2020年高考英语完形填空训练01 解题技巧

完型填空

卷名 2018 2017

2016 课标全国Ⅰ 2015 2014

体裁

题材 个人经历 个人经历 个人经历 个人经历 社会生活 个人经历 个人经历 人际关系 个人经历 人物故事 人物故事 人物故事 个人经历

动词 9 9 7 6 4 35 9 9 6 7 8 39 11 9 6 26

形容词 3 5 3 3 4 18 5 3 5 3 3 19 3 4 4 11

考点

副词 名词/代词 介词(短语) 连词 1 7 0 0 1 5 0 0 1 5 1 3 3 8 0 0 3 9 0 0 9 34 1 3 2 3 1 0 0 8 0 0 2 4 2 1 3 6 0 1 5 3 1 0 12 24 4 2 0 6 0 0 0 7 0 0 2 7 0 1 2 20 0 1

夹叙夹议

记叙文 记叙文 记叙文 议论文 合计

2018 记叙文 2017 记叙文 2016 课标全国Ⅱ 夹叙夹议 2015 夹叙夹议 2014 记叙文

合计

2018 记叙文 2017 课标全国Ⅲ 记叙文 2016 记叙文

合计

分析解读

① 近五年高考完形填空(课标全国卷)选材特点：

 从短文的长度来看,近五年高考中，每篇短文在200至270词之间。

 短文的选材灵活，题材大多为个人经历、人物故事等,体裁以记叙文为主，兼顾夹叙夹议和议论文，时代气息越来越浓，更加贴近现实生活。 ② 近五年高考完形填空(课标全国卷)设空特点：

 第一句话通常不设空，给学生提供基本信息。 重首句，易入题。通过把握首句,可以确定文章的话题、主题、背景、人物、时间、地点、事件等,从而把握文章的发展方向，达到顺利“入题”的目的。

 每小题所给出的四个选项一般都属于相同的词类吗，且属于同一范畴；干扰项也多半可以和空前或空后的词语构成搭配，从而起到一定的干扰和迷惑作用。 ③ 近五年高考完形填空(课标全国卷)立意特点:

 题目把上下文语境理解放在第一位，词汇运用和语法知识放在第二位。

地方的辅导  词汇的考查面越来越宽，但完形填空的选项设置以实词为主，即名词、动词、形容词和副词等，以虚词为辅,即连词、介词等。 ④ 答案分布

近五年课标Ⅰ卷完形填空答案分布均衡，ABCD四个选项均为5:5:5:5。 ⑤ 命题趋势

未来高考完形填空可能会继续以记叙文为主，文章长度会有所增加。 文章选材传递“正能量”，对学生的人生观、价值观的建立会有指导作用。

四步解题

•重视首句，跳过设空，速读全文，把握大意。•1-2mins初选•胸怀大意，根据技巧，瞻前顾后选答案。先易后难。•7-8mins•借助已经补全的空格，集中解决所遗留的个别难题。•1-2mins检查•代入选项全面检查，确保语义连贯，用词准确。•1-2mins通览复选五个技巧

完形填空的解题技巧共分为 5 大类，分别是词汇复现法、上下文推理法、逻辑推理法、文化背景常识和固定搭配法。以下将通过技巧点睛与真题探究带你一一探寻每种技巧的奥秘。

一、词汇复现法

1. 技巧点睛

地方的辅导 “词汇复现”是指某一词汇以原词、词形变化(如protect 和protection)、同义词/近义词(如road 和trail)、反义词(如wrong 和 correct)、上下义词( (上下义是指词的总结和分解关系，上义词是总称词，下义词是被包含的个体或种类。如 adult 是 my father 的上义词；coat 是 clothes 的下义词) 等 重复出现在语篇之中。

2. 真题探究

技巧 典例分析 (2019年全国卷I)However, I soon 45(discover）that much has changed since the days of disturbing reports of 46 among tons of rubbish. I find a 47（clean ）mountain, with toilets at camps and along the paths. A. equipment B. grass 答案：C C. camps D. stones (1)原词复现 (2)词形变化 (3)反义词暗示 (2019年全国卷II)A local farmer told them the dog sounded like one 50 as lost in the local paper. The ad had a 51(phone) number for a town in southern Michigan. Ehlers 52(called) the number of Jeff and Lisa to tell them he had 53 their dog. 50 A. predicted B. advertised C. believed D. recorded 53 A. fed 答案：B C B. adopted C. found D. cured (4)同义词/近义词Everyone started to_ 55 their hands. Suzy Khan gave them a shy 复现 smile and the applause was deafening. I knew then Suzy was going to be all right. 55. A. clap B. wave C. raise D. shake 答案：A (5)上下义词提醒 (2016课标全国Ⅱ)Sitting back in the car on the way to the airport, I figured it all out. Rani's 59 —her warm smile, her nods, her ‘I'm here for you’ 60(attitude) —were all silent signals that didn't travel through 地方的辅导 wires. A. forgiveness B. eagerness 答案：C C. friendliness D. skillfulness 二、上下文推理法

