【语法分析】空前的stop…to和空后的asample提示，本空应填及物动词的原形，故B)examine, indicate和J)specify入选。

【语意分析】该旬中when引导的从旬说明老鼠察觉（肺结核的）气味后的反应，即theystop and rub their legs。它们以此行为来表明样本已受感染，因此本空所填词应表示表明之意，故答案为C)indicate (表和J)specify(明确说明，具体指定）均与语义不符，故排除。明，示意）。B)examine(检查，诊察）35. B) examine。动词辨析

【语法分析】空前的sampleswould take more than two days to提示，本空应填及物动词的原形，故B)examine和J)specify入选。

【语意分析】根据常识也可知，样本是需要实验室技术人员花费两天多的时间来检查，而不是明确说明，也不是具体指定，故答案为B)examine(检查，诊察）。J)specify(明确说明，具体指定）与语义不符，故排除。

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［原文（译）】

课堂考试能让学生更加努力吗？

Research suggests they may study more broadlfor the unexpected rather than search for answers 研究显示，为了应对预想不到的问题而不是寻找答案，学生学习的范围可能更广。

44) So it ma seem rather stran e that I have returned to colle e to finish A) I have always been a poor test-taker. (

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the degree I left undone some four decades ago. I am making my way through Columbia University, surrounded by students who quickly supply the verbal answer while I am still processing the question.

A)我向来在考试中发挥不好。(44)因此我已回到大学去完成大约四十年前丢下的学位这件事似乎有些奇

邕我在哥伦比亚大学辛苦求学，我还在理解问题的时候，我身边的同学已经迅速给出了门头答案。Since there is no way for me to avoid exams, I am currently questioning what kind are the most taxing andB)

ultimately beneficial. I have already sweated through numerous in-class midterms and finals, (40) and now Ihave a rofessor who issues take-home ones. I was excited when I learned this , figuring I had a full week to dothe research , read the texts , and write it all up. In fact, I was still rewriting my midterm the morning it wasdue. To say I had lost the thread is putting it mildly.

B)鉴于我不可能逃避考试，我目前正在斟酌哪种考试最费力、哪种最终有益。在熬过尤数课堂期中考试和期

末考试之后，(40)我现在遇到了一位安排课外考试的教授。我得知教授的安排之后感到兴奋，因为我觉得自己有整整一个星期的时间来进行研究、阅读文本和写下所有答案。事实上，我在考试截止的当天上午仍在改写我的期中试卷。说我找不到头绪是很委婉的说法了。

C) As I was suffering through my week of anxiety, overthinking the material and guessing my grasp of it, I did

some of my own polling among students and professors. (38) David Eisenbach, who teaches a popular class onU. S.

residents at Columbia , refers the in-class varlet . He believes students ultimate! learn more and

encourages them to form study groups. \"That way they socialize over history outside the class, which wouldn'thappen without the pressure of an in-class exam,\" he explained. \"Furthermore, in-class exams force students tolearn how to perform under pressure, an essential work skill. \"

C)在遭受焦虑的煎熬、对材料思考过度和猜测对材料的理解情况的这个星期，我在学生和教授中间进行了自

己的一些调查。(38)在哥伦比亚大学教关于美国总统的一热门课程的大卫·艾森倾向于课堂考试。他认为课堂考试最终能让学生学到更多，他鼓励学生建立学习小组。这样一来，他们会在课堂之外以历史为主题进行社交，而如果没有课堂考试的压力，他们就不会这样做。他解释道，此外，课堂考试迫使学生学习如何在压力之下完成任务，这是一项必要的工作技能。

He also sa s there is less chance of cheatin with the in-class variet . In 2012, 125 students at HarvardD) (39)

were caught up in a scandal when it was discovered they had cheated on a皿e-homeexam for a class entitled\"Introduction To Congress. \" Some colleges have what they call an \"honor code,\" though if you are smartenough to get into these schools , you are either smart enough to get around any codes or hopefully, too ethical toconsider doing so. As I sat blocked and clueless for two solid days, I momentarily wondered if I couldn't justcall an expert on the subject matter which I was tackling, or someone who took the class previously, to get megoing.

D) (39)他还表示，进行课堂考试，学生作弊的可能性更低。2012年，125名哈佛大学的学生陷入丑闻，因为他

们在课程的名字叫作国会简介的一次课外考试中作弊时被逮到。尽管你足够聪明而被这些学校录取了，但是这些大学制定了所谓的荣誉准则，你要么就聪明到足以规避任何准则，要么就像人们希望的那样，很讲道德地根本不考虑规避准则。整整两天，我都一筹莫展、毫尤头绪，我有时就想：不如找一个我正在应付的这个主题的领域里的专家或是之前上过这个课的什么人来帮我一把。

E) Following the Harvard scandal, Mary Miller, the former dean of students at Yale, made an impassioned appeal

to her school's professors to refrain from take-home exams. \"(37) Students risk health and well being, as wellas erformance in other end-of-term work when facult offers take-home exams without clear time-limited

