肯尼迪就职演讲背景

the background meaning in john f. kennedy?s inaugural address 摘要:肯尼迪是

美国历史上最年轻的总统,他的当选代表了二战后的年轻主张.肯

尼迪的就职演讲被认为是美国总统就职演讲中最为精彩的篇章之一,其语言简明、结构

巧妙, 内容也反映了当时的政治，文化，社会背景，值得我们探究学习。

关键词:就职演讲;权利;核力量.

abstract: kennedy was the youngest person elected u.s. president .his presidency

came to represent the america youthful idealism in the aftermath of world war ii. and kennedy?s address was considered as one of the most wonderful in american history, the words in it is short, well-organized, inflected the political, culture, social

background, and his sentences were worthing study.

key words: inaugural address; rights; nuclear power.

1.kennedy?s victory is all the people?s victory.

“we observe today not a victory of party, but a celebration of

freedom--symbolizing an end, as well as a

beginning--signifying renewal, as well as

change…”(张汉熙,1995,51-56)

president of america is not only a victory of a party but also embody the celebration of freedom. it symbolizing a new start , which fulfill hope, freedom. equal rights. it is also the victory of all the american people and the human rights

career.

2.the new generations advocate freedom, equal rights and peace.

some americans proudly called the 1950s the placid decade. the united states had made huge profits in the second world war... as a result, the post-war years saw a degree of prosperity of capitalist economy. the relation between capital and labor became less intense.( 狄红秋,2008;209-211)there was a relative peace. as to the new generation ,few of they have been influenced by the old doctrine of pre-world war，they witness the tragedy of war and the power of the nucleus. americans are free—free to express to create, and ideally, to solve problems, and expect to make the world a better place. they rose with a respect, recognition for and expectation of continued freedom; they have immense freedom and their ancient people

fought to have freedom.

kennedy, as a spirited image, he called on people to pursue freedom, human rights, etc. he took vigorous action in the cause of equal rights calling for new civil rights legislation. he wished america to resume its old mission as the first dedicated to the revolution of human rights. with the alliance for progress and the peace corps, he brought american idealism to the aid of developing nations and leaded

the nation on its longest sustained expansion since wwii.

3. diplomacy policy and nuclear power at kennedy?s times.

vs

“…

bargaining chip according to the ever-changing balance of power.

4.the cuba nuclear crisis.

soon after his inauguration,

russians tried to install nuclear

missiles in cuba. when this was

discovered in october 1962.kennedy

imposed quarantine on al offensive

weapons bound for cuba. while the

world trembled on the brink of

nuclear war, the russians backed

down and agreed to take he missiles

away… the months after the cuba crisis showed significant progress toward kennedy?s goal of “a world of law and free choice, banishing the world of war and coercion”. his administration thus saw the beginning of new hope for both the

equal rights of americans and the peace of the world.

6. massive holy bible languages were used in the address.

although kennedy?s address

was given to the whole world, as to

the people of english countries who

mostly is christian and believe in the

god, he quoted many sentences in the

bible. perhaps he thought that such

language style would arouse the

sense of agreement among english

countries, or on the other hand,

maybe this is because kennedy

believes in catholicism. and people

always suspect whether he can fulfill

his responsibility impartially or not,

because he is a catholic. in order to

reply this, in september of 1960,kennedy said he was not catholic candidate for president; he was the democratic partys candidate for president who happens also to be a catholic. and he was not speaking for his church on public matters—and the church does not speak for him. and kennedy also stressed there are many other things which is much more important than religion. war, hunger, ignorance and despair have no religion limit, and we should use religion tolerance to serve the national well-being. his speech restrained the noisy sound surrounding his religion issues.

biography:

[1]狄红秋. celebration hall: presidents of the u.s.a.[ m ].天津：天津大学出版社，

2008，209-211.

[2]李志坤et al. 《肯尼迪就职演说词的语用含义探究》[j/ol]. cjfd收录刊, 科

技信息(学术研究) 2007年 09期,3.

[3]张汉熙et al. 《高级英语》[ m ].北京：外语教学与研究出版社,1995,51-56.

