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大学英语课程学位考试试题(参考答案见题后)

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大学英语课程学位考试试题（参考答案见题后）

Part I. Reading Comprehension Passage1

The picnics, speeches, and parades of today’s Labor Day were all part of the first celebration, held in New York City in 1882. Its promoter was an Irish-American labor leader named peter J. McGuire. A carpenter by trade, McGuire had worked since the age of eleven, and in 1882 was president of the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners (UBCJ). Approaching the City’s Central Labor Union that summer, he proposed a holiday that would applaud（赞许）”the industrial spirit-the great vital force of every nation,” On September 5 his suggestion bore fruit, as an estimated 10,000 workers, many of them ignoring their bosses’ warnings, left work to march from Union square up Fifth Avenue to 42nd Street. The event gained national attention, and by 1893 thirty states had made Labor Day an annual holiday.

The quick adoption of the scheme may have indicated less about the state lawmakers’ respect for working people than about a fear of risking their anger. In the 1880s the United States was a land sharply divided between the immensely wealthy and the very poor. Henry George was accurate in describing the era as one of ―progress and poverty.‖ In a society in which factory, owners rode in private Pullmans while ten-year-olds slaved in the mines, strong anti-capitalist feeling ran high. Demands for fundamental change were common throughout the labor press. With socialists demanding an end to “wage slavery” and anarchists（无政府主义）singing the praises of the virtues of dynamite（炸药）, middle-of-the-roaders like Samuel Gompers and McGuire seemed attractively mild by comparison. One can imagine practical capitalists seeing Labor Day as a bargain: A one-day party certainly cost them less than paying their workers decent wages.

1 Judging from the passage, McGuire was _____A_______. A) a moderate labor leader

B) an extreme-anarchist in the labor movement

C) a devoted socialist fighting against exploitation of man by man D) a firm anti-capitalist demanding the elimination of wage slavery

2. We can see from the first paragraph that the first Labor Day march ___C______. A) immediately won nationwide support B) involved workers from 30 states

C) was opposed by many factory owners D) was organized by the UBCJ

3. Which of the following is the key factor in the immediate approval of Labor Day as a national holiday? D A) The lawmakers’ respect for the workers

B) The worker’s determination to have a holiday of their own.

C) The socialists’ demands for thorough reform D) The politicians’ fear of the workers’ anger.

4. We lean from the passage that the establishment of Labor Day ___A_________. A) was accepted by most bosses as a compromise

B) marked a turning point in the workers’ struggle for more rights C) indicated the improvement of the workers’ welfare D) signaled the end of ―wage slavery‖

Passage 2

Statuses are marvelous human inventions that enable us to get along with one another and to determine where we ―fit‖ in society. As we go about our everyday lives, we mentally attempt to place people in terms of their statuses. For example, we must judge whether the person in the library is a reader or a librarian, whether the telephone caller is a friend or a salesman, whether the unfamiliar person on our property is thief or a meter reader, and so on.

The statuses we assume often vary with the people we encounter, and change throughout life. Most of us can, at very high speed, assume the statuses that various situations require. Much of social interaction consists of identifying and selecting among appropriate statuses and allowing other people to assume their statuses in relation to us. This means that we fit our actions to those of other people based on a constant mental process of appraisal and interpretation. Although some of us find the task more difficult than others, most of us perform it rather effortlessly.

A status has been compared to ready-made clothes. Within certain limits, the buyer can choose style and fabric. But an American is not free to choose the costume（服装）of a Chinese peasant or that of a Hindu prince. We must choose from among the clothing presented by our society. Furthermore, our choice is limited to a size that will fit, as well as by our pocketbook（钱包）. Having made a choice within these limits we can have certain alterations made, but apart from minor adjustments, we tend to be limited to what the stores have on their racks. Statuses too come ready made, and the range of choice among them is limited.

1. In the first paragraph, the writer tells us that statuses can help us ____B____. A) determine whether a person is fit for a certain job B) behave appropriately in relation to other people C) protect ourselves in unfamiliar situations D) make friends with other people

2. According to the writer, people often assume different statuses ___D_____. A) in order to identify themselves with others B) in order to better identify others

C) as their mental processes change D) as the situation changes

3. The word ―appraisal‖ (Line 5, Para.2) most probably means ―____C______‖. A) involvement B) appreciation C) assessment D) presentation

4. In the last sentence of the second paragraph, the pronoun ―it‖ refers to ―___A_____‖. A) fitting our actions to those of other people appropriately B) identification of other people’s statuses C) selecting one’s own statuses D) constant mental process

Passage3

Upon reaching an appropriate age (usually between 18 and 21 years), children are encouraged, but not forced, to ―leave the nest‖ and begin an independent life. After children leave home they often find social relationship and financial support outside the family. Parents do not arrange marriages for their children, nor do children usually ask permission of their parents to get married, Romantic love is most often the basis for marriage in the United States; young adults meet their future spouses (配偶) through other friends, at jobs, and in organizations and religious institutions, Although children choose their own spouses, they still hope their parents will approve of their choices.

In many families, parents feel that children should make major life decisions by themselves. A parent may try to influence a child to follow a particular profession but the child is free to choose another career. Sometimes children do precisely the opposite of what their parents wish in order to assert their independence. A son may deliberately decide not to go into his father’s business because of a fear that he will lose his autonomy in his father’s workplace. This independence from parents is not an indication that parents and children do not love each other. Strong love between parents and children is universal and this is no exception in the American family Coexisting with such love in the American family are cultural values of self – reliance and independence. 1. The writer discusses the marriage of young adults in order to show which of the following? C A) They enjoy the freedom of choosing their spouses. B) They want to win the permission of their parents. C) They have a strong desire to become independent. D) They want to challenge the authority of their parents.

2. Most young adults in the U.S. get married for the sake of ___A_.

A) love

B) financial concern C) their parents

D) family background

3. Based on the passage, it can be assumed that ___C___.

A) American young adults are likely to follow the suit of their parents B) most American people never make major decisions for their children C) American young adults possess cultural values of independence

D) once a young person steps into his twenties, he will leave his home permanently 4. A son is unwilling to work in his father’s business mainly because __B___. A) he wishes to make full use of what he has learnt in school B) he wants to prove his independence

C) he wishes to do the opposite of what his parents approve of D) he wants to show his love for his parents

Passage4

Exchange a glance with someone, then look away. Do you realize that you have made a statement? Hold the glance for a second longer, and you have made a different statement. Hold it for 3 seconds, and the meaning has changed again. For every social situation, there is a permissible time that you can hold a person’s gaze without being intimate, rude, or aggressive. If you are on an elevator, what gaze-time are you permitted? To answer this question, consider what you typically do. You very likely give other passengers a quick glance to size them up（打量）and to assure them that you mean no threat. Since being close to another person signals the possibility of interaction. You need to emit a signal telling others you want to be left alone. So you cut off eye contact, what sociologist Erving Goffman (1963) calls ―a dimming of the lights.‖ You look down at the floor, at the indicator lights, anywhere but into another passenger’s eyes. Should you break the rule against staring at a stranger on an elevator, you will make the other person exceedingly uncomfortable, and you are likely to feel a bit strange yourself.

If you hold eye contact for more than 3 seconds, what are you telling another person? Much depends on the person and the situation. For instance, a man and a woman communicate interest in this manner. They typically gaze at each other for about 3 seconds at a time, then drop their eyes down for 3 seconds, before letting their eyes meet again. But if one man gives another man a 3-second-plus stare, he signals, ―I know you‖, ―I am interested in you,‖ or ―You look peculiar and I am curious about you.‖ This type of stare often produces hostile feelings.

1. It can be inferred form the first paragraph that _____A__.

A) every glance has its significance

B) staring at a person is an expression of interest C) a gaze longer than 3 seconds is unacceptable D) a glance conveys more meaning than words

2. If you want to be left alone on an elevator, the best thing to do is ___B_______. A) to look into another passenger’s eyes

B) to avoid eye contact with other passengers C) to signal you are not a threat to anyone D) to keep a distance from other passengers

3. By ―a dimming of the lights‖ (Para.1, Line 9) Erving Goffman means ―_C______‖. A) closing one’s eyes B) turning off the lights

C) creasing to glance at others

D) reducing gaze-time to the minimum

4. If one is looked at by a stranger for too long, he tends to feel __B_________. A) depressed B) uneasy C) curious D) amused

Passage5

After the violent earthquake that shook Los Angeles in 1994, earthquake scientists had good news to report: The damage and death toll（死亡人数）could have been much worse.

More than 60 people died in this earthquake. By comparison, as earthquake of similar intensity that shook America in 1988 claimed 25,000 victims.

Injuries and deaths were relatively less in Los Angeles because the quake occurred at 4:31 a.m. on a holiday, when traffic was light on the city’s highways. In addition, changes made to the construction codes in Los Angeles during the last 20 years have strengthened the city’s buildings and highways, making them more resistant to quakes.

Despite the good new, civil engineers aren’t resting on their successes. Pinned to their drawing boards are blueprints（蓝图）for improved quake-resistant buildings. The new designs should offer even greater security to cities where earthquakes often take place. In the past, making structures quake-resistant meant firm yet flexible materials, such as steel and wood, that bend without breaking. Later, people tried to lift a building off its foundation, and insert rubber and steel between the building and its foundation to

reduce the impact of ground vibrations. The most recent designs give buildings brains as well as concrete and steel supports. Called smart buildings, the structures respond like living organisms to an earthquake’s vibrations. When the ground shakes and the building tips forward, the computer would force the building to shift in the opposite direction.

The new smart structures could be very expensive to build. However, they would save many lives and would be less likely to be damaged during earthquakes.

1. One reason why the loss of lives in the Los Angeles earthquake was comparatively low is that _____D____. A) new computers had been installed in the buildings

B) it occurred in the residential areas rather than on the highways C) large numbers of Los Angeles residents had gone for a holiday

D) improvements had been made in the construction of buildings and highways 2. The function of the computer mentioned in the passage is to __A___. A) counterbalance an earthquake’s action on the building B) predict the coming of an earthquake with accuracy C) help strengthen the foundation of the building D) measure the impact of an earthquake’s vibrations 3. The smart buildings discussed in the passage ___B___ A) would cause serious financial problems B) would be worthwhile though costly

C) would increase the complexity of architectural design D) can reduce the ground vibrations caused by earthquakes

4. It can be inferred from the passage that in minimizing the damage caused by earthquakes attention should be focused on ___C____. A) the increasing use of rubber and steel in capital construction B) the development of flexible building materials C) the reduction of the impact of ground vibrations D) early forecasts of earthquakes

Passage6

Until the 1980s, the American homeless population comprised mainly older males. Today, homelessness strikes much younger part of society. In fact, a 25-city survey by the U. S. Conference of Mayors in 1987 found that families with children make up the fastest growing part of the homeless population. Many homeless children gather in inner cities; this transient(变化无常的) and frequently frightened student population creates additional problems — both legal and educational — for already overburdened urban school administrators and teachers.

Estimates of the number of homeless Americans range from 350,000 to three million. Likewise, estimates of the number of

homeless school children vary radically. A U.S. Department of Education report, based on state estimates, states that there are 220,000 homeless school-age children, about a third of whom do not attend school on a regular basis, But the National Coalition（联合,联盟，合并，结合）。for the Homeless estimates that there are at least two times as many homeless children, and that less than half of them attend school regularly. One part of the homeless population that is particularly difficult to count consists of the ―throwaway‖ youths who have been cast of their homes. The Elementary School Center in New York City estimates that there are 1.5 million of them,

many of whom are not counted as children because they do not stay in family shelters and tend to live by themselves on the streets. Federal law, the Stewart B. McKinney Homeless Assistance Act of 1987, includes a section that addresses the educational needs of homeless children. The educational provisions of the McKinney Act are based on the belief that all homeless children have the right to a free, appropriate education.

1. It is implied in the first paragraph that __C__.

A) the writer himself is homeless, even in his eighties

B) many older homeless residents are going on strike in 25 cities C) there is a serious shortage of academic facilities

D) homeless children are denied the opportunity of receiving free education

2. The National Coalition for the homeless believes that the number of homeless children is _C_. A) 350,000 B) 1,500,000 C) 440,000 D) 110,000

3. One part of the homeless population is difficult to estimate. The reason might well be _D___. A) the homeless children are too young to be counted as children B) the homeless population is growing rapidly

C) the homeless children usually stay outside school D) some homeless children are deserted by their families

4. The McKinney Act is mentioned in this passage in order to show that ___A. A) the educational problems of homeless children are being recognized B) the estimates on homeless children are hard to determine C) the address of grade-school children should be located D) all homeless people are entitled to free education

Passage7

Where do pesticides (杀虫剂) fit into the picture of environmental disease? We have seen that they now pollute soil, water and food, that they have the power to make our streams fishless and our gardens and woodlands silent and birdless. Man, however much he may like to pretend the contrary, is part of nature. Can he escape a pollution that is now so thoroughly distributed throughout our world:

We know that even single exposures to these chemicals, if the amount is large enough, can cause extremely severe poisoning. But this is not the major problem. The sudden illness or death of farmers, farmworkers, and others exposed to sufficient quantities of pesticides is very sad and should not occur. For the population as a whole, we must be more concerned with the delayed effects of absorbing small amounts of the pesticides that invisibly pollute our world.

