金门大桥（GoldenGateBridge）

金门大桥 jīn dà qiáo] [stud.

本词条介绍的是金门大桥 (美国世界著名桥梁), 更多含义, 请参阅 \"金门大桥 (多义词)\".

金门大桥是世界著名的桥梁之一, 是近代桥梁工程的一项奇迹.大桥雄峙于美国加利福尼亚州宽1900多米的金门海峡之上, 历时4年和10万多吨钢材, 耗资达3550万美元建成, 由史特劳斯设计.因其历史价值, 于2007年由英、美两国合拍成同名纪录片. 目 录 1简介

2建筑参数

3建设历史

落成时间 3.1

3.2 落成七十周年

曾保持的记录 3.3

4建筑特点

5建筑美学 6自杀

7维护工作

8交通环境 航空 8.1 1简介

金门大桥是世界著名大桥之一, 被誉为近代桥梁工程的一项奇迹, 也被认为是旧金山的象征.

金门大桥及旧金山夜景

金门大桥的设计者是工程师史特劳斯, 人们把他的铜像安放在桥畔, 用以纪念他对美国作出的贡献.大桥雄峙于美国加利福尼亚州宽1900多米的金门海峡之上.金门海峡为旧金山海湾入口处, 两岸陡峻, 航道水深, 为1579年英国探险家弗朗西斯·德雷克发现, 并由他命名.

金门大桥的北端连接北加利福尼亚, 南端连接旧金山半岛.当船只驶进旧金山, 从甲板上举目远望, 首先映入眼帘的就是大桥的巨形钢塔.钢塔耸立在大桥南北两侧, 高342米, 其中高出水面部分为227米, 相当于一座70层高的建筑物.塔的顶端用两根直径各为92.7厘米、重2.45万吨的钢缆相连,

钢缆中点下垂, 几乎接近桥身, 钢缆和桥身之间用一根根细钢绳连接起来.钢缆两端伸延到岸上锚定于岩石中.大桥桥体凭借桥两侧两根钢缆所产生的巨大拉力高悬在半空之中.钢塔之间的大桥跨度达1280米, 为世界所建大桥中罕见的单孔长跨距大吊桥之一.从海面到桥中心部的高度约60米, 又宽又高, 所以即使涨潮时, 大型船只也能畅通无阻.

金门大桥

包括从钢塔两端延伸出去的部分 [1], 全长达2737米, 为此, 又分别在两侧修建了两座辅助钢塔

使桥形更加壮观.大桥的桥面宽27.4米 有6条车行道和两条宽敞的人行道.大桥的设计者是工程师约瑟夫·斯特劳斯 人们为纪念他对美国作出的贡献,,,, 把他的全身铜像安放在桥畔.铜像形象生动, 神情自若.

金门大桥于1933年动工, 1937年5月竣工, 用了4年时间和10万多吨钢材, 耗资达3550万美元.整个大桥造型宏伟壮观、朴素无华.桥身呈朱红色, 横卧于碧海白浪之上, 华灯初放, 如巨龙凌空, 使旧金山市的夜空景色更加壮丽.

2建筑参数

【中文名称】: 金门大桥

【英文名称】: golden gate bridge

【建筑位置】: 美国加利福尼亚州旧金山与马林县之间

【跨越】: 金门海峡

【开工日期】: 1933年1月5日

【竣工日期】: 1937年4月完工, 同年5月27日对外开放【最长跨距】: 1280米

【总长度】: 2737米

【桥面宽度】: 27米

【桥塔高度】: 342米

【最大高度】: 227米

【路面净空】: 在收费站为4.3米

【桥下净空】: 67米至平均高水位

【年平均日交通流量】: 100000

【过桥费用】: $were kla at 0600 (往南向旧金山方向单向收费) 使用电子收费fastrak为 $5.00

【结构形式】: 悬索桥与钢桁架拱桥

【建筑造价】: 3550万美元

【设计者】: 约瑟夫·斯特劳斯 (joseph strauss), 艾尔文·莫罗 (irving morrow), 查尔斯·埃里斯 (charles alton ellis (leon), 里昂·莫伊塞弗 moisseiff) 【

金门大桥卫星图像

投资单位】: 加州

【维护单位】: 金门大桥管理局

【地理坐标】: 37°49′11″n 122°28′43″w

3建设历史

1579年英国探险家francisdrake发现了连结太平洋和旧金山的一个海峡, 这就是后来的金门.尽管这个名字在1849年的淘金潮以前早就使用, 但淘金潮使得金门 (成了加利福尼亚神秘魅力不可缺少的一部分 进入北california的入口).