篇二：肯尼迪就职演说评析

阅读翻译注释

首席法官先生，艾森豪威尔威尔总统，尼克松副总统，杜鲁门总统，尊敬的神父，同胞们；我们今天庆祝的不是一次政党的胜利而是庆祝自由精神的胜利 - 这不仅象征结束 –这还象征开始 – 意味着更新 – 也意味着变革。我在你们和全能的上帝面前宣读了将近一百七十年前我们祖先拟定的同一庒严的誓言。现在，这世界已完全不同了。人类把消除各种贫穷及毁灭各种形式的生活的力量握在巨手中。然而，在全球，我们祖先为之奋斗的相同的革

命信念仍然在争论之中 – 这信念:不是来自国家的慷慨，而是来自上帝之手。

1：the same solemn oath: i do solemnly swear that i will faithfully execute the office of president of the united states,and will,to the best of my ability,preserve protest and defend the constitution of the united states.同一庒严的誓词：我郑重地宣

誓我一定满怀信心地履任美国总统职务，尽我所能，维持，保护和防卫美国。

2：林肯：four score and seven years ago,八十七年前；肯尼迪在此借用：nearly a

century and three quarters ago接近一百七十五年前

今天，我们不会忘记我们是第一次的后代。在此时此地，让我们的朋友和敌人都听

到我们的讲话：火炬已传到了新一代美国人手里 – 生在本世纪，受过战争的考炼，经历艰难困苦的和平磨炼，以我们古老的传统而自豪 – 不愿意眼看着，不容忍我们美国一直承诺

的,今天在美国及全球仍然在承诺的，不断地遭受践踏。

3、 let every nation know,whether it wishes us well or ill,that we shall pay any price,bear any burden,meet any hardship,support any friend,oppose any foe,in order to assure the survival and the success of liberty.this much we pledge – and

more.

让每一个希望我们好还是希望我们不好的国家知道，我们将不惜一切代价，承受一切负担，面对各种困难，支持所有朋友，反对一切敌人，以捍卫和争取自由的胜利。我们保证这

些 – 而且不仅如此。

对偶：有意识地把词意相对的词语放在对称的结构中形成对照。结构匀称，整齐，词的

意义相反而互相衬托，使语言鲜明，使语义加强。

well or ill

place and time

friend foe

united,little we can not do,divided,little we can do.(第四段)

if a free society can not help the many who are poor,it can not save the few who are rich.（第六段）

it was the best of times,it was the worst of times,

it was the age of wisdom智慧,it was the age of foolishness愚蠢

it was the epoch of belief信仰，it was the epoch of incredulity怀疑

it was the season of light,it was the season of darkness,

it was the spring of hope,it was the winter of despair绝望,

we had everything before us,we had nothing before us,

we were all going direct to heaven,we were all going direct the other way.狄更斯：《双城记》

tom gave up the brush with reluctance in his face,but eagerness in his heart. 马

克。吐温：<光荣的刷墙工>

排比：结构相同，意义并重，语气一致的词组或句子排列成串，形成一个整体。渲染，

壮文势，广文义。使文章条理清楚，论点突出。

that we shall pay any price,bear any burden,meet any hardship,support any friend,oppose any foe,

there was a song in every heart;there was cheer in every face and a spring in

every step. mark twain:<the glorious whitewasher>

4. to those old allies whose cultural and spiritual origins we share,we pledge the loyalty of faithful friends.united,there is little we cannot do in a host of cooperative ventures.divided,there is little we can do – for we dare not meet a

powerful challenge at odds and split asunder.

对那些和我们有着共同文化和精神渊源的老盟友，我们保证对挚友的忠诚。团结一致，我们在许多合作事业中将无往不胜。四分五裂，我们将一事无成。- 因为，意见分歧，各行

其是，我们就不能对付强大的挑战。

对那些我们欢迎他们加入自由行列的新国家，我们保证对现我们的诺言：一种形式的殖民控制的结束，决不能被更为暴虐的来代替。我们不总是指望看到他们支持我们的观点,但是，我们总是希望看到他们强烈的支持他们自己的自由 – 请记住，在过去，那些靠骑在

虎背上愚蠢地寻找力量的人,必葬身虎腹。

1：one form of colonial control shall not have passed away merely to be

replaced by a far greater iron tyranny.

否定的转移：

man does not live that he may eat but eats that he may live.人活着，不是为了吃；

但是,吃，人才活下来。

i do not think you are right.

the machine did not stop for lack of oil.

2：those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up

inside.

there once was a lady from niger(尼日尓)，

who smiled as she rode on a tiger.

they came back from the ride,

with the lady inside,

and the smile on the face of the tiger.