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boundaries,\" she told me. \"Research now shows that regular quizzes, short essays, and other assignments over the course of a term better enhance learning and retention. \"

E)在哈佛的丑闻发生之后，耶鲁大学前任教务长玛丽·米勒激情彰湃地呼吁全校教授不要采取课外考试的形式。\"(37)如果教师给学生布置了没有明确的限时范围的课外考试学生的身心和在其他期末任务中的表现都将受影响。她这样告诉我，“现在的研究显示，在整个学期中，定期测验、小论文和其他作业能更好地增强学习和记忆。

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F) (43) Most colle e rofessors a ree the kind of exam the choose lar el de ends on the sub·ect. A quantitative­based one, for example, is unlikely to be sent home, where one could ask their older brothers and sisters tohelp. Vocational-type classes, such as computer science or journalism, on the other hand, are often moreresearch-oriented and lend themselves to take-home testing. Chris Koch, who teaches \"History of BroadcastJournalism\" at Montgomery Community College in Rockville, Maryland, points out that reporting is aboutmvest:1gat10n rather than the memorization of mmute details.

In my field 1t s not what you know—1t s what

you know how to find out, \" says Koch. \"There is way too much information, and more coming all the time, foranyone to remember. I want my students to search out the answers to questions by using all the resourcesavailable to them. \"

F)(43)大多数大学教授都认为，他们选择什么类型的考试主要取决于什么类型的科目。例如，以量化为基础的科目的考试就不太可能让学生带回家做，因为学生可以向哥哥和姐姐求助。而职业型课程，例如计算机科学或新闻学，常常更多地以研究为中心，可以采用课外考试的形式。在马里兰州罗克维尔市的蒙哥马利社区学院教广播新闻学史的克里斯·科赫指出，报道关乎涸查而不是记住微小的细节。在我的领域，重要的不是你知道什么，而是你知道如何找出答案，“科赫说道。“信息太多了，而且会越来越多，任何人都不可能都记住那么多信息。我希望我的学生能够利用可供使用的所有资源找到问题的答案。

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G) (42) Students'test-form preferences vary, too, often depending on the subject and course difficulty. \"I prefer

take-home essays because it is then really about the writing, so you have time to edit and do more research,\"says Elizabeth Dresser, a junior at Barnard. Then there is the stress factor. Francesca Haass , a senior atMiddlebury, says, \"I find the m-class ones are more stressful m the short term · but there is immediate rehef asyou swallow information like mad, and then you get to forget it all. Take-homes require thoughtful engagementwhich can lead to longer term stress as there is never a moment when the time is up. \" Meanwhile, OliviaRubin, a sophomore at Emory, says she hardly even considers take-homes true exams. \"If you understand thematerial and have the ability to articulate (说出）your thoughts, they should be a breeze. \"

G) (42)学生们对测试形式的偏好也各有不同，这常常取决于科目和课程的难易程度。“我更喜欢带回家做的

论文，因为这样才是真的关乎写作，你有时间来编辑和进行更多的研究，“巴纳德学院的大三学生伊丽莎白·德雷瑟说道。此外，其中也有压力的因素。米德尔伯里学院的大四学生弗朗西斯卡·哈斯说：＂我认为课堂考试在短期内让人更有压力，但是，当你像疯了似地吸收信息之后，你就会立即放松，之后就可以把它忘得一干二净。而课外考试需要绩密的思考，这可能导致更为长期的压力，因为永远没有时间到的那一刻。不过，埃默里大学的大二学生奥利维亚·鲁宾表示，她几乎不把课外考试视作真正的考试。“如果你理解材料并且有能力把你的想法表达出来，考试应当是件轻而易举的事情。

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H) How students ultimately handle tests may depend on their personal test-taking abilities. (41) There are people

who alwa s wait until the last minute and make it much harder than it needs to be. And then there are those who, not knowing what questions are coming at them, and having no resources to refer to, can freeze. And then there are we rare folks who fit both those descriptions.

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H)学生最终如何应对测试可能取决于个人的应试能力。(41)有人永远等到最后一刻，并导致考试变得比实

际的难度更大。也有人不知道他们面对的问题是什么，也没有可以参考的资源，他们可能会僵在那里。还有像我们这样的符合以上两种描述的稀有人群。

I)Yes, (36) m advanced a e must factor into the e uation (等式），inart because of m inabilit to access theinformation as quickly. As another returning student at Columbia, Kate Marber, told me, \"We are learning notonly all this information, but essentially how to learn again. Our fellow students have just come out of highschool. A lot has changed since we were last in school. \"