Responsible public health officials have pointed out that the biological effects of chemicals are cumulative (累积) over long periods of time, and that the danger to individual may depend on the sum of the exposures received throughout his lifetime. For these very reasons the danger is easily ignored. It is human nature to shake off what may seem to us a threat of future disaster. \"Men are naturally most impressed by diseases which have obvious signs, \" says a wise physician, Dr Rene Dubos, \"yet some of their worst enemies slowly approach them unnoticed.\"

1. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the sentence \"Man... is part of nature\" (Para. 1, Lines 3-4)? B A) Man appears indifferent to what happens in nature. B) Man acts as if he does not belong to nature.

C) Man can avoid the effects of environmental pollution.

D) Man can escape his responsibilities for environmental effects of pesticides? 2. What is the author's attitude toward the environmental effects of pesticides? D A) Pessimistic C) Defensive B) Indifferent D) Concerned

3. In the author's view, the sudden death caused by exposure to large amounts of pesticides ___A__. A) is not the worst of the negative consequences resulting from the use of pesticides B) now occurs most frequently among all accidental deaths

C) has sharply increased so as to become the center of public attention D) is unavoidable because people can't do without pesticides in farming

4. People tend to ignore the delayed effects of exposure to chemical because __C___. A) limited exposure to them does little harm to people's health B) the present is more important for them than the future C) the danger does not become apparent immediately

D) humans are capable of withstanding small amounts of poisoning

Passage8

The speaker, a teacher from a community college, addressed a sympathetic audience. Heads nodded in agreement when he said, ―High school English teachers are not doing their jobs.‖ He described the inadequacies of his students, all high school graduates who can use language only at a grade 9 level. I was unable to determine from his answers to my questions how this grade 9 level had been established.

My topic is not standards nor its decline（降低）. What the speaker was really saying is that eh is no longer young; he has been teaching for sixteen years, and is able to think and speak like a mature adult.

My point is that the frequent complaint of one generation about the one immediately following it is inevitable. It is also human nature to look for the reasons for our dissatisfaction. Before English became a school subject in the late nineteenth century, it was difficult to find the target of the blame for language deficiencies（缺陷）. But since then, English teachers have been under constant attack.

The complainers think they have hit upon an original idea. As their own command of the language improves, they notice that young people do not have this same ability. Unaware that their own ability has developed through the years, they assume the new generation of young people must be hopeless in this respect. To the eyes and ears of sensitive adults the language of the young always seems inadequate.

Since this concern about the decline and fall of the English language is not perceived as a generational phenomenon but rather as something new and peculiar to today’s young people, it naturally follows that today’s English teachers cannot be doing their jobs. Otherwise, young people would not commit offenses against the language. 1. The speaker the author mentioned in the passage believed that ___D____.

A) the language of the younger generation is usually inferior to that of the older generation B) the students had a poor command of English because they didn’t work hard enough

C) he was an excellent language teacher because he had been teaching English for sixteen years D) English teachers should be held responsible for the students’ poor command of English 2. In the author’s opinion, the speaker _B_____.

A) gave a correct judgment of the English level of the students B) had exaggerated the language problems of the students

C) was right in saying that English teachers were not doing their jobs D) could think and speak intelligently

3. The author’s attitude towards the speaker’s remarks is ___C___. A) neutral B) positive C) critical

D) compromising

Passage9

Even plants can run a fever, especially when they’re under attack by insects or disease. But unlike humans, plants can have their temperature taken from 3,000 feet away-straight up. A decade ago, adapting the infrared（红外线）scanning technology developed for military purposes and other satellites, physicist Stephen Paley came up with a quick way to take the temperature of crops to determine which ones are under stress. The goal was to let farmers precisely target pesticide（杀虫剂）spraying rather than rain poison on a whole field, which invariably includes plants that don’t have pest（害虫）problems.

Even better, Paley’s Remote Scanning Services Company could detect crop problems before they became visible to the eye. Mounted on a plane flown at 3,000 feet at night, an infrared scanner measured the heat emitted by crops. The data were transformed into a color-coded map showing where plants were running ―fevers‖. Farmers could then spot-spray, using 50 to 70 percent less pesticide than they otherwise would.

The bad news is that Paley’s company closed down in 1984, after only three years. Farmers resisted the new technology and long-term backers were hard to find. But with the renewed concern about pesticides on produce, and refinements in infrared scanning, Paley hopes to get back into operation. Agriculture experts have no doubt the technology works. ―This technique can be used on 75 percent of agricultural land in the United States,‖ says George Oerther of Texas A&M. Ray Jackson, who recently retired from the Department of Agriculture, thinks remote infrared crop scanning could be adopted by the end of the decade. But only if Paley finds the financial backing which he failed to obtain 10 years ago.

1. Plants will emit an increased amount of heat when they are __C______. A) sprayed with pesticides B) facing an infrared scanner C) in poor physical condition D) exposed to excessive sun rays

2. In order to apply pesticide spraying precisely, we can use infrared scanning to _D_____. A) estimate the damage to the crops B) draw a color-coded map

C) measure the size of the affected area D) locate the problem area

3. Farmers can save a considerable amount of pesticide by __A____. A) resorting to spot-spraying

B) consulting infrared scanning experts C) transforming poisoned rain

D) detecting crop problems at an early date

Passage10

The greatest contribution to civilization in the century may well be the air-conditioning and American leads just as amazing is the speed with which this situation came to be. Air-conditioning began to spread in industries as a production aid during World War Ⅱ. Today most Americans need to take air-conditioning for granted to homes, offices, factories, theatres, shops, studios, schools, hotels, and restaurants.

But not everybody is aware that high cost and easy comfort are merely two of the effects of the vast cooling of American. In fact, air conditioning has substantially altered the country’s character and customs.

Many of the byproducts are so conspicuous that they are scarcely noticed. To begin with, air-conditioning transformed the face of America by making possible those glassy, boxy, sealed-in skyscrapers. It has been indispensable, no less, to the functioning of sensitive advanced computers, whose high operating temperatures require that they be constantly cooled. . .

It has, at will, forced families into retreating into families with closed doors and shut windows, reducing the interactions of neighborhood life. It is really surprising that the public’s often noted withdrawal into self-pursuit and privacy has coincided with the historic spread of air-conditioning. Though science has little studied how habitual air-conditioning affects mind and body, some medical experts suggest that, like other technical avoidance of natural variations in climate, air-conditioning may damage the human capacity to adapt to stress. If so, air-conditioning is only like many other greatly useful technical developments that liberate man from nature by increasing his productivity and power in some way - while indirectly weakening him in others.

1. According to this selection, which of the following constitutes the unique character of U.S.? A A) Its excessive use of air-conditioning. B) Its advanced computerized civilization. C) Its public’s retreating into self-pursuit.

D) Its greatest contribution to human civilization.

2. According to the author, the chief consequence brought about by the wide application of air-conditioning is __B_. A)the loss of human capacity to adapt to changes in climate B)the reduction of social communications of neighborhood life C)the active life style of all its users

D)the decreased human production and power

3. The tone of this selection reveals that air-conditioning __C__. A)has little effect on its users

B)has more effect on body than on mind

C)brings more benefits than damage to its users

D)does harm as well as good to its users

4. Who benefits the least from air-conditioning according to the author? D A)Medical experts. B)Manufacturers. C)Factory laborers. D)Consumers.

Passage11

For any given task in Britain there are more men than are needed. Strong unions keep them there in Fleet Street, home of some London's biggest dailies, it is understood that when two unions quarrel over three jobs, the argument is settled by giving each union two. That means 33 per cent overmanning, 33 per cent less productivity than could be obtained.

A reporter who has visited plants throughout Europe has an impression that the pace of work is much slower here. Nobody tries too hard. Tea breaks do matter and are frequent. It is hard to measure intensity of work, but Britons give a distinct impression of going at their tasks in a more leisurely way.

But is all this so terrible? It certainly does not improve the gross national product or output per worker. Those observant visitors, however, have noticed something else about Britain. It is a pleasant place.

Street crowds in Stockholm. Paris and New York move quickly and silently heads down, all in a hurry. London crowds tend to walk at an easy pace ( except in the profitable, efficient City, the financial district).

Every stranger is struck by the patient and orderly way in which Britons queue for a bus: if the saleswoman is slow and out of stock she will likely say, 'oh dear, what a pity'; the rubbish collectors stop to chat (聊天) and call the housewives \"Luv\". Crime rises here as in every city but there still remains a gentle tone and temper that is unmatched in Berlin, Milan or Detroit.

In short, what is wrong with Britain may also be what is right. Having reached a tolerable standard, Britons appear to be choosing leisure over goods.

1. What happens when disputes over job opportunities arise among British unions? B A) Thirty three per cent of the workers will be out of work. B) More people will be employed than necessary. C) More jobs will be created by the government. D) The unions will try to increase productivity.

2. What does the reporter who has visited plants throughout Europe think about Britain? ___B__ A) Tea breaks do not affect the intensity of work in Britain. B) Britons do their work in an unhurried sort of way.

C) The pace of work in Continental Europe is much slower than in Britain. D) Britons give the impression of working intensively.

3. \"The breaks matter\" (Para. 2, Line 2) indicates that ___A__. A) they are an important aspect of the British way of life B) they are greatly enjoyed by British workers

C) they can be used by the workers as an excuse to take time off from work D) they help the workers to be on good terms with each other

4. The word \"this\" (Para. 3, Line 1) the author means to say that A___. A) there are more men on any given job than are needed

B) 33 per cent overmanning leads to 33 per cent less productivity C) it is difficult to measure the intensity of work D) Britons generally do not want to work too hard

Passage12

Faces, like fingerprints, are unique. Did you ever wonder how it is possible for us to recognize people. Even a skilled writer probably could not describe all the features that make one face different from another. Yet a very young child-or even an animal, such as a pigeon-can learn to recognize faces, we all take this ability for granted.

We also tell people apart by how they behave. When we talk about someone’s personality, we mean the ways in which he or she acts, speaks thinks and feels that make that individual different from others.

Like the human face, human personality is very complex. But describing someone’s personality in words is somewhat easier than describing his face. If you were asked to describe what a ―nice face‖ looked like, you probably would have a difficult time doing so. But if you were asked to describe a ―nice person‖, you might begin to think about someone who was kind considerate, friendly, warm, and so forth.

There are many words to describe how a person thinks, feels and acts. Gordon Allport, an American psychologist, found nearly 18,000 English words characterizing differences in people’s behavior. And many of us use this information as a basis for describing, or typing, his personality. Bookworms, conservatives, military types-people are described with such terms.

People have always tried to “type” each other. actors in early Greek drama wore masks to show the audience whether they played the villain’（s坏人）or the hero’s role. In fact, the words “person” and “personality” come from the Latin persona, meaning “mask”. Today, most television and movie actors do not wear masks. But we can easily tell the ―good guys‖ from the ―bad guys‖ because the two types differ in appearance as well as inactions.

1. By using the example of finger prints, the author tells us that _____D_____. A) people can learn to recognize faces

B) people have different personalities

C) people have difficulty in describing the features of finger prints D) people differ from each other in facial features

2. According to this passage, some animals have the gift of _____D______. A) telling people apart by how they behave B) typing each other

C) telling good people from had people D) recognizing human faces

3. Who most probably knows best how to describe people’s personality? C A) The ancient Greek audience B) The movie actors C) Psychologists

D) The modern TV audience

4. According to the passage, it is possible for us tell one type of person from another because ___A__. A) people differ in their behavioral and physical characteristics B) human fingerprints provide unique information C) people’s behavior can be easily described in words D) human faces have complex features

Passage13

It has been thought and said that Africans are born with musical talent. Because music is so important in the lives of many Africans and because so much music is performed in Africa, we are inclined to think that Africans are musicians. The impression is strengthened when we look at ourselves and find that we have become largely a society of musical spectators (旁观). Music is important to us, but most of us can be considered consumers rather than producers of music. We have records, television, concerts, and radio to fulfill many of our musical needs. In most situations where music is performed in our culture it is not difficult to distinguish the audience from the performers, but such is often not the case in Africa. Alban Ayipaga, a Kasena semiprofessional musician from northern Ghana, says that when his flute (长笛) and drum ensemble (歌舞团) is performing. \"Anybody can take part\". This is true , but Kasena musicians recognize that not all people are equally capable of taking part in the music. Some can sing along with the drummers, but relatively few can drum and even fewer can play the flute along with the ensemble. It is fairly common in Africa for there to be an ensemble of expert musicians surrounded by others who join in by clapping, singing, or somehow adding to the totality of musical sound. Performances often take place in an open area (that is, not on a stage) and so the lines between the performing nucleus and the additional performers, active spectators, and passive spectators may be difficult to draw from our point of view.