对那些遍布在另一半地球上的茅屋荒村里，正在奋力打碎穷困锁链的各民族；我们保证，无认需要多长时间，将尽最大的努力，来帮助他们帮助他们自己 – 不是因为党可能做这些，也不是因为我们寻求他们在联合国里的选票，而是这样做是正确的。如果自由社会不

能帮助那些众多穷人，那么它就不能拯救少数富人。

对那些我们边界以南的各姐妹邻邦，我们提出特别的保证 – 在为进步而缔结成新的联盟中，把我们良好的诺言转变成有益的行动，支持自由的人们和自由的摆脱贫困的枷锁。但是，这种充满希望的和平不能成为敌对势力的牺牲品。让我们所有的邻邦知道，我们将和他们一起反对美洲上任何地方的侵略和。让所有其他国家知道，西半球的人民

决心继续做自己家园的主人。

对联合国，这个主权国家的世界性议会组织，在战争手段远远超过和平手段这一时代，我们最美好和最后的希望之所在，我们重申我们对联合国支持的保证 – 防止它仅仅变成谩

骂的讲坛 – 加强对新生国家和弱小国家的保护 – 扩大联合国的决议得以执行的范围。

9.finally,to those nations who would make themselves our adversary,we offer not a pledge but a request: that both sides begin anew the quest for peace,before the dark powers of destruction unleashed by science engulf all

humanity in planned or accidental self-destruction.

最后，对那些一定要使自己成为我们敌手的国家，我们不是做出保证，而是提出要求：我们双方重新开始谋求和平，不要等到被科学释放出的毁灭性的巨大威力因有意或无意的自

我毁灭而吞灭全人类。篇三：肯尼迪就职演讲中英文

friday, january 20, 1961

vice president johnson, mr. speaker, mr. chief justice, president eisenhower, vice president nixon, president truman, reverend clergy, fellow citizens, we observe today not a victory of party, but a celebration of freedom--symbolizing an end, as well as a beginning--signifying renewal, as well as change. for i have sworn i before you and almighty god the same solemn oath our forebears l prescribed nearly a

century and three quarters ago.

let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe, in

order to assure the survival and the success of liberty.

this much we pledge--and more.

to those old allies whose cultural and spiritual origins we share, we pledge the loyalty of faithful friends. united, there is little we cannot do in a host of cooperative ventures. divided, there is little we can do--for we dare not meet a powerful

challenge at odds and split asunder.

past, those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside.

finally, to those nations who would make themselves our adversary, we offer not a pledge but a request: that both sides begin anew the quest for peace, before the dark powers of destruction unleashed by science engulf all humanity in

planned or accidental self-destruction.

we dare not tempt them with weakness. for only when our arms are sufficient

beyond doubt can we be certain beyond doubt that they will never be employed.

so let us begin anew--remembering on both sides that civility is not a sign of weakness, and sincerity is always subject to proof. let us never negotiate out of fear.

but let us never fear to negotiate.

let both sides explore what problems unite us instead of belaboring those

problems which divide us.

all this will not be finished in the first 100 days. nor will it be finished in the first 1,000 days, nor in the life of this administration, nor even perhaps in our lifetime on

this planet. but let us begin.

in your hands, my fellow citizens, more than in mine, will rest the final success or failure of our course. since this country was founded, each generation of americans has been summoned to give testimony to its national loyalty. the graves

of young americans who answered the call to service surround the globe.

can we forge against these enemies a grand and global alliance, north and south, east and west, that can assure a more fruitful life for all mankind? will you

join in that historic effort?

and so, my fellow americans: ask not what your country can do for you--ask

what you can do for your country.

my fellow citizens of the world: ask not what america will do for you, but what

together we can do for the freedom of man.

finally, whether you are citizens of america or citizens of the world, ask of us the same high standards of strength and sacrifice which we ask of you. with a good conscience our only sure reward, with history the final judge of our deeds, let us go forth to lead the land we love, asking his blessing and his help, but knowing that

here on earth gods work must truly be our own.

约翰-肯尼迪 就职演讲

星期五,1961年1月20日

首席法官先生、艾森豪威尔总统、尼克松副总统、杜鲁门总统、尊敬的牧师、各位公民：

今天我们庆祝的不是政党的胜利，而是自由的胜利。这象征着一个结束，也象征着一个开端，表示了一种更新，也表示了一种变革。因为我已在你们和全能的上帝面前，宣读了我们的先辈在170多年前拟定的庄严誓言。现在的世界已大不相同了，人类的巨手掌握着既能消灭人间的各种贫困，又能毁灭人间的各种生活的力量。但我们的先辈为之奋斗的那些信念，在世界各地仍然有着争论。这个信念就是：人的权利井非来自国家的慷慨，而是来自上帝恩赐。

今天，我们不敢忘记我们是第一次的继承者。让我们的朋友和敌人同样听见我此时此地的讲话：火炬已经传给新一代美国人。这一代人在本世纪诞生，在战争中受过锻炼，在艰难困苦的和平时期受过陶冶，他们为我国悠久的传统感到自豪——他们不愿目睹或听任