I)是的，(36)我的高龄因素必须要考虑进去，因为在某种程度上我尤法快速获取信息。作为哥伦比亚大学另

一

位重返校园的学生，凯特·马伯告诉我：＂我们学习的不只是所有这些信息，从根本上讲学习的是如何重

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新学习。我们的同学们刚刚高中毕业。而从我们上一次在学校读书到现在已经发生了许多变化。J)If nothing else, the situation has given my college son and me something to share. When I asked his opinion onthis matter, he responded, (45) \"I like in-class exams because the time is alread reserved, as o osed to usinmy free time at home to work on a test, \" he responded. It seems to me that a compromise would be receiving theexam questions a day or two in advance, and then doing the actual test in class with the ticking clock overhead.J)至少，在这种情况下，我和正在读大学的儿子有了一些可以分享的东西。当我询问他关于这件事的看法时，

他是这样回答的：(45) \"我喜欢课堂考试，因为考试时间巳经被预留了出来，不（像课外考试那样）占用我在家的自由时间来完成一项测试。在我看来，如果存在一种折中的办法，那可能就是：提前一两天收到考试题目，之后在教室里伴随头顶滴答作响的时钟进行实际的测验。

K)Better yet, how about what one Hunter College professor reportedly did recently for her final exam: She

encouraged the class not to stress or even study, promising that, \"It is going to be a piece of cake.\" When thestudents came in, sharpened pencils in hand, there was not a blue book in sight. Rather, they saw a largechocolate cake and they each were given a slice.

K)更好的是，采用据说是亨特学院的一位教授最近在她的期未考试上采用的办法：她鼓励学生不要有压力，甚

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至不要学习，她保证考试会是小莱一碟。当学生们手握削好的铅笔走进教室时，他们没有看到答题用的空白蓝皮簿。相反，他们看到了一个超大的巧克力蛋糕，于是他们每人分到了一小碟蛋糕。36.Elderly students find it hard to keep up with the rapid changes in education.

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【译文】年纪大的学生发觉很难跟上教育领域内的快速变化。

【定位】elderlystudents与I)段开头的manyadvanced age近义，故将本题出处定位于I)段。

【详解】I)。I)段笫l句提到，我的高龄因素必须要考虑进去，因为在某种程度上我无法快速获取信息。结

合上下文可推断出，年纪大的学生应该是发觉很难跟上教育领域内的快速变化。题目是对第1句

; hard对应inability;keep up with对应信息的推断，其中的elderly对应该句中的advancedage

access; rapid对应quickly。

37.Some believe take-home exams may affect students'performance in other courses.

【译文】有人认为课外考试可能会影响学生在其他课程中的表现。

【定位】根据题目中的take-homeexams, students'performance和inother将本题出处定位于E)段。【详解】E)。E)段笫2句提到，如果教师给学生布置了没有明确的限时范围的课外考试，学生的身心和在其

他期末任务中的表现都将受影响。由此可知，有人认为课外考试可能会影响学生在其他课程中的表现。题目是对笫2句信息的同义转述，其中的othercourses对应该句中的otherend-of-term work。

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38.Certain professors believe in-class exams are ultimately more helpful to students.

【译文】某些教授认为课堂考试最终对学生更有帮助。

【定位】根据题目中的believe,in-class, ultimately, more和students将本题出处定位于C)段。

【详解】C)。C)段第2、3句提到，在哥伦比亚大学教关于美国总统的一热门课程的大卫·艾森倾向

于课堂考试。他认为，课堂考试最终能让学生学到更多……由此可知，某些教授认为课堂考试最终对学生更有帮助。题目是对第2、3句信息的概括推断。

39.In-class exams are believed to discourage cheating in exams.

【译文】课堂考试被认为能够阻止考试中作弊。

【定位】根据题目中的in-class和cheating将本题出处定位于D)段。

【详解】D)。D)段笫1句提到，他还表示，进行课堂考试，学生作弊的可能性更低。由此可知，课堂考试被

认为能够阻止考试中作弊。题目是对第1句信息的同义转述，其中的arebelieved to对应该句中的says ; discourage对应thereis less chance of。

40.The author was happy to learn she could do some exams at home.

【译文】作者高兴地得知她可以在家里完成某些考试。

【定位】根据题目中的learn和home将本题出处定位于B)段。

【详解】B)。B)段笫2、3句提到，……我现在遇到了一位安排课外考试的教授。我知道教授的安排之后

感到兴奋……。由此可知，作者高兴地得知她可以在家里完成某些考试。题目是对笫2、3句信息的同义转述，其中的happy对应第3句中的excited;some exams at home对应第2句中的take-homeones。

41.Students who put off their work until the last moment often find the exams more difficult than they actually are.

【译文】把任务拖到最后一刻的学生往往发现考试比实际的更难。

【定位】根据题目中的who, until the last和than将本题出处定位于H)段。

【详解】H)。H)段笫2句提到，有人永远等到最后一刻，并导致考试变得比实际的难度更大。由此可知，

把任务拖到最后一刻的学生往往发现考试比实际的更难。题目是对笫2句信息的同义转述，其中的putoff their work until the last moment对应该句中的waituntil the last minute; more difficult than they actually are对应muchharder than it needs to be。

42.Different students may prefer different types of exams.