1. The difference between us and Africans, as far as music is concerned, is that _C__. A) most of us are consumers while most of them are producers of music B) we are musical performers and they are semiprofessional musicians C) most of us are passive spectators while they are active spectators. D) we are the audience and they are the additional performers. 2. The word \"such\" (Line 6) refers to the fact that __B____. A) music is performed with the participation of the audience B) music is performed without the participation of the audience C) people tend to distinguish the audience from the performers

D) people have records, television sets and radio to fulfill their musical needs 3. The author of the passage implies that ___B__.

A) all Africans are musical and therefore much music is performed in Africa

B) not all Africans are born with musical talent although music is important in their lives C) most Africans are capable of joining in the music by playing musical instruments D) most Africans perform as well as professional musicians 4. The word \"nucleus\" (Line 13) probably refers to ___D__. A) musicians famous in Africa

B) musicians at the center of attention

C) musicians acting as the core in a performance D) active participants in a musical performance

Passage14

Disney World, Florida, is the biggest amusement resort in the world. It covers 24.4 thousand acres, and is twice the size of Manhattan .It was opened on October 1, 1971, five years later Walt Disney’s death, and it is a larger, slightly more ambitious version of Disneyland near Los Angeles. Foreigners tend to associate Walt Disney with Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs , and with his other famous cartoon characters , Mickey Mouse , Donald Duck and Pluto , or with his nature films , whose superb photography is spoiled , in the opinion of some , by the vulgarity of the commentary and musical background .

There is very little that could be called vulgar in Disney World. It attracts people of most taste and most income groups, and people of all ages, from toddlers to grandpas. There are two expensive hotels, a golf course, and forest trails for horseback riding and rivers for canoeing. But the central attraction of the resort is the Magic Kingdom.

Between the huge parking lots and the Magic Kingdom lies a broad artificial lake. In the distance rise the towers of Cinderella’s Castle, which like every other building in the Kingdom is built of solid materials. Even getting to the Magic Kingdom’s is quite and adventure.

You have a choice of transportation. You can either cross the lake on a replica of a Mississippi paddle-wheeler, or you can glide around the shore in a streamlined monorail train.

When you reach the terminal, you walk straight into a little square which faces Main Street is late 19th century. There are modern shops inside the buildings, but all the decades are of the period. There are hanging baskets full of red and white flowers, and there is no traffic except a horse-draw streetcar and an ancient double-decider bus. Yet as you walk through the magic Kingdom, you are actually walking on top of a network of underground roads. This is how the shops, restaurants and all the other material needs of the Magic Kingdom are invisibly supplied. 1. In which year did Walt Disney die? C

A) 1971 B) 1976 C) 1966 D) 1900 2. The main attraction of Disney World is __D___.

A) the Severn Dwarfs B) Mickey Mouse C) Donald Duck D) The Magic World 3. Reaching the Magic Kingdom is ____A___.

A) Adventurous B) dangerous C) difficult D) easy

Passage15

Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity. Behaviorists, who study the relation between actions and their consequences, argue that rewards can improve performance at work and school. Cognitive（认知学派的）researchers, who study various aspects of mental life, maintain that rewards often destroy creativity by encouraging dependence on approval and gifts from others.

The latter view has gained many supporters, especially among educators. But the careful use of small monetary（金钱的）rewards sparks creativity in grade-school children, suggesting that properly presented inducements（刺激）indeed aid inventiveness, according to a study in the June Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.

“If kids know they’re working for a reward and can focus on a relatively challenging task, they show the most creativity,‖ says Robert Eisenberger of the University of Delaware in Newark. ―But it’s easy to kill creativity by giving rewards for poor performance or creating too much anticipation for rewards.‖

A teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or who hands out high grades for ordinary achievement ends up with uninspired students, Eisenberger holds. As an example of the latter point, he notes growing efforts at major universities to tighten grading standards and restore failing grades.

In earlier grades, the use of so-called token economies, in which students handle challenging problems and receive performance-based points toward valued rewards, shows promise in raising effort and creativity, the Delaware psychologist claims. 1. Psychologists are divided with regard to their attitudes toward _____D_. A) the choice between spiritual encouragement and monetary rewards

B) the amount of monetary rewards for student’ creativity

C) the study of relationship between actions and their consequences D) the effects of external rewards on students’ performance

2. What is the response of many educators to external rewards for their students? B A) They have no doubts about them. B) They have doubts about them. C) They approve of them.

D) They avoid talking about them.

3. Which of the following can best raise students’ creativity according to Robert Eisenberger? C A) Assigning them tasks they have not dealt with before. B) Assigning them tasks which require inventiveness. C) Giving them rewards they really deserve. D) Giving them rewards they anticipate.

4. It can be inferred from the passage that major universities are trying to tighten their grading standards because they believe ___A___.

A) rewarding poor performance may kill the creativity of students B) punishment is more effective than rewarding

C) failing uninspired students helps improve their overall academic standards D) discouraging the students’ anticipation for easy rewards is a matter of urgency

Passage16

Now let us look at how we read. When we read a printed text, our eyes move across a page in short, jerky movement. We recognize words usually when our eyes are still when they fixate. Each time they fixate, we see a group of words. This is known as the

recognition span or the visual span. The length of time of which the eyes stop ---the duration of the fixation ----varies considerably from person to person. It also varies within any one person according to his purpose in reading and his familiarity with the text. Furthermore, it can be affected by such factors as lighting and tiredness.

Unfortunately, in the past, many reading improvement courses have concentrated too much on how our eyes move across the printed page. As a result of this misleading emphasis on the purely visual aspects of reading, numerous exercises have been devised to train the eyes to see more words at one fixation. For instance, in some exercises, words are flashed on to a screen for, say, a tenth or a twentieth of a second. One of the exercises has required students to fix their eyes on some central point, taking in the words on either side. Such word patterns are often constructed in the shape of rather steep pyramids so the reader takes in more and more words at each successive fixation. All these exercises are very clever, but it’s one thing to improve a person’s ability to see words and quite

another thing to improve his ability to read a text efficiently. Reading requires the ability to understand the relationship between words.

Consequently, for these reasons, many experts have now begun to question the usefulness of eye training, especially since any approach which trains a person to read isolated words and phrases would seem unlikely to help him in reading a continuous text. 1. The time of the recognition span can be affected by the following facts except ___C_____ . A). one’s familiarity with the text B). one’s purpose in reading

C). the length of a group of words D). lighting and tiredness

2. The author may believe that reading ___C_.

A). requires a reader to take in more words at each fixation B). requires a reader to see words more quickly C). demands an deeply-participating mind D). demands more mind than eyes

3. Which of the following is NOT true? D A). The visual span is a word or a group of words we see each time. B). Many experts began to question the efficiency of eye training. C). The emphasis on the purely visual aspects is misleading.

D).The eye training will help readers in reading a continuous text.

Passage17

The fridge is considered a necessity. It has been so since the 1960s when packaged food first appeared with the label:‖ store in the refrigerator.‖

In my fridgeless Fifties childhood, I was fed well and healthy. The milkman came daily, the grocer, the butcher（肉商）, the baker, and the ice-cream man delivered two or three times a week. The Sunday meat would last until Wednesday and surplus（剩余的）bread and milk became all kinds of cakes. Nothing was wasted, and we were never troubled by rotten food. Thirty years on, food deliveries have ceased, fresh vegetables are almost unobtainable in the country.

The invention of the fridge contributed comparatively little to the art of food preservation. A vast way of well-tried techniques already existed-natural cooling, drying, smoking, salting, sugaring, bottling…

What refrigeration did promote was marketing—marketing hardware and electricity, marketing soft drinks, marketing dead bodies of animals around the globe in search of a good price. Consequently, most of the world’s fridges are to be found, not in the tropics where they might prove useful, but in the wealthy countries with mild temperatures where they are climatically almost unnecessary. Every winter, millions of fridges hum away continuously, and at vast expense, busily maintaining an artificially-cooled space inside an artificially-heated house-while outside, nature provides the desired temperature free of charge.

The fridge’s effect upon the environment has been evident, while its contribution to human happiness has been insignificant. If

you don’t believe me, try it yourself, invest in a food cabinet and turn off your fridge next winter. You may miss the hamburgers（汉堡包）, but at least you’ll get rid of that terrible hum.

1. The statement ―In my fridgeless Fifties childhood, I was fed well and healthily.‖ (Line 1, Para.2) suggests that _C_. A) the author was well-fed and healthy even without a fridge in his fifties B) the author was not accustomed to using fridges even in his fifties C) there was no fridge in the author’s home in the 1950s

D) the fridge was in its early stage of development in the 1950s

2. Why does the author say that nothing was wasted before the invention of fridges? D A) People would not buy more food than was necessary. B) Food was delivered to people two or three times a week. C) Food was sold fresh and did not get rotten easily. D) People had effective ways to preserve their food.

3. Who benefited the least from fridges according to the author? B A) Inventors. B) Consumers. C) Manufacturers. D) Traveling salesmen.

4. Which of the following phrases in the fifth paragraph indicates the fridge’s negative effect on the environment? A A) ―Hum away continuously‖.

B) ―Climatically almost unnecessary‖. C) ―Artificially-cooled space‖. D) ―With mild temperatures‖.

Passage18

The human brain contains 10 thousand million cells and each of these may have a thousand connections. Such enormous numbers used to discourage us and cause us to dismiss the possibility of making a machine with human-like ability, but now that we have grown used to moving forward at such a pace we can be less sure. Quite soon, in only 10 or 20 years perhaps, we will be able to assemble a machine as complex as the human brain, and if we can we will. It may then take us a long time to render it intelligent by loading in the right software（软件）or by altering the architecture but that too will happen.

I think it certain that in decades, not centuries, machines of silicon（硅）will arise first to rival and then exceed their human ancestors. Once they exceed us they will be capable of their own design. In a real sense they will be able to reproduce themselves. Silicon will have ended carbon’s long control. And we will no longer be able to claim ourselves to be the finest intelligence in the

known universe.

As the intelligence of robots increases to match that of humans and as their cost declines through economies of scale we may use them to expand our frontiers, first on earth through their ability to withstand environments, harmful to ourselves. Thus, deserts may bloom and the ocean beds be mined. Further ahead, by a combination of the great wealth this new age will bring and the technology it will provide, the construction of a vast, man-created world in space, home to thousands or millions of people, will be within our power. 1. In what way can we make a machine intelligent? C

A) By making it work in such environments as deserts, oceans or space. B) By working hard for 10 or 20 years.

C) By either properly programming it or changing its structure. D) By reproducing it.

2. What does the writer think about machines with human-like ability? A A) He believes they will be useful to human beings. B) He believes that they will control us in the future.

C) He is not quite sure in what way they may influence us.

D) He doesn’t consider the construction of such machines possible. 3. A robot can be used to expand our frontiers when ____A___. A) its intelligence and cost are beyond question B) it is able to bear the rough environment C) it is made as complex as the human brain

D) its architecture is different from that of the present ones

Passage19

A status has been compared to ready-made clothes. Within certain limits, the buyer can choose style and fabric. But an American

is not free to choose the costume（服装）of a Chinese peasant or that of a Hindu prince. We must choose from among the clothing presented by our society. Furthermore, our choice is limited to a size that will fit, as well as by our pocketbook（钱包）. Having made a choice within these limits we can have certain alterations made, but apart from minor adjustments, we tend to be limited to what the stores have on their racks. Statuses too come ready made, and the range of choice among them is limited. 1. In the first paragraph, the writer tells us that statuses can help us ___B_____. A) determine whether a person is fit for a certain job B) behave appropriately in relation to other people C) protect ourselves in unfamiliar situations D) make friends with other people

2. According to the writer, people often assume different statuses ___D_____. A) in order to identify themselves with others B) in order to better identify others C) as their mental processes change D) as the situation changes

3. The word ―appraisal‖ (Line 5, Para.2) most probably means ―____C______‖. A) involvement B) appreciation C) assessment D) presentation

4. In the last sentence of the second paragraph, the pronoun ―it‖ refers to ―_A_______‖. A) fitting our actions to those of other people appropriately B) identification of other people’s statuses C) selecting one’s own statuses D) constant mental process

Passage20

In a family where the roles of men and women are not sharply separated and where many household tasks are shared to a greater or lesser extent, concepts of male superiority are hard to maintain. The pattern of sharing in tasks and in decisions makes for equality, and this in turn leads to further sharing. In such a home, the growing boy and girl learn to accept that equality more easily than did their parents and to prepare more fully for participation in a world characterized by cooperation rather than by “battle of the sexes‖.

If the process goes too far and man’s role is regarded as less important and that has happened in some cases, we are as badly off as before, only I reverse.

