初中英语动词不定式

动词不定式用法

动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能作谓语。但动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词特征,在句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、表语和状语等多种成分。另外，动词不定式具有动词特点，可以有自己的宾语和状语，组成动词不定式短语.动词不定式的肯定形式是to＋do；其否定形式是not to＋do.

下面以动词不定式在句中的作用来予以详细说明。

1．作主语

可以直接作主语。如： To see is to believe．

但在英语中，常用it作形式主语,真正的主语即动词不定式放在后面。如：

It’s wrong to play tricks on other people．

It’s our duty to keep our environment clean and tidy．

点击规律：动词不定式在句中作主语时，常放在It is ＋adj．（形容词）＋to do sth．或 It is ＋n．(名词）＋to do sth．句型中，it仅作形式主语.

2．作宾语

a．want，decide ，agree等动词后面跟并且只能跟不定式。如：

We agreed to start early．

She wants to be a doctor．

b．love，like ,begin，start,hate ，prefer等词后面可以接不定式。

点击规律:上述动词后面除接不定式外，还可以接动名词，意思无很大区别.

提示板:like doing指经常性动作，而like to do指一次性的动作.如：

I like swimming,but I don't like to swim now．我喜欢游泳，但我现在不想游。

c．stop,forget，remember,go on ,try等词或短语后面可以接不定式。

点击规律：上述动词后面接不定式和接动名词意思大不相同。

提示板：

1）stop to do sth．:停止一件事，去做另一件事。

stop doing sth．：停止正在做的事。

例句：When the teacher came in，the students stopped talking；when he came out，the students stopped to talk． 当老师走进来时，学生们停止说话；当老师走出去时，学生们又开始说话。

2）思考：forget，remember，go on，try等词或短语后面接不定式和动名词用法有何区别?

d．在find／feel＋it＋adj．＋to do sth．句型中，it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。如：

The man downstairs found it difficult to get to sleep．

I feel it easy to recite the text．

点击规律:某些动词或短语后面既可以接动词不定式作宾语，又可接动名词作宾语,二者用法上的区别可以通过造句子加以区分，如上面stop例句。

3．作宾语补足语

a．tell，ask,want，order，teach，invite，warn，wish,help，get，wish，help等词后面常接不定式作宾补。如：

I tell him not to go there by bus ．

Edison’s mother taught him to read and write．

b．let，make,have,see，hear，feel，watch， notice后面接不带to的不定式作宾补。如:

The boss makes them work 16 hours a day． I heard her sing in the next room．

提示板：若变成被动语态，在上述结构中，不定式符号to要加上.如：

They are made to work 16 hours a day by the boss．

She was heard to sing in the next room．

4．作定语：放在被修饰的名词、代词后面

例句:I have a lot of work to do．

The doctor said he could do nothing to help the boy．

点击规律：动词不定式若在句中作定语，常放在被修饰的名词、代词之后。

提示板:如果动词不定式和前面所修饰的词构成动宾关系，若动词是不及物动词，切记不要忘掉介词。如：

I have a small bedroom to live in．

Have you got some pens to write with？

5．表语:放在连系动词be后面

例句：His wish is to become a scientist．

The first important thing is to save the soldiers’ lives．

当务之急是抢救战士们的生命。

点击规律：动词不定式在句中作表语时,通常对连系动词前面的名词进行诠释说明。

6．作状语

a．目的状语:放在go，come，use，live，in order等词后面。如：

I come to see you．

He runs fast in order to get there in time．

b．原因状语：放在sorry，glad，surprised， disappointed，excited等词后面。如：

I am glad to see you here．

I am sorry to trouble you．

c．作结果状语。如：

Some of the apples are hard to reach．

The room is large enough to hold 1000 people．

7．与what，who,whose，when，where， how等疑问词连用,作宾语、宾语补足

语、主语等.如: I don’t know what to do next．（宾语)

He taught us how to use the computer．(宾语补足语）

It’s still a question how to get there．(主语）

1. Don’t forget _________ the letter.

A. to send B. send C。 sending D。 being sent

2。 The chair looks very old, but in fact it is very comfortable to _________.