我国一向保证的、今天仍在国内外作出保证的渐趋毁灭。

让每个国家都知道——不论它希望我们繁荣还是希望我们衰落——为确保自由的存在和自由的胜利，我们将付出任何代价，承受任何负担，应付任何艰难，支持任何朋友，反抗任何敌人。

这些就是我们的保证——而且还有更多的保证。

对那些和我们有着共同文化和精神渊源的老盟友，我们保证待以诚实朋友那样的忠诚。我们如果团结一致，就能在许多合作事业中无在而下胜；我们如果分歧对立，就会一事无成

——因为我们不敢在争吵下休、四分五裂时迎接强大的挑战。

对那些我们欢迎其加入到自由行列中来的新国家，我们格守我们的誓言：决不让一种更为残酷的来取代一种消失的殖民统治。我们并不总是指望他们会支持我们的观点。但我们始终希望看到他们坚强地维护自己的自由——而且要记住，在历史上，凡愚蠢地骑在虎背上谋求权力的人，都是以葬身虎口而告终。 对世界各地身居茅舍和乡村，为摆脱普遍贪困而斗争的人们，我们保证尽量大努力帮助他们自立，不管需要花多长时间——之所以

这样做，并不是因为篇四：肯尼迪就职演讲-中英对照-完美翻译-经典名句

vice president johnson, mr. speaker, mr. chief justice, president eisenhower, vice

president nixon, president truman, reverend clergy, fellow citizens:

we observe today not a victory of party, but a celebration of freedom -- symbolizing an end, as well as a beginning -- signifying renewal, as well as change. for i have sworn before you and almighty god the same solemn oath our forebears

prescribed nearly a century and three-quarters ago.

我们今天庆祝的并不是一次政党的胜利，而是一次自由的庆典；它象征着结束，也象征着开始；意味着更新，也意味着变革。因为我已在你们和全能的上帝面前，作了跟我们祖先

将近一又四分之三世纪以前所拟定的相同的庄严誓言。

现今世界已经很不同了，因为人在自己血肉之躯的手中握有足以消灭一切形式的人类贫困和一切形式的人类生命的力量。可是我们祖先奋斗不息所维护的信念，在世界各地仍

处于争论之中。那信念就是注定并非来自的慷慨施与，而是上帝所赐。

we dare not forget today that we are the heirs of that first revolution. let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike, that the torch has

been passed to a new generation of americans -- born in this century, tempered by war, disciplined by a hard and bitter peace, proud of our ancient heritage, and unwilling to witness or permit the slow undoing of those human rights to which this

nation has always been

我们今天不敢忘记我们是那第一次的继承人，让我从此时此地告诉我们的朋友，并且也告诉我们的敌人，这支火炬已传交新一代的美国人，他们出生在本世纪，经历过战争的锻炼，受过严酷而艰苦的和平的熏陶，以我们的古代传统自豪，而且不愿目睹或容许逐

步被褫夺。对于这些我国一向坚贞不移，当前在国内和全世界我们也是对此力加维护的。

let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe, to

assure the survival and the success of liberty.

让每一个国家知道，不管它盼我们好或盼我们坏，我们将付出任何代价，忍受任何重负，

应付任何艰辛，支持任何朋友，反对任何敌人，以确保自由的存在与实现。

this much we pledge -- and more.

这是我们矢志不移的事－－而且还不止此。

to those old allies whose cultural and spiritual origins we share, we pledge the loyalty of faithful friends. united there is little we cannot do in a host of cooperative ventures. divided there is little we can do -- for we dare not meet a powerful

challenge at odds and split asunder.

对于那些和我们拥有共同文化和精神传统的老盟邦，我们保证以挚友之诚相待。只要团结，则在许多合作事业中几乎没有什么是办不到的。倘若，我们则无可作为，因为我们

在意见分歧、各行其是的情况下，是不敢应付强大挑战的。

对于那些我们欢迎其参与自由国家行列的新国家，我们要提出保证，绝不让一种形成的殖民统治消失后，却代之以另一种远为残酷的。我们不能老是期望他们会支持我们的观点，但我们却一直希望他们能坚决维护他们自身的自由，并应记取，在过去，那些愚蠢得要

骑在虎背上以壮声势的人，结果却被虎所吞噬。

对于那些住在布满半个地球的茅舍和乡村中、力求打破普遍贫困的桎梏的人们，我们保证尽最大努力助其自救，不管需要多长时间。这并非因为党会那样做，也不是由于我们要求他们的选票，而是由于那样做是正确的。自由社会若不能帮助众多的穷人，也就不能保

全那少数的富人。

shall join with them to oppose aggression or subversion anywhere in the americas. and let every other power know that this hemisphere intends to remain

the master of its own house.