It is time to re-estimate the role of the man in the American family. We are going a little tired of “Monism”, but we don’t want to exchange it for a “new-Monism”. What we need, rather, is the recognition that bringing up children involves a partnership of equals. There are signs that psychologists, social workers, and specialists in family are becoming more aware of the part men play. We have almost given up saying that a woman’s place is in the home. We are beginning, however, to analyze man’s place in the home and to insist that he does have a place in it. Nor is that place irrelevant to the healthy development of the child. The family is a c0-operative enterprise for which it is difficult to lay down rules. Because each family needs to work out its own ways for solving its own problems.

Excessive authority has unhappy consequences, whether it wears skirts or trousers, the ideal of equal rights and equal responsibilities is relative not only to a healthy democracy, but also to a healthy family. 1. The best title of this article would be B . A) Equal Job for Equal Pay

B) The Ideal of Equal Rights and Responsibilities in the American Family C) American Men and Women D) How to Bring up Children

2. According to the author, the father’s role in the home is C . A) irrelevant to the healthy development of the child B) relative to the healthy development of the child C) identical to the role of the child’s mother D) impossible to determine

3. According to the author, the solution of family problems C . A) is best left in hands of social workers B) is similar in all families

C) needs to be reached by ways unique to each family D) is not necessary in household where sharing is done

4. With which of the following statements would the author be most likely to agree? A A) A healthy, co-operative family is a basic unit of a healthy society. B) Division of household responsibilities is workable only in theory. C) A woman’s place is in the home now as always.

D) The role of the male as breadwinner is one which society considers least important.

Passage21

The concept of ―environment‖ is certainly difficult and may even be misunderstood; but we have no handy substitute. It seems

simple enough to distinguish between the organism and the surrounding environment and to separate forces acting on an organism into those that are internal and biological and those that are external and environmental. But in actual practice this system breaks down in many ways, because the organism and the environment are constantly interacting so that the environment is modified by the organism and vice versa（反之亦然）.

In the case of man, the difficulties with the environmental concept are even more complicated because we have to deal with man as an animal and with man as a bearer（持有者）of culture. If we look at man as an animal and try to analyze the environmental forces that are acting on the organism, we find that we have to deal with things like climate, soil, plants and such-like factors common to all biological situations; but we also find, always, very important environmental influences that we can only class as ―cultural‖, which modify the physical and biological factors. But man, as we know him, is always a bearer of culture; and if we study human culture, we find that it, in turn, is modified by the environmental factors of climate and geography. We thus easily get into great difficulties from the necessity of viewing culture, at one moment, as a part of the man and, at another moment, as a part of the environment. 1. Which of the following words can best describe the popular understanding of ―environment‖ as the author sees it? D A) Elaborate. B) Prejudiced. C) Faultless.

D) Oversimplified.

2. According to the author the concept of ―environment‖ is difficult to explain because ___C____ A) it doesn’t distinguish between the organism and the environment B) it involves both internal and external forces

C) the organism and the environment influence each other

D) the relationship between the organism and the environment is unclear

3. In analyzing the environmental forces acting on man the author suggests that ____C____. A) biological factors are less important to the organism than cultural factors to man B) man and other animals are modified equally by the environmental forces

C) man is modified by the cultural environment as well as by the natural environment D) physical and biological factors exert more influence on other organisms than on man

Passage22

People tend to be more impressed by evidence that seems to confirm some relationship. Thus many are convinced their dreams are prophetic (预言的) because a few have come true; they fail to notice the many that have not. Consider also the belief that \"the phone always rings when I'm in the shower.\" If it does ring while you are in the shower, the event will stand out and be remembered. If it doesn't ring, that nonevent probably won't even register （留下印象）.

People want to see order, pattern and meaning in the world. Consider, for example, the common belief that things like personal misfortunes, plane crashes, and deaths \"happen in threes.\" Such beliefs stem from the tendency of people to allow the third event to define the time period. If three plane crashes occur in a month, then the period of time that counts as their \"happening together\" is one month; if three crashes occur in a year, the period of time is stretched. Flexible end points reinforce such beliefs.

We also tend to believe what we want to believe. A majority of people think they are more intelligent, more fair-minded and more skilled behind the wheel of an automobile than the average person. Part of the reason we view ourselves so favorably is that we use criteria that work to our advantage. As economist Thomas Schelling explains, \"Everybody ranks himself high in qualities he values: careful drivers give weight to care, skilled drivers give weight to skill, and those who are polite give weight to courtesy, \" This way everyone ranks high on his own scale.

Perhaps the most important mental habit we can learn is to be cautious (谨慎的) in drawing conclusions. The \"evidence \" of everyday life is sometimes misleading. 1 In the first paragraph the author states that ____A .

A) dreams cannot be said to be prophetic even though a few have come true. B) dreams are prophetic because some of them did come true. C) dreams may come true if clearly remembered. D) dreams and reality are closely related.

2. By \"things like ...\" \"happen in threes\" (Para. 3, Line 2), the author indicates that people believe __C__ . A) personal misfortunes tend to happen every now and then.

B) personal misfortunes, plane crashes, and deaths usually happen together. C) misfortunes tend to occur according to certain patterns.

D) misfortunes will never occur more than three times to a person in his lifetime. 3. Ten word \"courtesy\" (Para. 4, line 6) probably means ___A_. A) good manners. B) Appropriate speech. C) Friendly relations. D)Satisfactory service. 4. What can be inferred from the passage? _A___

A) Happenings that go unnoticed deserve more attention.

B) In a series of misfortunes the third one is usually the most serious. C) People tend to make use of evidence that supports their own beliefs.

D) Believers of misfortunes happening in threes are cautious in interpreting events.

Passage23

Britain almost more than any other country in the world must seriously face the problem of building upwards, that is to say, of

accommodating a considerable proportion of its population in high blocks of flats. It is said that the English man objects to this type of existence, but if the case is such, he does in fact differ from the inhabitants of most countries of the world today. In the past our own blocks of flats have been associated with the lower-income groups and they have lacked the obvious provisions, such as central heating, constant hot water supply, electrically operated lifts from top to bottom, and so on, as well as such details, important notwithstanding (然而), as easy facilities for disposal of dust and rubbish and storage places for baby carriages in the ground floor, playgrounds for children on the top of the buildings, and drying grounds for washing. It is likely that the dispute regarding flats versus (对，对抗) individual houses will continue to rage on for a long time as far as Britain is concerned. And it is unfortunate that there should be hot feelings on both sides whenever this subject is raised. Those who oppose the building of flats base their case primarily on the assumption (设想) that everyone prefers an individual home and on the high cost per unit of accommodation. The latter ignores the higher cost of providing full services to a scattered community and the cost in both money and time of the journeys to work for the suburban resident.

1. We can infer from the passage that ___B__.

A) English people, like most people in other countries, dislike living in flats B) people in most countries of the world today are not opposed to living in flats C) people in Britain are forced to move into high blocks of flats D) modern flats still fail to provide the necessary facilities for living 2. What is said about blocks of flats built in the past in Britain? A A) They were mostly inhabited by people who did not earn much. B) They were usually not large enough to accommodate big families. C) They were sold to people before necessary facilities were installed. D) They provided playgrounds for children on the top of the buildings. 3. The word \"rage\" (Line 9) means ____B_. A) be ignored C) encourage people greatly B) develop with great force D) be in fashion 4. Some people oppose the building of flats because _C____. A) the living expenses for each individual family are higher B) it involves higher cost compared with the building of houses C) they believe people like to live in houses with gardens

D) the disposal of rubbish remains a problem for those living in flats

Passage24

1. In the author’s opinion, the speaker ____B___.

A) gave a correct judgment of the English level of the students B) had exaggerated the language problems of the students

C) was right in saying that English teachers were not doing their jobs D) could think and speak intelligently

2 It can be concluded from the passage that ___D___. A) it is justifiable to include English as a school subject

B) the author disagrees with the speaker over the standard of English at Grade 9 level C) English language teaching is by no means an easy job D) Language improvement needs time and effort 3. In the passage the author argues that ____A__.

A) it is unfair to blame the English teachers for the language deficiencies of the students

B) young people would not commit offences against the language is the teachers did their jobs properly C) to eliminate language deficiencies one must have sensitive eyes and ears D) to improve the standard of English requires the effort of several generations

Passage25

Researchers have established that when people are mentally engaged, biochemical changes occur in the brain that allow it to act more effectively in cognitive (认知的) areas such as attention and memory. This is true regardless of age.

People will be alert (警觉的) and receptive (接受能力强的) if they are faced with information that gets them to think about things they are interested in. And someone with a history of doing more rather than less will go into old age more cognitively sound than someone who has not had an active mind.

Many experts are so convinced of the benefits of challenging the brain that they are putting, the theory to work in their own lives. \"The idea is not necessarily to learn to memorize enormous amounts of information.\" says James Fozard, associate director of the national Institute on Aging. \"Most of us don't need that kind of skill. Such specific training is of less interest than being able to maintain mental alertness.\" Fozard and others say they challenge their brains with different mental skill, both because they enjoy them and because they are sure that their range of activities will help the way their brains work.

Gene Cohen, acting director of the same institute, suggests that people in their old age should engage in mental and physical activities individually as well as in groups. Cohen says that we are frequently advised to keep physically active as we age, but older people need to keep mentally active as well. Those who do are more likely to maintain their intellectual abilities and to be generally happier and better adjusted. \"The point is, you need to do both,\" Cohen says. \"Intellectual activity influences brain-cell health and size.\"

1. People who are cognitively healthy are those _C____.

A) who can remember large amounts of information C) whose minds are alert and receptive B) who are highly intelligent D) who are good at recognizing different sounds 2. According to Fozard's argument people can make their brains work more efficiently by __B___. A) constantly doing memory work C) going through specific training B) taking part in various mental activities D) making frequent adjustments 3. The findings of James and other scientists in their work ___D__. A) remain a theory to be further proved C) have been challenged by many other experts B) have been generally accepted D) are practiced by the researchers themselves 4. Older people are generally advised to __A___. A) keep fit by going in for physical activities

B) keep mentally active by challenging their brains C) maintain mental alertness through specific training

D) maintain a balance between individual and group activities

Passage26

In bringing up children, every parent watches eagerly the child’s acquisition（学会）of each new skill-the first spoken words, the first independent steps, or the beginning of reading and writing. It is often tempting to hurry the child beyond his natural learning rate, but this can set up dangerous feelings of failure and states of worry in the child: This might happen at any stage. A baby might be forced to use a toilet too early, a young child might be encouraged to learn to read before he knows the meaning of the words he reads. On the other hand, though, if a child is left alone too much, or without any learning opportunities, he loses his natural enthusiasm for life and his desire to find out new things for himself.

Patents vary greatly in their degree of strictness towards their children. Some may be especially strict in money matters. Others are sever over times of coming home at night or punctuality for meals. In general, the controls imposed represent the needs of the parents and the values of the community as much as the child’s own happiness.

As regards the development of moral standards in the growing child, consistency is very important in parental teaching. To forbid a thing one day and excuse it the next is no foundation for morality（道德）. Also, parents should realize that “example is better than precept”. If they are not sincere and do not practise what they preach（说教）, their children may grow confused, and emotionally insecure when they grow old enough to think for themselves, and realize they have been to some extent fooled.

A sudden awareness of a marked difference between their parents’ principles and their morals can be a dangerous disappointment. 1. Eagerly watching the child’s acquisition of new skills _____B____. A) should be avoided

B) is universal among parents

C) sets up dangerous states of worry in the child D) will make him lose interest in learning new things

2. In the process of children’s learning new skills parents ____C__.

A) should encourage them to read before they know the meaning of the words they read B) should not expect too much of them

C) should achieve a balance between pushing them too hard and leaving them on their own D) should create as many learning opportunities as possible 3. The second paragraph mainly tells us that _____D_____. A) parents should be strict with their children

B) parental controls reflect only the needs of the parents and the values of the community C) parental restrictions vary, and are not always enforced for the benefit of the children alone D) parents vary in their strictness towards their children according to the situation 4. The word ―precept‖ (Line 3, Para.3) probably means ―___B______‖. A) idea

B) punishment

C) behavior D) instruction

Passage27

A good modern newspaper is an extraordinary piece of reading. It is remarkable first for what it contains: the range of news from local crime to international politics, from sport to business to fashion to science, and the range of comment and special features（特写）as well, from editorial page to feature articles and interviews to criticism of books, art, theatre and music. A newspaper is even more remarkable for the way one reads it: never completely, never straight through, but always by jumping from here to there, in and not glancing at one piece, reading another article all the way through, reading just a few paragraphs of the next. A good modern newspaper offers variety to attract many different readers, but far more than nay one reader is interested in. What brings this variety together in one place is its topicality（时事性）, its immediate relation to what is happening in your world and your locality now. but immediacy and the speed of production that goes with it mean also that much of what papers in a newspaper has no more than transient（短暂的）value. For all these reasons, no two people really read the same paper: what each person does is to put together out of the pages of that day’s paper, his own selection and sequence, his own newspaper. For all these reasons, reading newspapers efficiently, which means getting what you want from them without missing things you need but without wasting time, demands skill and self-awareness as you modify and apply the techniques of reading.