【译文】不同的学生可能偏好不同的考试类刮。

【定位】根据题目中的students和prefer将本题出处定位于G)段。

【详解】G)。G)段第1句提到，学生们对测试形式的偏好也各有不同。由此可知，不同的学生可能偏好不

同的考试类型。题目是对笫1句信息的同义转述，其中出现的两个different对应该句中的vary;

types of exams对应test-form。

43.Most professors agree whether to give an in-class or a take-home exam depends on the type of course being

taught.

【译文】大多数教授一致认为，无论采用课堂考试还是课外考试都取决于所教授课程的类型。【定位】根据题目中的mostprofessors agree和examdepends on将本题出处定位于F)段。

【详解】F)。F)段笫l句提到，大多数大学教授都认为，他们选择什么类型的考试主要取决于什么类型的

科目。由此可知，大多数教授一致认为，无论采用课堂考试还是课外考试都取决于所教授课程的

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类型。题目是对笫l句信息的同义转述其中的thetype of course being taught对应该句中的thesubject。

44.The author dropped out of college some forty years ago.

【译文】作者大约四十年前从大学辍学。

【定位】根据题目中的college和someforty years ago将本题出处定位于A)段。

【详解】A)。A)段笫2句提到，因此，我已回到大学去完成大约四十年前丢下的学位这件事似乎有些奇

怪。由此可知，作者大约四十年前从大学辍学。题目是对笫2句信息的简单推断，其中的fortyyears对应该句中的fourdecades。45.Some students think take-home exams will eat up their free time.

【译文】有些学生认为课外考试会耗尽他们的自由时间。【定位】根据题目中的freetime将本题出处定位于J)段。

【详解】J)。J)段笫2句提到作者上大学的儿子对课堂考试和课外考试的看法：＂我喜欢课堂考试，因为考

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试时间已经被预留了出来，不（像课外考试那样）占用我在家的自由时间来完成一项测试。由此可

知，有些学生认为课外考试会占用他们的自由时间。题目是对笫2句信息的同义转述，其中的eatup对应该句中的using。

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That people often experience trouble sleeping in a different bed in unfamiliar surroundings is a phenomenon known as the \"fast-night\" effect. If a person stays in the same room the following night they tend to sleep more soundly. Yuk:a Sasaki and her colleagues at Brown University set out to investigate the origins of this effect.

人们躺在陌生环境中不同的床上常感到难以入眠，这种现象被称作第一晚效应。如果一个人在接下来的数晚都睡在同一个房间，他就容易睡得更香。布朗大学的佐佐木勇香和她的同事们着手调查这种效应的根源。

(46)Dr. Sasaki knew the first-ni ht effect robabl has somethin to do with how humans evolved. Theuzzle was what benefit would be ained from it when erformance mi ht be affected the followin da . (47) She also knew from revious work conducted on birds and dol hins that these animals ut half of their brains to slee at a time so that the can rest while remainin alert enou h to avoid redators 捕食者）. This led her to wonder if people might be doing the same thing. (48) To take a closer look, her team studied 35 health eo le as the sle t in the unfamiliar environment of the universit's De artment of Ps cholo ical Sciences. The artici ants each sle t in the de artment for two ni hts and were carefull monitored with techni ues that looked at the activit of their brains. Dr. Sasaki found, as expected, the participants slept less well on their first night than they did on their second, taking more than twice as long to fall asleep and sleeping less overall. During deep sleep , the participants'brains behaved in a similar manner seen in birds and dolphins. On the first night only, the left hem区pheres(半球）of their brains did not sleep nearly as deeply as their right hemispheres did.

“”

一晚交应可能与人类进化的方式有关。入人困惑的是以可能影响二天白天的表现为代价究竞能换来什么好处?(47)从先前对鸟类和海豚进行的研究还可以得知这些动物能够让左

木士认为

右脑轮流人睡，为的是在休息的时候另一半大脑能够保持警觉，以躲避捕食者。这使她想知道人类或许是否也

—31—

(46)

“”

是如此。(48)为了进一步观察，她的团队对睡在布朗大学心理学系陌生环境中的35名健康者进行研究。每个参与者在该系睡两晚，其间使用技术严密监测他们的大脑活动。佐佐木博士发现，如预期一样，参与者第一晚没有第二晚睡得好，至少花费平时两倍的时间才入睡，而且总体来说睡得更短。在深度睡眠阶段，参与者的大脑活动与观察到的鸟类和海豚的大脑活动相似。只在第一晚，他们的左脑不如右脑睡眠程度深。

Curious if the left hemispheres were indeed remaining awake to process information detected in the surrounding environment, (49) Dr. Sasaki re-ran the ex eriment while resentin the slee in artici ants with a mix of re ularl timed bee s 蜂鸣声of the same tone and irre ular bee s of a different tone durin the ni ht. (50)汕9worked out that, if the left hemis here was sta in alert to kee to the irre ular bee s b stirrin she found.

ard in a stran e environment, then it would react

eo le from slee and would i nore the re ularl timed ones. This is precisely what

对于左脑是否真的为了处理从环境中获取的信息而保持警觉，佐佐木博士感到好奇，于是(49)她重新进行了实验，在参与者夜间睡眠时向他们同时播放了同一音调的规律蜂鸣声和另一种音调的不规律蜂鸣声。(50)她得出结论，如果左脑的确在保持清醒以警戒陌生环境，那么它会对不规律蜂鸣声做出反应进而把人叫醒，但是会忽略规律的蜂鸣声。这正是她所发现的。

46.What did researchers find puzzling about the first-night effect?