对于我国边界以内的各姐妹共和国，我们提出一项特殊的保证：要把我们的美好诺言化作善行，在争取进步的新联盟中援助自由人和自由来摆脱贫困的枷锁。但这种为实现本身愿望而进行的和平不应成为不怀好意的国家的俎上肉。让我们所有的邻邦都知道，我们将与他们联合抵御对美洲任何地区的侵略或。让其它国家都知道，西半球的事西半球

自己会管。

至于联合国这个各主权国家的世界性议会，在今天这个战争工具的发展速度超过和平工

具的时代中，它是我们最后的、最美好的希望。我们愿重申我们的支持诺言；不让它变成仅

供谩骂的讲坛，加强其对于新国弱国的保护，并扩大其权力所能运用的领域。

finally, to those nations who would make themselves our adversary, we offer not a pledge but a request: that both sides begin anew the quest for peace, before the dark powers of destruction unleashed by science engulf all humanity in

planned or accidental self-destruction.

最后，对于那些与我们为敌的国家，我们所要提供的不是保证，而是要求：双方重新着

手寻求和平，不要等到科学所释出的危险破坏力量在有意或无意中使

全人类沦于自我毁灭。

we dare not tempt them with weakness. for only when our arms are sufficient

beyond doubt can we be certain beyond doubt that they will never be employed.

我们不敢以示弱去诱惑他们。因为只有当我们的武力无可臵疑地壮大时，我们才能毫无

疑问地确信永远不会使用武力。

可是这两个强有力的国家集团，谁也不能对当前的趋势放心－－双方都因现代武器的代价而感到不胜负担，双方都对于致命的原子力量不断发展而产生应有的惊骇，可是双方都在

竞谋改变那不稳定的恐怖均衡，而此种均衡却可以暂时阻止人类最后从事战争。

so let us begin anew -- remembering on both sides that civility is not a sign of weakness, and sincerity is always subject to proof. let us never negotiate out of fear,

but let us never fear to negotiate.

因此让我们重新开始，双方都应记住，谦恭并非懦弱的征象，而诚意则永远须要验证。

让我们永不因畏惧而谈判。但让我们永不要畏惧谈判。

let both sides explore what problems unite us instead of belaboring those

problems which divide us.

让双方探究能使我们团结在一起的是什么问题，而不要虚耗心力于使我们分篇五：肯尼

迪就职演讲之修辞分析

一篇演讲的成功，往往是多种因素的综合，但语言文字方面的修辞运用，则十分重要。纵观美国各个时期的著名演讲词，都无一例外地运用了各种修辞手段，下面对肯尼迪总统的

《就职演说》（inaugural address）中的修辞来作一下分析。

“we dare not tempt them with weakness. for only when our arms are sufficient beyond doubt can we be certain beyond doubt that they will be never employed.”（翻译：我们不敢已示弱去诱惑他们，因为只有当我们有无可置疑的充足的武力时，我们才能有无可置疑的把握永远不必使用这些武力。）用红色字体标出的“beyond doubt”采用了重复（repetition）的修辞方法，它的重复，有效地强化了语意，更富节奏感，使演讲更

有气势，同时加深了听众的印象。

“now the trumpet summons us again — not as a call to bear arms, though arms we need: not as a call to battle, though embattled we are；but a call to bear the burden of a long twilight struggle…”(翻译：现在那号角又在召唤我们。不是号召

我们扛起武器，虽然我们需要武器；不是号召我们去作战，虽然我们是准备应战，而是号召我们肩负起一场阴森惨淡的长期斗争的重任…) 这段采用了排比parallelism的修辞，而且将排比与重复（repetition）融合使用，既强调了文章，又使句子显得整齐而不雷同，匀称

而不呆板。讲说出来，既节奏鲜明、铿锵动听，同时又跌宕有致，富于变化。

“…and to remember that, in the past, those who foolishly sought power by

riding the back of the tiger ended up inside.” 这一句运用了比

喻中的隐喻（metaphor）, 用比喻来阐述道理，使听众于生动的形象中得到启发，受到感染，折服于演说家。这一句既表明演说家的态度，同时也是对本段上文的形象化总结，

这远比讲美国今后不会对加入自由国家行列的其他国家进行奴役之类的承诺有说服力得多。

上面就对肯尼迪演讲词作了简略的分析，演讲除了内容主旨重要的同时，如果注意语言

文字的修辞，无疑对于提高演讲的表达力与说服力大有裨益。

后面附上演讲的视频和演讲文本。