1. A modern newspaper is remarkable for all the following except its ___C______. A) wide coverage B) uniform style

C) speed in reporting news D) popularity

2. According to the passage, the reason why no two people really read the ―same‖ newspaper is that ___D_____. A) people scan for the news they are interested in B) different people prefer different newspapers

C) people are rarely interested in the same kind of news

D) people have different views about what a good newspaper is

3. It can be conclude from the passage that newspaper readers _A_______. A) apply reading techniques skillfully B) jump from one newspaper to another C) appreciate the variety of a newspaper D) usually read a newspaper selectively

4. A good newspaper offers ―a variety‖ to readers because ___A______.

A) it tries to serve different readers

B) it has to cover things that happen in a certain locality C) readers are difficult to please

D) readers like to read different newspapers

Passage28

Space is a dangerous place, not only because of meteors（流星）but also because of rays from the sun and other stars. The atmosphere again acts as our protective blanket on earth. Light gets through, and this is essential for plants to make the food, which we eat. Heat, too, makes our environment endurable. Various kinds of rays come through the air from outer space, but enormous quantities of radiation from the sun are screened off. As soon as men leave the atmosphere they are exposed to this radiation but their spacesuits or the walls of their spacecraft, if they are inside, do prevent a lot of radiation damage.

Radiation is the greatest known danger to explorers in space. The unit of radiation is called ―rem‖. Scientists have reason to think that a man can put up with far more radiation than 0.1 rem without being damaged; the figure of 60 rems has been agreed on. The trouble is that it is extremely difficult to be sure about radiation damage-a person may feel perfectly well, but the cells of his or her sex organs may be damaged, and this will not be discovered until the birth of deformed（畸形的）children or even grandchildren. Missions of the Apollo flights have had to cross belts of high radiation and, during the outward and return journeys, the Apollo crew accumulated a large amount of rems. So far, no dangerous amounts of radiation have been reported, but the Apollo missions have been quite short. We simply do not know yet how men are going to get on when they spend weeks and months outside the protection of the atmosphere, working in a space laboratory. Drugs might help to decrease the damage done by radiation, but no really effective ones have been found so far.

1. According to the first paragraph, the atmosphere is essential to man in that __A____. A) it protects him against the harmful rays from space B) it provides sufficient light for plant growth

C) it supplies the heat necessary for human survival D) it screens off the falling meteors

2. We know from the passage that ____B____.

A) exposure to even tiny amounts of radiation is fatal B) the effect of exposure to radiation is slow in coming C) radiation is avoidable in space exploration

D) astronauts in spacesuits needn’t worry about radiation damage

3. The harm radiation has done to the Apollo crew members ___D____. A) is insignificant

B)seems overestimated C) is enormous

D) remains unknown

Passage29

Britain almost more than any other country in the world must seriously face the problem of building upwards, that is to say, of accommodating a considerable proportion of its population in high blocks of flats. It is said that the English man objects to this type of existence, but if the case is such, he does in fact differ from the inhabitants of most countries of the world today. In the past our own blocks of flats have been associated with the lower-income groups and they have lacked the obvious provisions, such as central heating, constant hot water supply, electrically operated lifts from top to bottom, and so on, as well as such details, important notwithstanding (然而), as easy facilities for disposal of dust and rubbish and storage places for baby carriages in the ground floor, playgrounds for children on the top of the buildings, and drying grounds for washing. It is likely that the dispute regarding flats versus (对，对抗) individual houses will continue to rage on for a long time as far as Britain is concerned. And it is unfortunate that there should be hot feelings on both sides whenever this subject is raised. Those who oppose the building of flats base their case primarily on the assumption (设想) that everyone prefers an individual home and on the high cost per unit of accommodation. The latter ignores the higher cost of providing full services to a scattered community and the cost in both money and time of the journeys to work for the suburban resident.

1. We can infer from the passage that ___B__.

A) English people, like most people in other countries, dislike living in flats B) people in most countries of the world today are not opposed to living in flats C) people in Britain are forced to move into high blocks of flats D) modern flats still fail to provide the necessary facilities for living 2. What is said about blocks of flats built in the past in Britain? A A) They were mostly inhabited by people who did not earn much. B) They were usually not large enough to accommodate big families. C) They were sold to people before necessary facilities were installed. D) They provided playgrounds for children on the top of the buildings. 3. The word \"rage\" (Line 9) means ___B__. A) be ignored C) encourage people greatly B) develop with great force D) be in fashion 4. Some people oppose the building of flats because ___C__.

A) the living expenses for each individual family are higher B) it involves higher cost compared with the building of houses C) they believe people like to live in houses with gardens

D) the disposal of rubbish remains a problem for those living in flats

Passage30

Many a young person tells me he wants to be a writer. I always encourage such people, but I also explain that there’s big difference between ―being a writer‖ and writing. In most cases these individuals are dreaming of wealth and fame, not the long hours alone at a typewriter. ―You’ve got to want to write,‖ I say to them, ―not want to be a writer.‖

The reality is that writing is a lonely, private and poor-paying affair. For every writer kissed by fortune there are thousands more whose longing is never rewarded. When I left a 20-year career in the U.S. Coast Guard to become a freelance writer（自由撰稿者）, I had no prospects at all. What I did have was a friend who found me my room in a New York apartment building. It didn’t even matter that it was cold and had no bathroom. I immediately bought a used manual type writer and felt like a genuine writer.

After a year or so, however, I still hadn’t gotten a break and began to doubt myself. It was so hard to sell a story that barely made enough to eat. But I knew I wanted to write. I had dreamed about it for years. I wasn’t going to be one of those people who die wondering, What if? I would keep putting my dream to the test-even though it meant living with uncertainty and fear of failure. This is the Shadowland of hope, and anyone with a dream must learn to live there. 1. The passage is meant to ____A_____.

A) warn young people of the hardships that a successful writer has to experience B) advise young people to give up their idea of becoming a professional writer C) show young people it’s unrealistic for a writer to pursue wealth and fame D) encourage young people to pursue a writing career 2. What can be concluded from the passage? D

A) Genuine writers often find their work interesting and rewarding. B) A writer’s success depends on luck rather than on effort. C) Famous writers usually live in poverty and isolation. D) The chances for a writer to become successful are small.

3. Why did the author begin to doubt himself after the first year of his writing career? B A) He wasn’t able to produce a single book. B) He hadn’t seen a change for the better.

C) He wasn’t able to have a rest for a whole years. D) He found his dream would never come true.

4. ―…People who die wondering, What if?‖ (Line 3, Para.3) refers to ―those ___B_______‖. A) who think too much of the dark side of life B) who regret giving up their career halfway C) who think a lot without making a decision D) who are full of imagination even upon death

Passage31

(D) people have records, television sets and radio to fulfill their musical needs 3. The author of the passage implies that __B___.

(A) all Africans are musical and therefore much music is performed in Africa

(B) not all Africans are born with musical talent although music is important in their lives

(C) most Africans are capable of joining in the music by playing musical instruments (D) most Africans perform as well as professional musicians 4 The word \"nucleus\" (Line 13) probably refers to D_____. (A) musicians famous in Africa

(B) musicians at the center of attention

Passage32

Tress should only be pruned when there is a good and clear reason for doing so and, the number of such reasons is small. Pruning involves the cutting away of overgrown and unwanted branches, and the inexperienced gardener can be encouraged by the thought that more damage results from doing it unnecessarily than from the tree to grow in its own way.

First, pruning may be done to make sure that trees have a desired shape or size. The object may be to get a tree of the right height, and at the same time to help the growth of small side branches, which will thicken its appearance or give it a special shape. Secondly, pruning may be done to make the tree heavier. You may cut out diseased or dead wood, or branches that are rubbing against each other and thus cause wounds. The health of a tree may be encouraged by removing branches that are blocking up the center and so preventing the free movement of air.

One result of pruning is that an open wound is left on the tree and this provides an easy entry for disease, but it is a wound that will heal. Often there is a race between the healing and the disease as to whether the tree will live or die, so that there is a period when the tree is at risk. It should be the aim of every gardener to reduce that risk of death as far as possible. It is essential to make the area, which has been pruned smooth, and clean, for healing will be slowed down by roughness. You should allow the cut surface to dry for a few hours and then paint it with one of the substances available from garden shops especially for this purpose. Pruning is usually done in winter, for then you can see the shape of the tree clearly without interference from the leaves and also it is very unlikely that the cuts you make will bleed. If this does happen, it is, of course, impossible to paint them properly. 1. Pruning should be done to ___B__.

A) make the tree grow taller. B) does not protect them form the wind. B) get rid of the small branches. D) make the small branches thicker. 2. Trees become unhealthy if the gardener___A____ A) allows too many branches to grow in the middle B) does not protect them from the wind C) forces them grow too quickly

D) damages some of the small side branches.

3. Why is a special substance painted on the tree? B

A) to make a wound smooth. B) to prevent disease entering a wound. B) to cover a rough surface. D) to help a wound to dry. 4. A good gardener prunes tree ___C_

A) at intervals throughout the year. B) as quickly as possible. C) occasionally when necessary. D) regularly every winter.

Passage33

Most people would agree that, although our age exceeds all previous ages in knowledge, there has been no corresponding increase in wisdom. But Agreement ceases as soon as we attempt to define \"wisdom\" and consider means of promoting it.

There are several factors that contribute to wisdom. Of these I should put first a sense of proportion: the capacity to take account of all the important factors in a problem and to attach to each its due weight. This has become more difficult than it used to be owing to the extent and complexity of the special knowledge required of various kinds of technicians. Suppose, for example, that you are engaged in research in scientific medicine. The work is difficult and is likely to absorb the whole of your mind. You have no time to consider the effect which your discoveries or inventions may have outside the field of medicine. You succeed (let us say) as modern medicine has succeeded, in enormously lowering the infant death-rate, not only in Europe and America, but also in Asia and Africa. This has the entirely unintended result of making the food supply inadequate and lowing the standard of life in the parts of the world that have the greatest populations. To take an even more dramatic example, which is in everybody's mind at the present time; you study the makeup of the atom from a disinterested (无利害关系的) desire for knowledge, and by chance place in the hands of a powerful mad man the means of destroying the human race.

Therefore, with every increase of knowledge and skill, wisdom becomes more necessary, for every such increase augments (增强)our capacity for realizing our purposes, and therefore augments our capacity for evil, if our purpose are unwise.

1. Disagreement arises when people try to decide ___B__. A) how much more wisdom we have now than before B) what wisdom is and how to develop it

C) if there is a great increase of wisdom in our age D) whether wisdom can be developed or not

2. According to the author, \"wisdom\" is the ability to _D____. A) carefully consider the bad effects of any kind of research work B) give each important problem some careful consideration C) acquire a great deal of complex and special knowledge

D) give suitable consideration to all the possible elements in a problem 3. Lowering the infant death-rate may ____C_. A) prove to be helpful everywhere in the world B) give rise to an increase in population in Europe C) cause food shortages in Asia and Africa

D) raise the living standard of the people in Africa

4. The author uses the examples in the passage to illustrate his point that A_____. A) it's extremely difficult to consider all the important elements in problem B) success in medical research has its negative effects

C) scientists may unknowingly cause destruction to the human race D) it's unwise to be totally absorbed in research in scientific medicine

Passage34

American society is not nap（午睡）friendly. In fact, says David Dinges, a sleep specialist at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine. “There’s even a prohibition against admitting we need sleep.” Nobody wants to be caught napping or found asleep at work. To quote proverb: ―Some sleep five hours, nature requires seven, laziness nine and wickedness eleven.‖

Wrong. The way not to fall asleep at work is to take naps when you need them. ―We have to totally change our attitude toward napping‖, says Dr. William Dement of Stanford University, the godfather of sleep research.

Last year a national commission led by Dement identified an ―American sleep debt‖ which one member said was as important as the national debt, the commission was concerned about the dangers of sleepiness: people causing industrial accidents or falling asleep while driving. This may be why we have a new sleep policy in the White House. According to recent reports, president Clinton is trying to take a half-hour snooze（打瞌睡）every afternoon.

About 60 percent of American adults nap when given the opportunity. We seem to have ―a mid-afternoon quiet phase‖ also called ―a secondary sleep gate.‖ Sleeping 15 minutes to two hours in the early afternoon can reduce stress and make us refreshed. Clearly, we were born to nap.

We Superstars of Snooze don’t nap to replace lost shut-eye or to prepare for a night shift. Rather, we ―snack‖ on sleep, whenever, wherever and at whatever time we feel like it. I myself have napped in buses, cars, planes and on boats; on floors and beds; and in libraries, offices and museums.