研究者对第一晚效应感到困惑的是什么？

A)To what extent it can trouble people.B)What role it has played in evolution.C)What circumstances may trigger it.D)In what way it can be beneficial.

““

【答案】D

【定位】根据题干中的puzzling和thefast-night effect将本题出处定位于第2段第1、2旬。

““

【详解】笫2段笫l句提到，佐佐木博士认为第一晚效应可能与人类进化的方式有关。接着笫2句提

到，令人困惑的是，以可能影响笫二天白天的表现为代价，究竟能换来什么好处?D)是对笫1、2句信息的同义转述，其中的inwhat way对应笫l句中的how; beneficial对应笫2句中的benefit。

“”

【干扰项】A)\"它对人产生多大程度的困扰是依据第1段第1旬设置的干扰项，但是该旬中只提到第一

”

晚效应困扰躺在陌生环境中不同床上的人入眠，并没有提到困扰的程度(extent),故排除A);

“”

B)\"它在进化过程中扮演什么角色是依据第2段第1旬设詈的干扰项，但是该旬中只提到第

”一

晚效应可能与人类进化的方式有关，并未提及该效应在进化中的作用，故排除B);第1段第

”“

l旬已经说明了第一晚效应产生的条件，因此这并不是研究者感到困惑的，故排除C)\"什么

“

情况可能触发它。

47.What do we learn about Dr. Yuka Sasaki doing her research?

对于佐佐木博士所进行的研究我们了解到什么？

A)She found birds and dolphins remain alert while asleep.B)She found birds and dolphins sleep in much the same way.C)She got some idea from previous studies on birds and dolphins.D)She conducted studies on birds'and dolphins'sleeping patterns.

【答案】C

【定位】根据题干中的Dr.Sasaki将本题出处定位于第2段。

【详解】笫2段笫3、4句提到，从先前对鸟类和海豚进行的研究还可以得知，这些动物能够让左右脑轮流入

—32—

睡，为的是在休息的时候另一半大脑能够保持警觉……，这使她想知道人类或许是否也是如此。由此可知，佐佐木博士从先前对鸟类和海豚的研究中荻得了灵感，C)是对笫3、4句信息的同义转述，其中的gotsome idea对应第3句中的knew; studies对应workconducted。

【干扰项】由第2段第3旬可知，佐佐木博士只是参考了其他人先前对鸟类和海豚睡眠的研究，而鸟类和海

豚在睡眠时保待警觉的现象以及它们睡眠方式的相似性并不是她发现的，也没有对鸟类和海豚睡眠习惯做过研究，她所做的是对人类睡眠的研究，故排除A)\"她发现鸟类和海豚在睡眠中保持警觉\她发现鸟类和海豚睡眠的方式很像和D)\"她对鸟类和海豚的睡眠习惯做过研允。

,-,.....,,

”

48.What did Dr. Sasaki do when she first did her experiment?

一

佐佐木博士第次进行她的实验时做了什么？

A)She monitored the brain activity of participants sleeping in a new environment.

Department of Psychological Sciences.B)She recruited 35 participants from her

C)She studied the differences between the two sides of participants'brains.

D)She tested her findings about birds and dolphins on human subjects.【答案】A

【定位】根据题干中的Dr.Sasaki将本题出处仍定位于第2段。

【详解】笫2段笫5、6句提到，佐佐木博士的团队对睡在布朗大学心理学系陌生环境中的35名健康者进行

研究，每个参与者在该系睡两晚，其间使用技术严密监测他们的大脑活动，A)是第5、6句信息的同义转述，其中的thebrain activity of participants对应第6句中的theactivity of their brains; new对应

第5句中的unfamiliar。

【干扰项】文中未提及参与者来自布朗大学心理学系，以及佐佐木博士研究左右脑的差异，故排除B)\"她

””

从自己所在的心理学系招募了35名参与者和C)\"她研究了参与者左右半脑的差异从第2

段第3旬可知，对鸟类和海豚的研究不是佐佐木博士做的，故排除D)\"她在人类对象上检验了她从鸟类和海豚身上的发现。

49.What did Dr. Sasaki do when re-running her experiment?

佐佐木博士重新进行她的实验时做了什么？

A)She analyzed the negative effect of irregular tones on brains.B)She recorded participants'adaptation to changed environment.C)She exposed her participants to two different stimuli.D)She compared the responses of different participants.