1. 技巧点睛

“上下文推理法”是指根据对上下文的语义和整个语篇的理解，进行适当的推理判断，因此需重点注意挖空处的上下文语境，判断清楚所要表达的含义。

2. 真题探究

技巧 典例分析 (2019年全国卷I)Hearing these stories, I’m 44 about the (1) 挖空处向下看适place — other destinations are described as “purer” natural 用于下文是对挖空处experiences. 的解释或举例 A. silent B. skeptical C. serious D. crazy 答案：B（怀疑的） (2) 挖空处向上看适(2019年全国卷III) When the light 52(appeared), Rjukan 用于上文是对挖空处residents gathered together. “People have been 53(sitting) there 的描述或举例 and standing there and taking 54(pictures) of each other,\" Ro says. \"The town square was totally 55 . A. new 答案：B B. full C. flat D. silent 三、逻辑推理法

1. 技巧点睛

“逻辑推理法”是根据文章的逻辑关系（如因果、并列、让步、转折、时间顺序、目的、条件、选择等）和指代关系（this、that、the等）进行适当的推理判断，因此需特别注意however 表转折，beca

地方的辅导 （如and 表并列，but 和和 so 表因果，first of all、then 和 finally 表顺序等）。 2. 真题探究

技巧 (1) and 表并列 and 前后表达的意思应该保持一致，或存在一定的顺承含义 典例分析 (2019年全国卷III)When the light 52(appeared), Rjukan residents gathered together. “People have been 53 there and standing there and taking 54(pictures) of each other,\" Ro says. \"The town square was totally 55(full) . A. driving B. hiding C. camping 答案：D D. sitting (2) but 和 however 表转折 (2019年全国卷I) However, I soon 45(discover）that much but 前后表达的意思应该不一has changed since the days of disturbing reports of 致 46(camps) among tons of rubbish. I find a 47（clean ）mountain, with toilets at camps and along the paths. The environmental challenges are 48 but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be 49(paying off). A. new B. special C. significant D. necessary 答案： C (3) because 和 so 表因果 (2018年全国卷Ⅱ)Two weeks earlier, my son, Ben, had 某事的结果，because+原因某got in touch. He'd moved to England with his mum when he 事的原因，so+结果 was three and it had been 13 years since I'd41(last) seen him. So imagine my 42 when he emailed me saying he wanted to come to visit me. A.delight B.relief 答案： A (4)the、this、that 承前指代 (2019年全国卷I) Every year about 40,000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa. They 41(bring) with them lots of waste. The 42 might damage the beauty of the place. A. stories 答案： C B. buildings C. crowds D. reporters C.anger D.worry 地方的辅导 (2019年全国卷I) The best of a Kilimanjaro 50(experience), in my opinion, isn’t reaching the top. Mountains are 51(regarded) as spiritual places by many cultures. This 52 is especially evident on Kilimanjaro as 53(climbers) go through five ecosystems（生态系统）in the space of a few kilometers. A. view 答案： A B. quality C. reason D. purpose 四、背景常识法

1. 技巧点睛

“文化背景常识法”是指完形填空的文章内容往往与我们的文化生活、史地知识、生活科技等相关，有些内容是我们已经掌握的生活常识， 答题时要充分调动相关知识帮助我们分析、推断。

事实上，该技巧与“推理判断”常常交织在一起的，因为虽有背景常识，仍需简单推理。需注意中外文化的差异性，不能总是用中国人看问题的角度来看待其它国家发生的事情。

2. 真题探究

技巧 Step 1: 了解特定文化背景 典例分析 (2019 山东一模)After medical school, Michael moved to Southern California. He became a 3l at Mission Community Hospital. A. teacher 答案：C B. driver C. doctor D. worker 五、固定搭配法

1. 技巧点睛

完形填空以语境考查为主，但也有小部分题目考查语法知识、固定搭配和固定句型，解题过程中我们需要结合所学固定搭配选出正确答案。

2. 真题探究

技巧 典例分析 地方的辅导 选择 (2019年全国卷I)This 52(view) is especially evident on Kilimanjaro as

(1) 根据固定搭配直接53(climbers)go through five ecosystems（生态系统）in the space of a few kilometers. At the base is a rainforest. It ends abruptly at 3, 000 meters, 54 lands of low growing plants. A .holding on to B. going back to C. living up to D. giving way to 答案：D（A坚持；B回到；C达到、不辜负；D为……所替代） (2019年全国卷I)The best of a Kilimanjaro 50(experience), in my (2) 固定搭配+ 推理判opinion, isn’t reaching the top. Mountains are 51 as spiritual places 断 by many cultures. A. studied 答案：D B. observed C. explored D. regarded 地方的辅导