1 It is commonly accepted in American society that too much sleep is _C______. A) unreasonable B) criminal C) harmful D) costly

2. The research done by the Dement commission shows that Americans _D_______.

A) don’t like to take naps

B) are terribly worried about their national debt C) sleep less than is good for them

D) have caused many industrial and traffic accidents 3. The purpose of this article is to ____A_______. A) warn us of the wickedness of napping B) explain the danger of sleepiness C) discuss the side effects of napping

D) convince the reader of the necessity of napping

4. The ―American sleep debt‖ (Line 1, Para.3) is the result of __A_______. A) the traditional misconception the Americans have about sleep B) the new sleep policy of the Clinton Administration C) the rapid development of American industry

D) the Americans’ worry about the danger of sleepiness

Passage35

Attention to detail is something everyone can and should do--especially in a tight job market. Bob Crossley, a human-resources expert notices this in the job applications that come across his desk every day. \"It's amazing how many candidates eliminate themselves.\" he says.

Resume (简历) arrive with stains. Some candidates don't bother to spell the company's name correctly. Once I see a mistake, I eliminate the candidate,\" Crossley concludes. \"If they cannot take of these details, why should we trust them with a job?\"

Can we pay too much attention to detail? Absolutely. Perfectionists struggle over little things at the cost of something larger they work toward, \"To keep from losing the forest for the trees\San Francisco, \"We must constantly ask ourselves how the details we're working on fit into the larger picture. If they don't, we should drop them and move to something else\".

Garfield compares this process to his work as a computer scientist at NASA. \"The Apollo II moon launch was slightly off-course 90 percent of the time.\" Says Garfield, \"But a successful landing was still likely because we knew the exact coordinates of our goal. This allowed us to make adjustments as necessary.\" Knowing where we want to go helps us judge the importance of every task we undertake.

Too often we believe what accounts for others' success is some special secret or a lucky break (机遇). But rarely is success so mysterious. Again and again, we see that by doing little things within our grasp well, large rewards follow.

1. According to the passage, some job applicants were rejected __A___.

(A) because of their carelessness as shown in their failure to present a clean copy of a resume (B) because of their inadequate education as shown in their poor spelling in writing a resume (C) because they failed to give detailed description of their background in their applications (D) because they eliminated their names from the applicants' list themselves 2. The word \"perfectionists\" (para. 3, Line) refers to those who _C____. (A) demand others to get everything absolutely right

(B) know how to adjust their goals according to the circumstances

(C) pay too much attention to details only to lose their major objectives (D) are capable of achieving perfect results in whatever they do 3. Which of the following is the author's device to the reader? A

(A) Although too much attention to details may be costly, they should not be overlooked (B) Don't forget details when drawing pictures

4. The example of the Apollo II moon launch is given to illustrate that _D____. (A) minor mistakes can be ignored in achieving major objectives (B) failure is the mother of success

(D) keeping one's goal in mind helps in deciding which details can be overlooked

Passage36

Violin prodigies（神童）, I learned, have come in distinct waves from distinct regions. Most of the great performers if the late 19th and early 20th centuries were born and brought up in Russia and Eastern Europe. I asked Isaac Stern, one of the world’s greatest violinists the reason for this phenomenon. “It is very clear,” he told me. “They were all Jews（犹太人）and Jews at the time were severely oppressed and ill-treated in that part of the world. They were not allowed into the professional fields, but they were allowed to achieve excellence on a concert stage.‖ As a result, every Jewish parent’s dream was to have a child in the music school because it was a passport to the West.

Another element in the emergence of prodigies, I found, is a society that values excellence in a certain field to nurture（培育）talent. Nowadays, the most nurturing societies seem to be in the Far East. “In Japan, a most competitive society, with stronger discipline than ours,‖ says Isaac Stem, children are ready to test their limits every day in many fields, including music. When Western music came to Japan after World War II, that music not only became part of their daily lives, but it became a discipline as well. The

Koreans and Chinese as we know, are just as highly motivated as the Japanese.

That’s a good thing, because even prodigies must work hard. Next to hard work, biological inheritance plays an important role in the making of a prodigy .J. S. Bach, for example, was the top of several generations of musicians, and four of his sons had significant careers in music.

1. Jewish parents in Eastern Europe longed for their children to attend music school because _______B__. A) it would allow them access to a better life in the West B) Jewish children are born with excellent musical talent

C) they wanted their children to enter into the professional field

D) it would enable the family to get better treatment in their own country

2. Nurturing societies as mentioned in the passage refer to societies that, ____C_____. A) enforce strong discipline on students who want to achieve excellence B) treasure talent and provide opportunities for its full development C) encourage people to compete with each other D) promise talented children high positions

3. Japan is described in the passage as a country that attaches importance to ___B______. A) all-round development

B) the learning of Western music C) strict training of children D) variety in academic studies

Passage37

In the old day, children were familiar with birth and death as part of life. This is perhaps the first generation of American youngsters（年轻人）who have never been close by during the birth of a baby and have never experienced the death of a family member.

Nowadays when people grow old, we often send them to nursing homes. When they get sick, we transfer them to a hospital, where children are forbidden to visit terminally ill patients-even when those patients are their parents. This deprives（剥夺）the dying patient of significant family members during the last few days of his life and it deprives the children of an experience of death, which is an important learning experience.

Some of my colleagues and I once interviewed and followed approximately 500 terminally ill patients in order to find out what they could teach us and how we could be of more benefit, not just to them but to the members of their families as well. We are most impressed by the fact that even those patients who were not told of their serious illness were quite aware of its potential outcome.

It is important for family members, and doctors and nurses to understand these patients’ communications in order to truly

understand their needs, fears, and fantasies（幻想）. Most of our patients welcomed another human being with whom they could talk openly, honestly, and frankly about their trouble. Many of them shared with us their tremendous need to be informed, to be kept up-to-date on their medical condition and to be told when the end was near. We found out that patients who had been dealt with openly and frankly were better able to cope with the approach of death and finally to reach a true stage of acceptance prior to death. 1. The elders of contemporary Americans _____C______.

A) were often absent when a family member was born or dying B) were quite unfamiliar with birth and death

C) usually witnessed the birth or death of a family member D) had often experienced the fear of death as part of life

2. Children in America today are denied the chance _____B_____. A) to learn how to face death B) to visit dying patients C) to attend to patients

D) to have access to a hospital

3. Five hundred critically ill patients were investigated with the main purpose of _D________. A) observing how they reacted to the crisis of death

B) helping them and their families overcome the fear of death C) finding out their attitude towards the approach of death D) learning how to best help them and their families

4. The need of a dying patient for company shows ________A____. A) his desire for communication with other people B) his fear of approaching death

C) his pessimistic attitude towards his condition D) his reluctance to part with his family

Passage38

Taste is such a subjective matter that we don’t usually conduct preference tests for food. The most you can say about anyone’s preference, is that it’s one person’s opinion. But because the two big cola（可口可乐）companies—Coca-Cola and Pepsi Cola are marketed so aggressively, we’ve wondered how big a role taste preference actually plays in brand loyalty. We set up a taste test that challenged people who identified themselves as either Coca-Cola or Pepsi fans: Find your brand in a blind tasting.

We invited staff volunteers who had a strong liking for either Coca-Cola Classic（传统型）or Pepsi, Diet（低糖的）Coke, or Diet Pepsi. These were people who thought they’d have no trouble telling their brand from the other brand.

We eventually located 19 regular cola drinkers and 27 diet cola drinkers. Then we fed them four unidentified samples of cola one at a time, regular colas for the one group, diet versions for the other. We asked them to tell us whether each sample was Coke or Pepsi; then we analyzed the records statistically to compare the participants’ choices with what mere guess-work could have accomplished.

Getting all four samples right was a tough test, but not too tough, we thought, for people who believed they could recognize their brand. In the end, only 7 out of 19 regular cola drinkers correctly identified their brand of choice in all four trials. The diet-cola drinkers did a little worse-only 7 of 27 identified all four samples correctly.

While both groups did better than chance would predict, nearly half the participants in each group made the wrong choice two or more times. Two people go all four samples wrong. Overall, half the participants did about as well on the last round of tasting as on the first, so fatigue, or taste burnout, was not a factor. Our preference test results suggest that only a few Pepsi participants and Coke fans may really be able to tell their favorite brand by taste and price.

1. According to the passage the preference test was conducted in order to _A______. A) find out the role taste preference plays in a person’s drinking B) reveal which cola is more to the liking of the drinkers

C) show that a person’s opinion about taste is mere guess-work D) compare the ability of the participants in choosing their drinks 2. The statistics recorded in the preference tests show _____B_. A) Coca-Cola and Pepsi are people’s two most favorite drinks

B) there is not much difference in taste between Coca-Cola and Pepsi C) few people had trouble telling Coca-Cola from Pepsi D) people’s tastes differ from one another

3. It is implied in the first paragraph that ____C___.

A) the purpose of taste tests is to promote the sale of colas

B) the improvement of quality is the chief concern of the two cola companies C) the competition between the two colas is very strong D) blind tasting is necessary for identifying fans

Passage39

It is everyone agrees, a huge task that the child performs when he learns to speak, and the fact that he does so in so short a period of time challenges explanation.

Language learning begins with listening. Individual children vary greatly in the amount of listening they do before they start speaking, and late starters are often long listeners. Most children will ―obey‖ spoken instructions some time before they can speak, though the word obey is hardly accurate as a description of the eager and delighted cooperation usually shown by the child. Before they can speak,

many children will also ask questions by gesture and by making questioning noises.

Any attempt to trace the development from the noises babies make to their first spoken words leads to considerable difficulties. It is agreed that they enjoy making noises, and that during the first few months one or two noises sort themselves out as particularly indicative of delight, distress, sociability, and so on. But since these cannot be said to show the baby’s intention to communicate, they can hardly be regarded as early forms of language. It is agreed, too, that from about three months they play with sounds for enjoyments, and that by six months they are able to add new sounds to their repertoire（能发出的全部声音）. This self-imitation leads on to deliberate（有意识的）imitation of sounds made or words spoken to them by other people. The problem then arises as to the point at which one can say that these imitations can be considered as speech.

1. By ―…challenges explanation‖ (Line 2, Para.1) the author means that ______C__. A) no explanation is necessary for such an obvious phenomenon B) no explanation has been made up to now

C) it’s no easy job to provide an adequate explanation D) it’s high time that an explanation was provided 2. The third paragraph is mainly about ___A___.

A) the development of babies’ early forms of language B) the difficulties of babies in learning to speak C) babies’ strong desire to communicate D) babies’ intention to communicate

3. The author’s purpose in writing the second paragraph is to show that children __D____. A) usually obey without asking questions

B) are passive in the process of learning to speak C) are born cooperative

D) learn to speak by listening

4. From the passage we learn that ____C___.

A) early starters can learn to speak within only six months

B) children show a strong desire to communicate by making noises C) imitation plays an important role in learning to speak D) children have various difficulties in learning to speak

Passage40

On Thursday afternoon, Mrs. Clarke , dressed for going out , took her handbag with her money and her key in it , pulled the door

behind her to lock it and went to the over 60s Club . She always went there on Thursdays. It was a nice outing for an old woman who lived alone.

At six o’clock she came home, let herself in and at once smelt cigarette smoke in her house? How? Had someone got in? She checked the back door and the windows. All were locked or fastened, as usual. There was no sign of forced entry

Over a cup of tea she wondered whether someone might have a key that fitted her front door-―a master key‖ perhaps. So she stayed at home the following Thursday .Nothing happened. Was anyone watching her movements? On the Thursday after that she went out at her usual time, dressed as usual, but she didn’t go to the club. Instead she took a short cut home again, letting herself in through her garden and the back door. She settled down to wait.

It was just after four o’clock when the front door bell rang. Mrs. Clarke was making a cup of tea at the time. The bell rang again, and then she heard her letter-box being pushed open. With the kettle of boiling water in her hand, she moved quietly towards the front door. A long piece of wire appeared through the letter-box, and then a hand. The wire turned and caught around the knob on the door-lock Mrs. Clark raised the kettle and poured the water over the hand. This was a shout outside, and the skin seemed to drop off the fingers like a glove. The wire fell to the floor, the band was pulled back, and Mrs. Clarke heard the sound of running feet. 1. Mrs. Clarke looked forward to Thursday because _____C______.

A) She worked at a club on Thursday B) She had visitors on Thursday

C) She visited a club on Thursday D) a special visitor came on Thursday 2. If someone had made a forced entry ___A___.

A) Mrs. Clarke would have found a broken door or window B) He or she was still in the house

C) Things would have been thrown about D) He or she would have needed a master key

3.On the third Thursday Mrs. Clarke went out ____D_. A) because she didn’t want to miss the club again B) to see if the thief was hanging about outside C) to the club but then changed her mind D) in an attempt to trick the thief 4. The wire fell to the floor ______D_.

A) because Mrs. Clarke refused to open the door B) when the man’s glove dropped off

C) because it was too hot to hold D) because the man just wanted to get away

Part II. Vocabulary and Structure

1、I walked too much yesterday and ____C_ are still aching now.