【答案】C

【定位】根据题千中的Dr.Sasaki,re-running和experiment将本题出处定位于第3段第1旬。

一【详解】笫3段笫l句提到，……佐佐木博士重新进行了实验，在参与者夜间睡眠时向他们同时播放了同

“

音调的规律蜂鸣声和另一种音调的不规律蜂鸣声。由此可知，佐佐木博士向参与者提供了两种不

同的刺激，故答案为C)。

【干扰项】A)\"她分析了不规律音调对大脑的负面影响和B)\"她记录了参与者对环境变化的适应情况

者之间的不同反应，故排除D)\"她比较了不同参与者的反应。

Dr. Sasaki find about the participants in her experiment?50.What did

佐佐木博士在她的实验中发现了参与者的什么情况？

—

”

”

”

在文中均未提及，故排除；佐佐木博士是对比了参与者对两种不同刺激的反应，而不是对比参与

33

—

A)They tended to enjoy certain tones more than others.C)They felt sleepy when exposed to regular beeps.

B)They tended to perceive irregular beeps as a threat.D)They differed in their tolerance of irregular tones.

【答案】B

【定位】根据题干中的Dr.Sasaki和find,以及出题顺序将本题出处定位于第3段最后两旬。由第3段最后一句T压sis precisely what she found. 可知，佐佐木博士的实验结论，即find/found的内容在前面一旬。【详解】笫3段倒数笫2句提到，她得出结论，如果左脑的确在保持警觉以警戒陌生环境，那么它会对不规

律蜂鸣声做出反应进而把人叫醒，但是会忽略规律的蜂鸣声。由此可知，实验中参与者倾向于将不规律蜂鸣声当作一种威胁，故答案为B)。

【干扰项]A)\"他们倾向于欣赏某些音调多于另外一些音调\

和D)\"他们对不规律音调的忍耐程度不同在文中均未提及，故排除。

Passage Two

【原文（译）】

and on the·ob will not et ou where ou want to be in life. It will only slow you down and hinder your career

It's time to reevaluate how women handle conflict at work. (51) Being overworked or over-committed at home

是时候对女性处理职场冲突的方式进行重新评估了。(51)在家庭里和在职场中劳累过度或承担过多并不会带给你想要的生活。那只会拖慢你的脚步、阻碍你追求职业目标。

Did you know women are more likely than men to feel exhausted? Nearly twice as many women than men ages

“

”

goals.

very tired\" or \" exhausted\" , according to a recent study.18-44 reported feeling \"

你可知道女性比男性更容易感到疲劳？根据最近的一项研究，在18至44岁区间段，感到非常疲劳或

“”

筋疲力尽的女性人数是男性的近两倍。

(52)This ma not be su risin

iven that this is the a e ran e when women have children. It's also the a e

ran e when man women are t in to balance careers and home. One reason women may feel exhausted is that they meals-and so their answer to any request is often \"Yes, I can. \"

have a hard time saying \"no.\" Women want to be able to do it all—volunteer for school parties or cook delicious

(52)考虑到这正是女性有孩子的龄段这个结果或i并不入人吃忙。这也是i多女性试图

/ -业和

“”

家庭的年龄段。女性感到筋疲力尽的其中一个原因可能是她们很难说不。女性想做到所有的事，例如主动

“＂

承办学校聚会或烹任美味佳肴，她们对任何要求的回答常常是好的，我可以。

(53)Women stru le to sa \"no\" in the wor lace for similar reasons includin the desire to be lilced b their

this inabilit to sa \"no\" ma be hurtin women's health as well as their career.

“

”

collea es. Unfortunatel

“

幸的是，没有能力说不可能损害女性的健康和事业。

(53)由于一些类似的原因女性在职场中说不也很艰难

”

中一个原因是想要得到同事们的喜欢。不

there's a problem that needs to be addressed immediately, resulting in a dispute over who should be the one to fix it.

—

to be the peacemaker, because they don't want to be viewed as aggressive or disruptive at work. For example,

At the workplace, men use conflict as a way to position themselves, while women often avoid conflict or strive

34

—

()

Men are more likel to face that dis ute from the ers ective of what benefits them most, whereas women

ma a roach the same dis ute from the ers ective of what's the easiest and uickest wa to resolve the roblem— even if that means doin the borin work themselves.

在职场中，男性通过冲突来自我定位，而女性通常避免冲突或努力当个和事佬，因为她们不想被别人觉得自己汲汲于成功或是扰乱工作。例如，一个急需解决的问题导致了一场关于谁来处理它的纠纷。()男性更有可能从是什么对他们最有益的角度面对纠纷然而女性可能从解决该问题最简单、最快速的角度来处理同样的纠纷即使这意味着她们自己要做这项乏味的工作。

This difference in handling conflict could be the deciding factor on who gets promoted to a leadership position and who does not. (55) Leaders have to be able to dele ate and mana e resources wiseldelegate effectively.

