外研版英语八年级下册Module 8语法要点总结

1. I can’t hardly believe we’re in the city center. 我简直不能相信我们是市中心。 hardly adv. 几乎不；几乎没

There is hardly any food in the fridge. 冰箱里面没有什么吃的了。 【辨析】hardly 与 hard hardly 副词，意为“几乎不；几乎没”，含否定意义，在句中常位于助动词、be动词和情态动词之后，实义动词之前；用于反义疑问句时，反义疑问句的附加问句要用肯定形式。 hard 既可作形容词，“硬的；困难的；艰苦的”；也可做副词，“努力地；猛烈地”。 The seats are hard and uncomfortable. 这些座位又硬又不舒服。 This problem is not hard. 这道题不难。 We should study hard. 我们应该努力学习。

2. The lake takes up over half of the park area. 湖占据了这个公园一半多的面积。 take up 占去 （时间或空间）

The big box took up two seats. 那个大盒子占了两个座位。

The homework takes up all his time. 家庭作业占用了他的所有时间。 【注意】

take up 与tidy up 一样，也是由“动词+副词”构成的短语，当它的宾语是代词时，必修放在两词之间。

The computer is not yours. You shouldn’t take it up. 这台电脑不是你的。你不应该占用它。

3. Then I can point out the sights of Beijing for you. 然后我可以为你们指出北京的景点。 Point out 指出；指明

Thank you for pointing out my mistakes. 谢谢你指出我的错误。 【注意】

Point out 是“动词+副词”型短语，其宾语可以是名词、代词或that从句。代词做其宾语时，要放在point 和 out 之间。

4. I think It’s better to have our picnic at the top of the hill. 我想到山顶吃我们的野餐比较好。

at the top of ... 在......的顶端

There is a man standing at the top of the hill. 有个人正站在小山的顶部。

【辨析】

at the top of... 与 on the top of...

at the top of...在顶部这个范围之内；on the top of...在顶部的表面。 There is a bell at the top of the tower. 塔顶有一个钟。

The man is standing on (the) top of the house. 那个男人正站在屋顶上。

5. Let’s not waste any more time. 我们不要再浪费时间了。 Waste v. 浪费；滥用

We shouldn’t waste our time. 我们不应当浪费我们的时间。 【注意】

Waste 后接名词或代词做宾语。当表示人在某人\\物\\事上浪费时间（金钱、经历、话语）等时，其宾语后常接“on + n.”或“（in+）动名词”。

I’m not going to waste any more words on the subject. 在这个问题上我不想多费口舌了。

6. It woke everybody up. 每个人都被吵醒了。 Wake sb. Up 唤醒某人

Wake me up at seven o’clock tomorrow morning, will you? 明天早晨七点钟叫醒我，好吗？ 【注意】

Wake up 中的up 是副词，所以当代词做宾语时，代词要放在两者中间。 Don’t wake him up. He stayed up late last night. 别叫醒他。他昨晚熬夜了。

III. 语法要点（学科网）

that引导的宾语从句

从本模块起，我们开始学习宾语从句。那么什么是宾语从句呢？我们在第六模块复习

了简单句的几种基本句型，其中有一种句型是“主语+谓语+宾语”的结构。

我们知道，名词、代词、动词的-ing形式或to do形式都可以作宾语，例如buy a book

名词，beat him代词，stop doing sth.动词的-ing形式， want to do sth.to do形式等。这些例子中的宾语是用一个单词或短语来表达的。

但是，当要用英语表达“我知道你昨天去看电影了”时，我们就无法在know后用一个

单词表达出“你昨天去看电影了”这个意思。“你昨天去看电影了”这个结构中包含行为本身、行为的发出者和行为的承受者，是一个完整的句子，因此只能用句子表达。

这种放在动词后面作宾语的句子，我们称为“宾语从句”。

宾语从句可以分为三类： 一类是that引导的宾语从句； 一类是whether ∕ if引导的宾语从句； 还有一类是疑问词引导的宾语从句。 在本模块我们学习that 引导的宾语从句。

that 是宾语从句的一个引导词，放在主句和从句之间。它引导的宾语从句由陈述句转化而来，故从句的语序不变。

在that 引导的宾语从句中，that 作连接代词，无意义，在句中不作任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中通常可以省略。