A) my leg's muscles C) my leg muscles B) my muscles of leg D) my muscles of the leg

2、The ability to store knowledge makes computers different form every other machine _A______ invented. A) ever B) thus C) yet D) as

3、I have kept that portrait ____B________ I can see it every day, as it always reminds me of my university days in London. A) which B) where C) whether D) when

4、I’m not sure whether I can gain any profit from the investment, so I can’t make a(n) __C____ promise to help you.

A) exact B) defined C) definite D) sure

5、Young adults ______B__ older people are more likely to prefer pop songs. A) other than B) more than C) less than D) rather than 6、The number of __C___ species increases every year as natural habitats disappear.

A. dangerous B. serious C. endangered D. hazardous

7、A love marriage, however, does not necessarily ___B_____ much sharing of interests and responsibilities.

A) take over B) result in C) hold on D) keep to

8、The sports meet, originally due to be held last Friday, was finally __D_____ because of the bad weather.

A) set off B) broken off C) worn off D) called off 9、Writing is a slow process, requiring _C_______ thought, time, and effort. A) significant B) considerable C) enormous D) numerous 10、Aluminum as well as most metals _A____.

A. is a good conductor B. is a good insulator C. are good conductors D. are good insulators

11、The medicine is on sale everywhere. You can get it at _____D_______ chemist’s. A) each B) some C) certain D) any 12、Radio, television and press ____C_ of conveying news and information.

A) are the most three common means C) are the three most common means B) are the most common three means D) are three the most common means 13、By success I don’t mean __B______ usually thought of when that word is used. A) what is B) that we C) as you D) all is

14、Scientists say it may be five or ten years ___B__ it is possible to test this medicine on human patients.

A) since B) before C) after D) when

15、I caught a _____A_____ of the taxi before it disappeared around the corner of the street. A) vision B) glimpse C) look D) scene 16、______C_____ right now, she would get there on Sunday. A) Would she leave B) If she leaves C) Were she to leave D) If she had left

17、They are teachers and don't realize _A____ to start and run a company.

A) what it takes B) what takes it C) what they take D) what takes them 18、

19、It’s already 5 o’clock now. Don’t you think it’s about time _A_________? A) we are going home B) we go home C) we went home D) we can go home

20、In some countries, __B___ is called \"equality\" does not really mean equal rights for all people.

A) which B) what C) that D) one

21、After the robbery, the shop installed a sophisticates alarm system as an insurance ___C______ further losses. A) for B) from C) against D) towards

22、Lightning is a __B______ of electrical current from a cloud to the ground or from one cloud to another. A) rush B) rainbow C) rack D) ribbon

23、An outline is used most often to __A____the contents of long complex papers before the actual writing begins. A. sketch B. illustrate C. draw D. describe

24、I felt somewhat disappointed and was about to leave, ______C__ something occurred which attracted my attention.

A) unless B) until C) when D) while

25、_______B____ the earth to be flat, many feared that Columbus would fall off the edge of the earth. A) Having believed B) Believing C) Believed D) Being believed 26、The survival of civilization as we know it is __B___ threat.

A) within B) under C) towards D) upon 27、Liquids are like solids __A___ they have a definite volume.

A) in that C) with that B) for that D) at that

28、She was so ______B__ in her job that she didn’t hear anybody knocking at the door.

A) attracted B) absorbed C) drawn D) concentrated

29、Jean doesn’t want to work right away because she thinks that if she ___B_______ a job she probably wouldn’t be able to see her friends very often.

A) has to get B) were to get C) had got D) could have got 30、You cannot be ____C______ careful when you drive a car. A) very B) so C) too D) enough

31、I shall never allow you to marry the poor girl and you are not my son if you ____D_. A. have B. married C. do not D. do

32、______B____ as it was at such a time, his work attracted much attention.

A) Being published B) Published

C) Publishing D) To be published

33、When a fire ___B_ at the National Exhibition in London, at least ten priceless paintings were completely destroyed. A) broke off C) broke down B) broke out D) broke up

34、At first, the speaker was referring to the problem of pollution in the country, but halfway in her speech, she suddenly _____B____ to another subject.

A) committed B) switched C) favoured D) transmitted

35、A healthy life is frequently thought to be _D______ with the open countryside and homegrown food. A) tied B) bound C) involved D) associated 36、____D_ they reached the centre of the city, they stopped the car at a bar. A) Before a mile or so when C) Further than a mile or so B) For a mile or so after D) A mile or so before

37、Today, _____A____ major new products without conducting elaborate market research. A) corporations hardly introduce ever B) corporations hardly ever introduce C) hardly corporations introduce ever D) hardly corporations ever introduce 38、I would appreciate __A___ it a secret.

A) your keeping C) that you keep B) you to keep D) that you will keep

39、Sir Denis, who is 78, has made it known that much of his collection __D_______ to the nation. A) has left B) is to leave C) leaves D) is to be left

40、The destruction of these treasures was a loss for mankind that no amount of money could ____B_.

A) stand up to C) come up with B) make up for D) put up with

41、I’ve already told you that I’m going to buy it, ____A_____. A) however much it costs B) however does it costs much C) how much does it cost D) no matter how it costs 42、Then ____B_ of that time when he was cowboy. A. Comes the memory B. came the memory C. the memory comes D. the memory came

43、It is politely requested by the hotel management that radios __C____ after 11 o’clock at night.

A) were not played B) not to play

C) not be played D) did not play

44、He decided to make further improvements on the computer's design __C___ the light of the requirements of customers. A) on B) for C) in D) with

45、Before the first non-stop flight made in 1949, it __C______ necessary for all planes to land for refueling. A) would be B) has been C) had been D) would have been 46、I would appreciate __A___ it a secret.

A) your keeping C) that you keep B) you to keep D) that you will keep

47、Although I like the appearance of the house, what really made me decide to buy it was the beautiful ___________D___ through the window.

A) vision B) look C) picture D) view

48、Busy ___B_ he is, he can fulfill the task ahead of schedule. A. because B. as C. no matter how D. although

49、In general, the amount that a student spends for housing should be held to one-fifth the total _______B__ for living expenses. A) acceptable B) available C) advisable D) applicable 50、In preparing scientific reports of laboratory experiments, a student should __D___ his findings in logical order and clear language. A) furnish B) propose C) raise D) present

51、In Britain today women ____C__ 44% of the workhorse, and nearly half the mothers with children are in paid work. A) build up B) stand for C) make up D) conform to 52、Then the speaker _C____ the various factors leading to the present economic crisis.

A) went after C) went into B) went for D) went on

53、Cancer is second only ____B______ heart disease as a cause of death.

A) of B) to C) with D) from

54、Children, we have to _D____ what we have now and it is for you to get better things in the future. A. make up for B. run away with C. do away with D. put up with 55、________A__ might be expected, the response to the question was very mixed. A) As B) That C) It D) What

56、You ______D____ her in her office last Friday; she’s been out of town for two weeks.

A) needn’t have seen B) must have seen C) might have seen D) can’t have seen

57、Every man in this country has the right to live where he wants to __D___ the color of his skin. A) with the exception of B) in the light of

C) by virtue of D) regardless of

58、The doctor told Penny that too much ___A__ to the sun is bad for the skin. A) exposure B) extension C) exhibition D) expansion

59、Housewives who do not go out to work feel they are not working to their full __A_____. A) capacity B) strength C) length D) possibility 60、Mark often attempts to escape _D____ whenever he breaks traffic regulations.

A) having been fined C) to have been fined B) to be fined D) being fined

61、That was so serious a matter that I had no choice but ___D_____ the police.

A) called in B) calling in C) call in D) to call in

62、Michael used to look hurt and surprised when __D___. A) scolding B) to scold C) having scolded D) scolded

63、The students was just about to __D___ the questions, when suddenly he found the answer. A) arrive at C) work out B) submit to D) give up

64、Despite the wonderful acting and well-developed plot the ____B_____ movie could not hold our attention.

A) three-hours B) three-hour C) three-hours’ D) three-hour’s

65、If I correct someone, I will do it with as much good humor and self-restraint as if I were the one __________D__. A) to correct B) correcting C) having corrected D) being corrected 66、Do you object _B____with you tonight?

A. that B. for my staying C. to that I shall stay D. to my staying 67、I hate people who _______A___ the end of a film that you haven’t seen before. A) reveal B) rewrite C) revise D) reverse 68、As I was just getting familiar with this job, I had __D___ to ask my boss.

A) many B) most C) more D) much 69、If you don't like to swim, you _B____ stay at home. A) should as well B) may as well C) can as well D) would as well

70、When there are small children around, it is necessary to put bottles of pills out of _A____.

A) reach C) hold B) hand D) place

71、I used to smoke __B__ but I gave it up three years ago. A) seriously B) heavily C) badly D) severely

72、Doing your homework is a sure way to improve your test scores, and this is especially true ________A____ it comes to classroom tests.

A) when B) since C) before D) after

73、You will want two trees about ten feet apart, from ___C__ to suspend your tent.

A) there B) them C) which D) where

74、New York __D__ second in the production of apples, producing 850,000,000 pounds this year. A) ranked B) occupied C) arranged D) classified 75、_B___ quite recently, most mothers in Britain did not take paid work outside the home.

A) Before B) Until C) From D) Since

76、Features such as height, weight, and skin color __B_____ from individual to individual and from face to face. A) change B) vary C) alter D) convert 77、If only I ____C_ the books on the reading list before I attended the lecture. A. read B. have read C. had read D. could have read

78、Melted iron is poured into the mixer much ___A______ tea is poured into a cup from a teapot. A) in the same way like B) in the same way which C) in the same way D) in the same way as

79、No matter how frequently ___B__, the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences.

A) performing C) to be performed B) performed D) being performed 80、The _____A of blood always makes him feel sick.

A) sight C) look B) view D) form

81、In Britain, the best season of the year is probably __D___ spring.

A) later C) latter B) last D) late

82、The little man was __A___ more than one meter fifty tall. A) nearly B) quite C) hardly D) almost

83、Careful surveys have indicated that as many as 50 percent of patients do not take drugs ____D____ directed.

A) like B) so C) which D) as

84、The manager needs an assistant that he can ___A_____ to take care of problems in his absence.

A) count on B) count in C) count up D) count out 85、To be frank, I'd rather you ___D__ in the case. A) will not be involved B) not involved C) not to be involved D) were not involved

86、In developing countries people are ____C____ into overcrowded cities in great numbers.

A) breaking B) filling C) pouring D) hurrying

87、I make notes in the back of my diary ___D______ thing to be mended or replaced. A) by B) in C) with D) of

88、While crossing the mountain areas, all the men had guns for protection lest they __A___by the local bandits. A. be attacked B. were attacked C. must be attacked D. would be attacked 89、The organization had broken no rules, but ______A____ had it acted responsibly.

A) neither B) so C) either D) both 90、In Britain, the best season of the year is probably __D___ spring.

A) later C) latter B) last D) late

91、It’s reported that by the end of this month the output of cement in the factory _A_______ by about 10%. A) will have risen B) has risen C) will be rising D) has been rising 92、Up went the prices, ___D___.

A. down the living standard come B. the living standard came down C. came down the living standard D. down came the living standard

93、We gave out a cheer when the red roof of the cottage came ___D_______ view.

A) from B) in C) before D) into 94、The room is in a terrible mess; it ____A_____ cleaned. A) can’t have been B) mustn’t have been C) shouldn’t have been D) wouldn’t have been

95、I have had great deal of trouble ____C_ the rest of the class. A) coming up against B) making up for C) keeping up with D) living up to

96、All the students in this class passed the English exam ____D____ the exception of Li Ming. A) on B) in C) for D) with

97、If you suspect that the illness might be serious you should not __A___ going to the doctor. A) put off B) hold back C) put aside D) hold up 98、_____ Bfor my illness I would have lent him a helping hand. A) Not being B) Had it not been C) Without being D) Not having been

99、A well-written composition ____B______ good choice of words and clear organization among other things. A) calls on B) calls for C) calls up D) calls off

100、He burned all the important documents ___B_ that they should fall into the enemy’s hands. A. unless B. for fear C. until D. so

101、It is recommended that the project __C___ until all the preparations have been made.

A) is not started C) not be started B) will not be started D) is not to be started 102、

103、The science of medicine, ___A__ progress has been very rapid lately, is perhaps the most important of all science. A. to which B. with which C. in which D. among which 104、They took _____D___ measures to prevent poisonous gases from escaping.

A) fruitful B) beneficial C) valid D) effective 105、If you want to know the train schedule, please ___B__ at the booking office. A) acquire B) inquire C) request D) require 106、Certain programs work better for some __B___ for others. A) and B) than C) as D) but

107、If I had remembered _____A____ the window, the thief would not have got in.

A) to close B) closing C) to have closed D) having closed 108、____A_ a teacher in a university, it is necessary to have at least a master's degree. A) To become B) Become C) One become D) On becoming 109、This hotel _____D $ 60 for a single room with bath.

A) claims C) prices B) demands D) charges

110、People can ___B__ new ideas which nobody ever considered before.