—including staff expertise.

Shouldering more of the workload may not earn you that promotion. Instead, it may highlight your inability to

这个处理冲突的差异可能成为能否晋升为领导职务的决定因素。(55)领导者必须能明智地授权于人和配置资源，包括安排专业技术人员。承担更多工作量不一定能让你获得晋升。相反，它可能会突显你无法有效地委派工作。

51.What does the author say is the problem with women?

作者说女性身上存在的问题是什么？

A)They are often unclear about the career goals to reach.B)They are usually more committed at home than on the job.C)They tend to be over-optimistic about how far they could go.D)They tend to push themselves beyond the limits of their ability.

【答案】D

【定位】根据题干中的women,以及出题顺序将本题出处定位于第1段。

【详解】笫l段笫2句提到，女性在家庭里和在职场中劳累过度或承担过多。由此可知，她们（即女性）往

往逼迫自已超越能力极限，故答案为D)。D)是对笫2句信息的同义转述，其中的beyondthe limits of the扛ability对应该句中的beingoverworked or over-committed。

”

【干扰项】A)\"她们常常不清楚自己要达到的职业目标是依据第1段最后一旬设置的干扰项，但是are…

unclear about(不清晰）与文中的hinder(阻碍）矛盾，故排除A);文中没有比较女性在家庭里和

”

在职场中哪边承担更多责任，故排除B)\"她们通常承担的家庭职责比工作上的多；文中未提及

”

女性对自己的能力极限过度乐观，故排除C)\"她们往往对自己能达到的极限过分乐观。

52.Why do working women of child-bearing age tend to feel drained of energy?

为什么处于育龄的职业女性往往感到精力枯竭？

A)They struggle to satisfy the demands of both work and home.B)They are too devoted to work and unable to relax as a result.C)They do their best to cooperate with their workmates.D)They are obliged to take up too many responsibilities.

【答案】A

【定位】根据题干中的women和child-bearingage将本题出处定位于第3段。

【详解】笫3段笫1句承接上文表示，考虑到18至44岁正是女性有孩子的年龄段，这个研究结果或许并不

令人吃惊。接着笫2句解释原因－这也是许多女性努力平衡事业和家庭的年龄段，A)是第3段

; satisfy the demands of对应笫2句信息的同义转述，其中的struggleto对应该句中的aretrying to

—

35

—

”

【干扰项】B)\"她们太专注于工作以至于不能放松以偏概全，忽略了女性在家庭中的辛劳，故排除；C)\"她

”

们竭尽全力与同事协作是依据第4段中的thedesire to be liked by their colleagues (想要得到同

“

”

balance ; work对应careers。

事们的喜欢）设置的干扰项，是职场中女性很难说出不的一个原因，而并不是有孩子年龄段的职业女性往往感到筋疲力尽的原因，故排除；女性是自愿(volunteer和struggleto say \" no\")在家庭和事业中寻求平衡，没有被迫承担责任，故排除D)\"她们被迫承担太多责任。

”

53.What may hinder the future prospects of career women?

可能阻碍职业女性未来前途的是什么？A)Their unwillingness to say \" no\" .B)Their desire to be considered powerful.n underestimate of their own ab山ty.C)A

D)A lack of courage to face challenges.

【答案】A

【定位】根据题干中的may和careerwomen将本题出处定位于第4段。

”””“

【详解】第4段提到，女性在职场中说不也很艰难，不幸的是，没有能力说不可能损害女性的健康和事

业。题干中的hinder…careerwomen与笫2句中的behurting women's…career意思相同；A)中的unwillingness对应inability,故答案为A)。

”

【干扰项】B)\"她们被认为的强大的渴望\",C)\"她们对自己的能力的低估和D)\"她们面对挑战的勇气的

缺乏在文中均找不到依据，故排除。

”

.Men and women differ in their approach to resolving workplace conflicts in that ??.

在解决职场冲突的方式上，男性和女性有区别是因为。A)women tend to be easily satisfied

B)men are generally more persuasive

C)men tend to put their personal interests firstD)women are much more ready to compromise

【答案】C

【定位】根据题干中的men,women和resolvingworkplace conflicts将本题出处定位于第5段。

【详解】笫5段最后一句提到，男性更有可能从是什么对他们最有益的角度面对纠纷，然而，女性可能从解

决该问题最简单、最快速的角度来处理同样的纠纷，即使这意味着她们自己要做这项乏味的工作。C)是最后一句笫一个分句信息的同义转述，其中的tendto对应该句中的aremore 1让elyto;personal interests first对应whatbenefits them most, 故答案为C)。

”

”

【干扰项】A)\"女性往往容易满足和B)\"男性一般更具说服力在文中找不到依据。D)\"女性更愿意妥

”

协为强千扰项，但是女性以最简单(easiest)、最快速(quickest)的方式处理职场中的纠纷不等于

她们更愿意妥协，故排除D)。

55.What is important to a good leader?