当谓语动词表示肯定的概念，如“希望”“相信”“知道”或“说”时，其后面的句子一般用

that引导。

That没有任何词汇意义，只有语法功能，目的是使读者清楚后面的句子是作前面动

词的宾语的，多数情况下that可以省略。

例如：

I hope (that) it will snow this winter.我希望今年冬天会下雪。

I believe (that) we shall become good friends.我相信我们会成为好朋友。 Betty thinks (that) trees can improve the air.贝蒂认为树可以改善空气质量。

有一点要提醒同学们注意：并非所有的动词后面都可以接that引导的宾语从句。常

接that引导宾语从句的谓语动词有：believe，expect，explain，feel，hear，hope，imagine，prefer，promise，report，say，see，tell，think，understand，warn，wish等。

当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，从句的谓语动词可根据具体情况选用适当的时态； 主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，从句中也必须用过去的某种时态。 试比较：

He says that he wants to see him as soon as possible. 他说他想尽快见到他。

He said that he wanted to see him as soon as possible. 他说他想尽快见到他。

注意：

当主句是一般过去时，而宾语从句的内容表示的是客观真理、事实、科学原理、自然现象、名言警句、格言、谚语等时，此时宾语从句用一般现在时，这些情况下不受主句时态的。

如：

The teacher told us that the earth goes round the sun. 老师告诉我们地球围绕着太阳转。

一、单项填空

1. —What did your teacher say this morning? —She told us ________.

A. why was Tom late for school again B. whether we had too much homework

C. how she did come to school this morning

D. that we would have a test soon

2. －Have you ever seen the movie 2012?

－Yes, but I don’t believe ______ the year 2012 will see the end of the world. A. that B. what C. how D. if

3. Our physics teacher told us light _______ faster than sound.

A. travels B. traveled C. traveling D. to travel

4.I know__________ he is a teacher.

A.where B.how C.that D.why

5.Don’t lose your heart. I believe__________ you can finish the work by yourself.

A./ B.that C.which D.if

6.I think__________ we can be good friends.

A.that B.what C.which D.if

7.She said__________ he would go to the hospital.

A./ B.what C.which D.if

8.I realize that I’m in charge and__________ everybody accepts my leadership. A.where B.what C.when D.that

9.We consider it an honor__________ we can have the pleasure of serving you.

A.that B.how C.why D./

10.— Do you know ________?

— Let me see. I remember it was on March 18th. A. why did they move here B. why they moved here C. when did they move here D. when they moved here

11. — What did your father say to you just now? — He asked me _______.

A. that I would like to see a movie B. where I will spend my holiday C. if I enjoyed myself at the party D. when did I attend the graduation part

12. — What did your father say to you just now? — He asked me _______.

A. that I would like to see a movie B. where I will spend my holiday C. if I enjoyed myself at the party D. when did I attend the graduation part

13. — I wonder _____. — Yes, of course.

A. where we can buy the parts

B. how often you hear form your sister C. if I may have a word with you D. why he arrived late yesterday

14. This morning my mother asked me _____. A. why he is not here B. where Julia went last weekend C. what time is it D. how did my brother do it

15. I have some tickets for the basketball match. I wonder ______. A. where you buy the tickets B. why you like to go there C. if you’d like to come along D. when you watch the match

二、把下列两个句子连接成含有宾语从句的主从复合句。 1.There will be a sports meeting next week. Our teacher says. __________________________________________________

2. He can get well soon. I hope.

__________________________________________________ 3. The boy runs the fastest in our school. I think.

__________________________________________________ 4. He wants to travel to Beijing. He tells me.

__________________________________________________ 5. Our Chinese teacher is going to America to study. I hear. __________________________________________________

参

一 1~5 DAACB 6~10 AADAD 6~10CCCBC

二 1. Our teacher says that there will be a sports meeting next week. 2. I hope that he can get well soon.

3. I think that the boy runs the fastest in our school. 4. He tells me that he wants to travel to Beijing.

5. I hear that our Chinese teacher is going to America to study.