A。 sit B。 sit on C。 be sat D. be sat on

3. Is ______ necessary to return the book tomorrow?

A。 this B。 that C. it D. which

4. I'm afraid they would not allow him ________ here.

A. to smoke B。 smoking C。 smokes D。 smoke

5. Mother told me ________ the water before I drank it。

A. boiling B. boiled C. boil D。 to boil

6. On my way home， I stopped _______ some food。

A. buy B. to buy C。 buying D. bought

7. John was made _______ the car for a week as a punishment.

A. to wash B。 washing C。 wash D。 to be washing

8。 The sitting—room needs _______， but it’ll have to wait until Saturday.

A. be cleaning B. to be cleaned C. clean D. being cleaned

9。 The first thing I want to do is __________。

A。 visit to him B. to visit him C. visiting him D. visited him

10。 Li Yang advised me _________ too much， otherwise I would have been drunk。

A。 not to drink B. to drink C。 not drinking D。 drinking

一. 用动词不定式或ing分词填空

1。 I enjoy_________.（sing） 2. What do you want________（do) next ？

3。 I learnt ______（swim) when I was three years old. 4。 I was very upset and

started_____ (cry).

5。 I hope _______（see) you again soon。 6. It is a fine day today, so I suggest_____(go) for a walk.

7。 Have you finished _________ （mop) the floor。8. He was very angry and refuse __(say)anything.

9。 Where is Lily ？ I need ________（talk） with her。

10. I am too fat， so I have decided _________(do) more exercise.

二。 选出正确答案

( ）1。 I usually go ________ with my mother at weekends.

A。 shop B。 to shop C. shopping

( )2。 He is not old enough ________ to school。

A。 to go B。 go C. going

（ ）3。 The man admitted _________the bank.

A. rob B. to rob C. robbing

（ ）4。 People must stop ________down trees。

A。 to cut B。 cutting C。 cut

( )5. I’d rather_______ a cup of coffee.

A. to have B. having D。 have

（ )6. Mike managed to give up _________。

A。 to smoke B。 smoking C. smoke

（ ）7。 I am sorry to have kept you ________ for such a long time。

A. to wait B。 waiting C。 wait

（ )8。 She has a nice voice。 I often hear her________ in the morning。

A。 singing B. to sing C. sing

（ ）9. I don’t like traveling by boat, it always makes me ______sick。

A。 to feel B. feeling C. feel

（ ）10. Let me_______ you around the city.

A。 show B。 to show C。 showing

（ )11。 I put the flowers on the porch_______ from the rain。

A. protecting B. to protect C. protected D。 to be protected

( )12。 Kathy decided ______ hard and make herself______ behind the others。

A. to work; not fall B. working； not to fall

C. to work; fall D. working; to fall

（ ）13。 She forgot_______ the TV when she left home。

A. to turn off B。 turned off C. turning off D。 turn off

( )14。 My parents want me ________ good marks.

A。 get B。 to get C. getting D。 got

（ )15. The doctor asked Mary ________the medicine three times a day.

A. not to remember taking B。 not to forget taking

C. not to remember to take D. not to forget to take

（ )16. His job is________ the students' meetings。

A. organize B。 to organize C。 organizing D. organized

( ）17. What about_______ a letter to your friend on the Internet ？

A. try sending B。 try to send C。 trying sending D. trying to send

( )18。Let him________ it by himself。

A。 to do B. doing C. did D. do

( )19. The customers watched the unusual bird_______ in the inn.

A。 dance B. to dance C. danced D. dancing

（ ）20. At the police station， the boy admitted _______ the necklace at last。

A. to steal B。 stealing C. stole D. steal

( )21。 It is impossible ________.