对于一个好的领导者来说重要的是什么？A)A dominant personality.

C)The courage to admit failure.

【答案】B

【定位】根据题干中的leader将本题出处定位于最后一段。

—

D)A strong sense of responsibility.

B)The ability to delegate.

36

—

【详解】最后一段第2句提到，领导者必须能明智地授权于人和配置资源，B)是笫2句中beable to delegate

的同义转述，其中的theability to对应beable to ; delegate为原词再现；题干中的isimportant to a

故答案为B)。good leader对应leadershave to,

【干扰项]A)\"强势人格和C)\"承认失败的勇气在文中均未提及，故排除；文章最后两旬提到，承担更多

工作量不一定能让你获得晋升，相反可能会突显你无法有效地委派工作，故排除D)\"强烈的责任感。

”

”

”

Part IV

［原文】

Translation (30 minutes)

泰山位千山东省西部。海拔1500余米，方圆约400平方公里。泰山不仅雄伟壮观，而且是一座历史文化名山，过去3000多年一直是人们前往朝拜的地方。据记载，共有72位帝王曾来此游览。许多作家到泰山获取灵感，写诗作文，艺术家也来此绘画。山上因此留下了许许多多的文物古迹。泰山如今巳成为中国一处主要的旅游景点。

【参考译文l

Mount Tai is located in the west of Shandong province. It is over 1,500 metres above sea level and covers an area of about 400 square kilometres. Mount Tai, which has been a place for people to worship during the past 3,000 years, is not only majestic and magnificent, but (also) famous for its history and culture. A total of 72 emperors were recorded as visiting it. Many writers came to Mount Tai to acquire inspiration, to compose poems and to write essays, while artists came to paint. Hence, a great many cultural relics and historic sites were left on the mountain. Mount Tai has now become a major tourist attraction in China.

【逐句解析］

一一

也可使用旬：简单旬，译时需要注意两点。第，位于的译法，可使用最简单的\"bein\"或\"liein\", 第

“”

\"be located in\"或\"besituated in\"。第二，译介词短语在……（的）西部时不仅需要注意表达的方式，还需要注

“”

或\"TaiShan\", \"Mount Taishan\", \"Taishan Mountain\", 意对介词的选择。泰山可译为\"MountTai\", 不可译为””“

\"Tai Mountain\"或\"Taishan(广东省台山市）；山东省西部也可译为\"westernShandong (province) \"。”““”

第二句：本句为无主旬，可补加代词it作为主语，用于指代泰山。海拔可译为\"above sea level\"或

“”””

\"altitude\" ; 本旬中的方圆指的是占地面积，可译为\"cover an area of\"。本旬中可把海拔1500余米处理为

”

＂

, 500 meters, it covers an area of about 400 以with开头的介词短语。本旬还可译为\"With an altitude of over 1 square kilometres. \"

第三句：本句分句多、结构复杂，较难译。可将前两个分句处理为主句，最后一个分句处理为定语从句。最后一个分句中的时间状语一直提示，译时需注意时态应用完成时。雄伟壮观可译为\"majestic and

”“”“

magnificent\" ; 分旬中的历史指的是历史上有名或具有重大历史意义，可译为\"historical第二个significance\"或\"historic\"。“朝拜”可译为\"worship\"。本旬还可以把最后一个分句处理为定语从句，放置主语

“

“

”

“

”

泰山后，把前两个分句处理为含有并列结构的简单句。

”“””

第四句：简单句。据记载(……)可使用\"It is recorded that…句型，也可使用…berecorded as\"或

—

”

”＂”

\"according to the record\"结构；帝王可译为\"emperor\"或\"king\";\"游览可译为\"visit\"或\"tour\"。本旬还可译

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为\"Accordingto the record, a total of 72 emperors once visited it. \"

第五句：可处理为主语分别为作家和艺术家的并列句，使用连词while连接。注意写诗作文是两个动作，翻译时需将写和作译为与获取并列的动词。

“

”

“

”

”

“

”

”

”

”

“

”

”

”

第六句：无主旬。可将文物古迹作为主语，使用被动语态。需注意，原文中的连词因此虽然并不突

”““”

出，但是翻译时不要漏译。文物古迹即文物和古迹，可译为\"culturalrelics and historic sites\"。

”““”

第七句：简单旬。根据已成为判断，应使用现在完成时。旅游景点可译为\"tourist attraction\"或\"scenicspot

““

\"

。

【重点词汇］

:i

; lie in; be located in·be situated in ｛位于：be in

i

、.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................! ;'

\" :

：

宏伟的，庄严的：majestic

｝宏伟的，华丽的，壮丽的: magmficent

'

灵感：inspiration

文物：cultural relics 古迹：historic sites 旅游景点：tourist attraction

t

:

;·

:

·；方圆：cover an area of

·: 朝拜：worship :

；

=·

t!

:.

去........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................鲁...........................{

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