As early as 1872, the idea of building a bridge across the Strait of Kinmen was discussed, but it was not until 1937 that a suspension bridge was built on the channel. Golden Gate Bridge spans the north and south, linking San Francisco with the Marin county. The bridge, which has been built for more than four years, is one of the most beautiful structures in the world. It is no longer the longest suspension bridge in the world, but it is the most famous one. The huge tower of Golden Gate Bridge is 227 meters high, each steel

Cord weight 12 metric tons, twisted by 27000 steel wires. Founded in January 1933, it was first opened to traffic in May 1937.

The original idea of Golden Gate Bridge came from Joseph Strauss, a bridge engineer. Strauss had previously designed more than 400 small inland bridges. He spent more than 10 years lobbying residents in northern California. Other major designers of the bridge include Erwin Moro, who decided on their artistic shapes and colors, and Charles Ellis, an engineer who works with

complex mathematical calculations, and Leon Moisef, a bridge designer.

The bridge began construction in January 5, 1933 and was completed in April 1937. It was opened to pedestrians in May 27th of that year. Strauss placed a brick from his alma mater, Ohio, University of Cincinnati, before pouring concrete into the South pier. The next day, with President Roosevelt in Washington press a button, the bridge was officially open to the car.

Voters in San Francisco have issued their initial $35 million in construction bonds, backed by their homes, farms and companies. In 1977, the last bond was paid off, of which $35 million in principal and $39 million in interest came from income from bridge charges.

Completion time

Golden Gate Bridge commenced construction in 1933 and completed in May 1937. It took 4 years and more than 100 thousand tons of steel, costing us $35 million 500 thousand. The whole bridge is magnificent, simple style. The bridge was red, lying above the blue sea whitecaps, with all the lights on, such as the air, make the sky more magnificent scenery in San Francisco city. However, due to the rain, the tower will be rusty, painter can only brush the paint on the day in and day out.

Completion of 70th anniversary

Landmark Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco, USA, celebrated

its birthday in May 27, 2007 at the age of seventy\". An official report released the day before the Golden Gate Bridge District, to the bridge before a major engineer named Ellis should honor. Not until last week did he have his name in the book of merit in Golden Gate Bridge.

Strauss, the chief engineer of the bridge, has long been named the father of Golden Gate Bridge and enjoys the honor of one of the greatest engineers of the twentieth Century. Kinmen

Golden Gate Bridge in the fog

There is a statue at the end of the bridge, which was set up to commemorate him after his death in 1938.

But an important mathematical design of Golden Gate Bridge and thousands of pen bridges are needed to calculate, in 24 published in the book \"Golden Gate Bridge: report of 2 chief engineer, is called iris by the engineer. Ellis was fired before the start of Golden Gate Bridge, and Strauss took all the credit. Ellis returned to college to teach and died in 1949.

Seventy years later, the hero of the bridge was given a belated affirmation. The mysterious legend does not affect one hundred thousand commuters every day, across bridges, between San Francisco and the North peninsula. The image of Golden Gate Bridge has become the best endorsement in San Francisco, according to statistics, about one million tourists come here every month. There are two hundred people waiting on Golden Gate Bridge, including toll collection, maintenance and painting, wire rope and so on. Golden Gate Bridge is not the color red,

but red, yellow and black mixture of \"international orangehe painter should be painted in the mobile scaffolding, with pressure cleaning, and then on the three layer of paint, another colleague tied to the cables attached to the web, do paint inspection work. Golden Gate Bridge has beauty and problems. Famous Golden Gate Bridge in heavy fog, but fog and rain is the biggest enemy of steel structure, serious rust, all five hundred sub time suspension cables are updated. Seventy years, there are three times because the wind is too large, \"wind\" lock bridge.

Records that have been kept

Before 1957, Golden Gate Bridge was the longest suspension bridge in the world, and the two piers had the longest span of suspension bridges in the world by 19. The two 342 meters high tower until the Akashi kaikyo bridge or before the completion of the world's tallest tower of suspension bridge.

4 architectural features

Golden Gate Bridge bridge international orange color, because the architect Erwin Moro think this color is and the surrounding environment, and can make the Golden Gate Bridge in common fog appears more eye-catching. Due to its unique structure and unique appearance, it has been widely regarded as a model of beauty by the international bridge engineering community, and has been recognized as one of the modern wonders of the world by the American Society of building engineers. It is also one of the world's most photogenic bridge.

Golden Gate Bridge maintenance work,

To the continuous paint is one of the contents.

Golden Gate Bridge maintenance work also includes

strengthening work continuously, the occurrence of Loma Prieta earthquake at the end of 19, the vulnerability of Golden Gate Bridge experts hired a detailed assessment of the authorities, and to develop a reinforcement plan, the implementation of three projects, second projects have been completed in 2006 in reinforcement.