A. for me to go to bed early B. to me to go to bed early

C. for me go to bed early D。 to me go to bed early

( )22. I remember________ my wallet here。 But I can’t_______ now。

A. putting； find B. to put; finding

C。 to put; be found D。 putting; be found

( ）23。 Could you tell me _______ work out the problem ?

A. how B. how can I C. how to D。 how will I

（ ）24. I saw a little boy________ a kite yesterday afternoon.

A. flew B. fly C. to fly D. flying

( ）25。 His jokes made us all _________.

A. to laugh B. laughing C。 laugh D。 laughing

（ )26。 It’s very kind of you_______ me with my English.

A。 help B。 helping C. to help D。 helps

( ）27. He promised__________ me a nice car。

A。 buy B. to buy C. bought D。 to have bought

（ )28. Mother told me ________ walk along the river.

A。 do not B。 not to C. to not D。 not

( ）29。 Her ambition is ________ an engineer.

（ ( ( ( A. become B。 to become C。 be D。 /

)30。 You’d better ________a rest now。

A. to have B。 have C。 having D。 had

)31。 Thank you for ________me the secret。

A. telling B. tell C. to tell D。 told

）32。 I used to______ in the countryside, now I am used to_____ in the city

A。 living； live B. living; living C。 live; living D。 live; live

）33. The detective is busy_______ clues and he has _______ some valuable A. looking for; find B. finding； looked for

C. looking for； found D。 find; looked for

proof.

（ ）34. This film is worth ________。

A. to see B. seeing C. seen D. saw

( )35。 I was allowed to play football after_________ my homework.

A。 do B。 did C。 doing D. done

( ）36. China is becoming __________.

A。 strong and strong B stronger and strong

C. stronger and stronger D。 strong and stronger

（ ）37。 The population of China is larger than ________ of America。

A. those B。 that C。 it D。 this

( )38。 Our city is getting _________ 。

A. more beautiful and more beautiful

B. more and more beautiful

C. beautifuler and beautifuler

D. beautiful and beautiful

（ )39. Taxis in Shenyang are cheaper than ________ in Beijing。

A. that B. it C. this D。 those

（ )40. I prefer_______ basketball to _______ football.

A. playing; playing B. playing; play

C。 play; playing D. play； play

（二）句子的种类

可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。

1. 凡是说明一件事情，提出一个看法，或者表达一种心情的句子都是陈述句。大多数的句子都是陈述句，它可以用肯定式和否定式,句末用句号“。\"，通常用降调.

掌握陈述句的肯定式和否定式的构成及用法。

e。g。 We live in Tianjin. （肯定句）我们住在天津。

We don’t live in Shanghai。 （否定句)我们不住在上海。

注意：（1）在一般现在时的肯定式中,主语是第三人称单数时，动词要改成第三人称单

数形式。

e.g. John studies Chinese very well.

（2）一般现在时和一般过去时的否定式要加助动词do （does), did.

e。g。 I don’t like swimming。 我不喜欢游泳。

He doesn’t have lunch at home every day. 他每天不在家吃午饭。

They didn't play football yesterday。 他们昨天没有踢足球.

2。 掌握一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句的构成、用法和答语。注意在一般现在时和一般过去时的疑问句要加助动词do（does), did.

e。g. Do you often speak English at school ? 在学校你常讲英语吗？

Does she have a brother ？ = Has she got a brother ？ 她有兄弟吗?

Did it take you two hours to do your homework last night ？

昨天晚上做作业花了你2个小时吗？

What do you often do on Sundays ？

星期日你常常干什么?

When does your father get up every morning ?

你父亲每天早晨几点钟起床？

Why didn't your teacher come to school yesterday ？

昨天你们的老师为什么没来学校呢？

提出两种或两种以上的情况，要求对方选择一种,这种疑问句叫选择疑问句.结构是：“一般疑问句＋or＋一般疑问句”，但常把后一部分里面和前一部分相同的成分省略。说明or前面部分用升调，后面部分用降调.

e。g. Is her brother an artist or a doctor ?

她的兄弟是一个艺术家还是个医生？

Would you like tea or coffee ?

你愿意喝茶还是喝咖啡？

Shall we go to the cinema on Saturday or on Sunday ?

我们是周六还是周日去电影院？

反意疑问句表示提问者有一定的主见，但没把握，希望对方来证实.

注意反意疑问句的结构是：肯定的陈述句＋否定的疑问句（缩略形式)

或：否定的陈述句＋肯定的疑问句(缩略形式）

两部分的人称和时态要一致。

特别要注意否定的疑问句中的助动词必须缩写，主语（最后一个词）必须是代词而不能是名词。

e。g. Your sister has ever been to Shanghai ， hasn’t she ?

你姐姐曾经去过上海是吗？

The boys didn't find anything ， did they ？

男孩子们什么也没找到/发现,是不是？

在回答反意疑问句时，要根据事实而定,事实是肯定的要回答Yes ， …,事实是否定的要回答No， ….

e。g. He isn't going to the meeting , is he ？

他不去参加会,是吗?

Yes ， he is 。 不，他要去。

No , he isn't。 是的/对，他不去。

It didn't snow last week ， did it ?

上周没有下雪，对吗?

Yes , it did. / No , it didn’t。 不，下雪了.是的，没下雪。

3. 掌握祈使句的肯定式和否定式。祈使句没有主语。指让对方做某事，动词要用原形。表示请求，命令、建议等。

e.g。 Go back to your seat , please。 请回到你的座位上去.

Don’t make so much noise。 不要吵吵闹闹。

Let’s go to school together ! 咱们一起上学去吧!

（let's是含有第一人称主语的祈使句）

Let him help the child。 让他帮助那个孩子。（let him是含有第三人称主语的祈使句）

注意：否定形式是Let's （us ， me)+not +动词原形

e.g. Let’s not say anything about it.

对于这件事，咱们什么也不要说了。

4。 表示喜怒哀乐等强烈感情时用感叹句，理解由What和How引导的感叹句的语序和感叹句的使用方法.How和What与所修饰的词放在句首，其它部分用陈述句语序。在口语中谓语常省略.

（1）how作状语，修饰形容词，副词或动词

结构：How+形容词/副词＋主语＋谓语

How nice the flowers are ！ 花多漂亮啊！

How hard he works ！ 他工作的多努力啊！

（2)what作宾语，修饰名词（名词前可有其他定语）,单词可数名词前要加不定冠词a（an).

结构：What a （an）+形容词＋名词＋主语＋谓语

e。g。 What a clever girl （she is ）!

她是一个多么聪明的女孩啊！

What delicious food ! 多么好吃的食物啊！

反意疑问句练习

1.My mom bought me a medium coke,______? 2。You went to your grandma's home,________?

3。He will go home，________? 4.She doesn’t like to eat apples，_______？

5.Your room looks so big，_______？ 6。You won't sleep early，_________?

7.Your are never late for school,_______? 8。You watched the football match last week，______?

9。My mother is cooking，__________? 10.Your father plays the computer very well，__________？

11。You were moved by your students，________？12。Jogging makes us healthy，______________？

13。The sewing machine can make the clothes，_____?14.My mother doesn’t enjoy smoking,_____？

15.You don’t want to bo a teacher in the future，________？16.You look so happy today,________？

三、把下列的句子改为感叹句。（答案不唯一）

⒈ A： Jill is drawing a beautiful picture. B: ___________________________

⒉ A: Mr Wang is a busy man. B： ___________________________

⒊ A: The cat is very happy. B: ___________________________

⒋ A: The tractor is going very slowly. B: ___________________________

⒌ A： He is very lucky 。B： ___________________________

⒍ A: It is a wet day today. B: ___________________________

⒎ A： They started early. B: ___________________________

⒏ A： They waited a long time .B: ___________________________

⒐ A： He is wearing a large shirt. B： ___________________________

⒑ A： The dolphin is playing happily。 B: ___________________________