Suicide net

Golden Gate Bridge is not the longest suspension bridge in the world, but the Golden Gate Bridge because of its magnificent magnificent shape and has been known to the world. But another reason for the bridge's fame is the name of its \"suicide Mecca\". According to statistics, since the bridge has been completed, a total of more than 1200 people from the bridge and jumped, farewell

Golden Gate Bridge

In the world.

Since the distance between the bridge and the sea is 60 meters long, and with the great impact of falling people, the suicide has no possibility of survival. Last year alone, 39 people jumped here, killing 19 people in 2008. The high number of suicides has caused a headache for the related departments in

San Francisco. In fact, as early as 1970s, it was suggested that special facilities should be installed on the bridge to stop people from jumping bridges. The local bridge administration voted in October 10, 2008 to install a stainless steel mesh across the bridge, so that the entire bridge would be \"net\" and the suicide would not fall directly into the sea.

The project costs about $4 million to $5 million. The local environmental protection department will conduct a further review of the project to ensure that it does not damage the environment and does not affect the beauty of the Golden Gate Bridge. Although the original intention of the fence was good, the plan still raised some objections. Critics point out, and on the bridge to splurge, rather than use the money to help people overcome mental illness to commit suicide, improve their mental health level, in order to fundamentally solve the problem. [2]

5 architectural aesthetics

Golden Gate Bridge bridge international orange color, because the architect Erwin Moro think this color is and the surrounding environment, and can make the bridge

Golden Gate Bridge one

The fog is more striking in the Golden Gate strait. Due to its unique structure and unique appearance, it is widely regarded as a model of beauty by the international bridge engineering community, and is one of the modern wonders of the world by the American Society of building engineers. It is also one of the

world's most photogenic bridge.

Golden Gate Bridge bridge maintenance work, to continue to paint is one of the contents. Beginning in May 2011 for the first time the whole repainted, still use international orange. The project is expected to take four years to complete. This is the Golden Gate Bridge opened for the first time repainting in recent 75 years.

Golden Gate Bridge maintenance work also includes

strengthening work continuously, the occurrence of Loma Prieta earthquake at the end of 19, the vulnerability of Golden Gate Bridge experts hired a detailed assessment of the authorities, and to develop a reinforcement plan, the implementation of three projects, second projects have been completed in 2006 in reinforcement. [3]

6 suicide

Golden Gate Bridge is one of the most famous suicide sites in the world, and there are no official statistics when the number of suicides in Golden Gate Bridge reached 1000 in 1993. It is estimated that in 2008 it has reached more than 1300 people. In the 5 years prior to 2005, one person on average jumped off the bridge every two weeks. After jumping for 4 seconds from the 67 meter high bridge deck, the suicide would land at 120 kilometers per hour. As of 2003, a total of 26 attempted suicide. In March 11, 2005, Golden Gate Bridge management decided to invest $2 million to study the feasibility of installing guardrail. But because of the recession, the plan has been delayed. [3]

7 maintenance work

Golden Gate Bridge maintenance, including toll collection, maintenance and painting, wire rope, etc.. Which paint is one of continuous bridge

golden gate bridge

Item content. The painter must paint in the mobile scaffolding, with pressure cleaning, and then on the three layer of paint, another colleague tied to the cables attached to the web, do paint inspection work.

Golden Gate Bridge maintenance work also includes

strengthening work continuously, the occurrence of Loma Prieta earthquake at the end of 19, the vulnerability of Golden Gate Bridge were evaluated in detail, and the development of the reinforcement plan, the implementation of three projects, second projects have been completed in 2006 in reinforcement.

Golden Gate Bridge has beauty and problems. Famous Golden Gate Bridge in heavy fog, but fog and rain is the biggest enemy of steel structure, serious rust, all five hundred sub time suspension cables are updated. Seventy years, there are three times because the wind is too large, \"wind\" lock bridge.

8 Traffic Environment aviation

Almost all major cities in the world have flights to San Francisco, and the air traffic is comparatively convenient. The price of the ticket can be decided by the date of purchase. It is the most expensive to buy in advance, and the ticket price is the most expensive on that day. Railway

In the United States, there are many railway lines leading to San Francisco,

And American Railroads offer discounts

Golden Gate Bridge at night

The packages are available, this package can be used without limit within the prescribed period of time and place, are divided into general, general, east west line and West Coast general general. On the way to the United States since March for tourists to buy such a package in the United States domestic travel is more cost-effective. This package can be handled in the United States before the passport with the purchase. The package is the difference in the tourist season and the off-season. Highway

In the United States, highway traffic is very developed, the annual June to October there will be New York, San Francisco to Boston round-trip travel bus, take the tour bus in 14 days across the continent, about 5000 km trip, passengers can ride

in the United States within the scope of the company within a certain period of time the coach (students and over 62 years old can enjoy discount), which is unique to America on a tour bus tour traffic throughout the United states. [4]