A. came into B. come up with C. come out D. come along with

111、The traditional approach ____A_____ with complex problems is to break them down into smaller, more easily managed problems.

A) to dealing B) in dealing C) dealing D) to deal 112、He thought that ____C_.

A) the effort doing the job was not worth C) it was not worth the effort doing the job B) the effort was not worth in doing the job D) it was not worth the effort by doing the job 113、

114、I could not persuade him to accept it, __D___ make him see the important of it. A) if only I could not B) no more than I could C) or I could not D) nor could I 115、

116、The grey building is where the workers live, and the white one is where the spare parts _B____. A) are producing B) are produced C) produced D) being produced

117、During their first teacher-training year, the students often visited local schools for the __C__ of lessons. A. observation B. observance C. investigation D. inspection

118、Although he had looked through all the reference material on the subject, he still found it hard to understand this point and her explanation only __C___ to his confusion.

A) extended C) added B) amounted D) turned

119、It has been revealed that some government leaders _C________ their authority and position to get illegal profits for themselves. A) employ B) take C) abuse D) overlook 120、It is not unusual for workers in that region ___A__. A) to be paid more than a month late C) to pay later than a month more B) to be paid later than more a month D) to pay late more than a month

121、There are other problems which I don’t propose to _____A____ at the moment.

A) go into B) go around C) go for D) go up 122、He’s watching TV? He’s _____B___ to be cleaning his room. A) known B) supposed C) regarded D) considered

123、The coming of the railways in the 1830s _A____ our society and economic life. A) transformed B) transported C) transferred D) transmitted 124、The store had to ____D_______ a number of clerks because sales were down. A) lay out B) lay off C) lay aside D) lay down

125、Some plants are so sensitive __B___ pollution that they can only survive in a perfectly clean environment. A) from B) against C) to D) with

126、The old couple decided to _____D____ a boy and a girl though they had three of their own. A) adapt B) bring C) receive D) adopt

127、A completely new situation will __A___ when the examination system comes into existence. A) arise C) raise B) rise D) arouse

128、Because of the _B____ emphasis placed on classroom work, the instructor will report your absences to the adviser. A) large B) strong C) hard D) high

129、The government is trying to do something to ___B_____ better understanding between the two countries. A) raise B) promote C) heighten D) increase 130、I wish I ___A_ longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class.

A) could have slept C) might have slept B) slept D) have slept

131、We were struck by the extent ____A_______ which teachers’ decisions served the interests of the school rather than those of the students. A) to B) for C) in D) with

132、The newspaper did not mention the __C______ of the damage caused by the fire. A) range B) level C) extent D) quantity 133、I have no objection _B____ the evening with them. A) to spend B) to spending C) of spending D) spending

134、Shelly had prepared carefully for her biology examination so that she could be sure of passing it on her first _______C_____. A) intention B) attempt C) purpose D) desire

135、It does not alter the fact that he was the man __C___ for the death of the little girl. A) accounting B) guilty C) responsible D) obliged 136、Don’t get your schedule _______C__; stay with us in this class. A) to change B) changing C) changed D) change

137、Turn on the television or open a magazine and you __C___ advertisements showing happy, balanced families. A) are often seeing C) will often see B) often see D) have often seen

138、The ancient Egyptians are supposed ____B_____ rockets to the moon. A) to send B) to be sending C) to have sent D) to have been sending 139、It took him several months to __C___ the wild horse.

A) tend C) breed B) cultivate D) tame

140、While people may refer to television for up-to-minute news, it is unlikely that television __D___ the newspaper completely.

A) replaced C) replace B) have replaced D) will replace

141、We didn't know his telephone number, otherwise we __A___ him. A) would have telephoned C) would telephone B) must have telephoned D) had telephoned

142、This ticket ___C______ you to a free meal in our new restaurant.

A) gives B) grants C) entitles D) credits

143、Medical care reform has become this country's most important public health _D____. A) question B) stuff C) matter D) issue 144、Homework ___A__ on time will lead to better grades. A) done B) be done C) having done D) to have been done

145、Realizing that he hadn't enough money and ____C_ to borrow from his father, he decided to sell his watch. A) not wanted B) not to want C) not wanting D) wanting not

146、It is quite necessary for a qualified teacher to have good manners and __A_______ knowledge.

A) extensive B) expansive C) intensive D) expensive

147、An Olympic Marathon is 26 miles and 385 yards, _C____ approximately from Marathon to Athen. A) distance B) is the distance C) the distance D) the distance is

148、The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, _C________ and perfected now.

A) developed B) have developed C) are being developed D) will have been developed

149、Not that John doesn't want to help you, ___D__ it's beyond his power. A) but that B) for that C) and that D) in that 150、The speech ____D_ a lively discussion started. A) being delivered B) was delivered C) be delivered D) having been delivered

Part III. Cloze

Passage1

Ron Bricker worked in a steel mill until he got laid off. It looked 31 he would never get his old job 32 . Steel companies in the United States 33 doing as much business as they 34 to do. People weren’t buying as many American cars, so 35 steel was being used. Times were 36 . Mr. Bricker decided to try 37 trade. So, in 1983 he went to a computer school. One day President Reagan 38 the school. Mr. Bricker asked the President to 39 him get a new job. The President did. Mr. Bricker 40 a job fixing computers. He went 41 television and told everyone how the President had helped him. There was one big 42 , however. Mr. Bricker didn’t really like his new job. It was better than 43 , but he wasn’t happy. The new job 44 only half as much as Mr. Bricker had 45 working in the steel mill. Every day he 46 for his old job back. Then he quit the job the President had helped him get. 47 with computers just wasn’t for him. He planned to get a job 48 a truck. But he didn’t need to go. 49 were getting better. The steel mill called. They 50 Ron Bricker again. B31. A) if B) as if C) as D) whether C32. A) in B) back C) on D) forth B33. A) weren’t B) aren’t C) wasn’t D) hadn’t been D34. a) accustomed B) happened C) seemed D) used B35. A) more B) less C) much D) little A36. A) tough B) serious C) rough D) uneasy C37. A) other B) more C) another D) next C38. A) called B) came C) visited D) phoned B39. A) have B) help C) make D) let D40. A) wanted B) got C) received D) gained

D41. A) in B42. A) thing C43. A) anything C44. A) sent A45. A) made C46. A) dreamed A47. A) Working A48. A) driving D49. A) Matters C50. A) asked B) into B) problem B) everything B) afforded B) brought B) arranged B) Doing B) riding B) Years B) demanded C) with C) issue C) nothing C) paid C) taken C) desired C) Meeting C) moving C) Days C) needed

D) on D) question D) something D) earned D) accepted D) wished D) Conducting D) opening D) Things D) phoned

Passage2

There are five basic functions of a newspaper: to inform, to comment, to persuade, to instruct and 31 . You may well think this list of functions 32 in order of importance but, if so, you would not be 33 agreement with the majority of the reading public. 34 the two broad kinds of newspapers, the popular and the quality, the former 35 a readership of millions, while the latter, only hundreds 36 thousands. Yet the popular papers seem largely 37 for entertainment. Their news coverage contains 38 comment and persuasive language. The quality newspapers 39 a much higher value on information and a much 40 one on entertainment. It is not only in content 41 the two types of paper differ. There is a 42 in the style in which the articles 43 . The popular papers generally use more dramatic 44 with a lot of word – play. Their reporters tend 45 shorter sentences and avoid less well-known vocabulary. This 46 that popular newspapers are easier for a native speaker 47 , though probably not for a non-native speaker. In order to decide 48 a newspaper is a quality or popular one, 49 is not even necessary to read it, since you can tell simply by the 50 it looks. Popular papers are generally smaller with fewer columns per page. They have bigger headlines and more photographs. The articles are shorter and there are fewer per page. B31. A) to entertain B) entertaining C) entertain D) entertainment C32. A) are B) is C) has D) have D33. A) at B) for C) in D) on C34. A) For B) By C) With D) Of B35. A) is B) are C) has D) have C36. A) by B) of C) in D) on A37. A) assigned B) designed C) proposed D) programmed

C38. A) a number of D39. A) settle C40. A) poorer B41. A) as B42. a) difference C43. A) have written B44. A) things B45. A) using B46. A) points B47. A) understands C48. A) that B49. A) this D50. A) appearance B) many of B) put B) lower B) how B) difficulty B) to be written B) way B) use B) means B) understanding B) how B) it B) fact

C) a lot of C) use C) greater C) that C) dislike C) are written C) pages C) to use C) decides C) understood C) whether C) that C) manner D) a few of

D) make D) broader D) which D) discipline D) write D) language D) the use of D) tells D) to understand D) when D) you D) way

Passage3

After having lived for over twenty years in the same district, Albert Hall was forced to move to a new neighborhood. He surprised his landlord by 31 him that he was leaving because he could not afford 32 any more chocolate. It all began a year ago 33 Albert returned home one evening and found a large dog 34 front of the gate. He was very fond 35 animals and as he happened to have a small piece of chocolate 36 his pocket, he gave it to the dog. 37 it held up its day, the dog was there again. 38 and received another piece of chocolate as 39 . Albert called his new friend ―Bingo‖. He never 40 the dog’s real name, nor who his 41 was. However, Bingo appeared 42 every afternoon and it was quite clear 43 he preferred chocolate to bones. He soon grew dissatisfied with 44 pieces of chocolate and demanded a large bar a day. If 45 any time Albert neglected his duty, Bingo got very 46 and refused to let him open the gate. Albert was now 47 Bingo’s mercy and had to bribe him to get out 48 his own house! He spend such a large 49 of his weekly wages to keep Bingo supplied with chocolate 50 in the end he had to move somewhere else. D31. A) saying B) speaking C) talking D) telling B32. A) buying B) to buy C) to buying D) to have bought D33. A) and B) then C) the time D) when B34. A) at B) in C) on D) to B35. A) for B) of C) on D) to C36. A) at B) by C) in D) with

A37. A) The next D38. A) hands B39. A) an hour B40. A) found C41. A) boss C42. A) sometimes A43. A) that C44. A) some A45. A) at D46. A) calmly A47. A) at B48. A) from B49. A) piece B50. A) when B) In next

B) feet B) a reward B) found out B) landlord B) excitingly B) what B) big B) in B) calm B) in B) of B) part B) that

C) On next C) fingers C) a change C) thought C) owner C) regularly C) when C) small C) for C) angrily C) on C) to C) package C) and

D) By the D) paws D) a tip D) cared D) father D) unusually D) which D) little D) on D) angry D) by D) in D) port D) so

Passage4

Everyone wants to be healthy and happy. __31___, illness or accidents may occur without any __32__. Frequently the person who is __33__ can be cared for at home if there is someone __34__ of looking after him under the doctor’s __35__. Sometimes arrangements can be __36__ for a visiting nurse to give the necessary __37__ once a day, or often, if necessary. The responsible one in the home __38__ on with the rest of the care during the __39__ between the nurses’ visits. The rapid diagnosis () and immediate treatment __40__ the spot of an accident or sudden illness, __41__ awaiting the arrival of doctors, is called the first aid quite __42__ from the home nursing. When illness does come, __43__ family is affected. Many adjustments have to be made __44__ the family routine needn’t be __45__ completely. Often it can be rearranged with home duties simplified to save time and energy, thus reducing __46__ on; the family. The __47__ responsibility for giving nursing care is usually __48__ by one person, frequently the mother. __49__, in order that she may have some much needed rest, or __50__ she herself is ill, other members of the family should learn how to help when sickness occurs. B1. A) Occasionally B) Unfortunately C) Actually D) Naturally C2. A) reason B) notice C) warning D) signal C3. A) weak B) patient C) ill D) healthy C4. A) suitable B) appropriate C) capable D) able

D5. A) introduction B 6. A) done A7. A) care B8. A) works C9. A) break A10. A) on B11. A) before B12. A) similar B13. A) all the B14. A) and D15. A) maintained A16. A) strain B17. A) technical C18. A) consumed D19. A) Consequently B20. A) in fact B) control

B) made B) cure B) carries B) holiday B) in B) while B) distinct B) the all B) but B) neglected B) worry B) overall B) obtained B) Moreover B) in case

C) decision C) placed C) treatment C) looks C) interval C) at C) as C) urgent C) the whole C) unless C) solved C) pain C) minor C) assumed C) Unexpectedly C) at a result D) direction

D) supplied D) training D) depends D) course D) from D) until D) separate D) the entire D) since D) disturbed D) trouble D) reasonable D) tolerated D) However

D) on the contrary

Passage5

The man walked up to Jim and asked him if he 31 give him a few pence for a cup of coffee. When Jim 32 him he began walking by Jim’s 33 and said that he 34 to get a job for the last few months but that no one would give him 35 because he had been in 36 . Jim said that there were organizations to help 37 in such a situation, and that he could 38 get help there. The man said then that he was 339 ￡4.40 a week but that he found it impossible to live 40 such a small amount. Jim stopped, turned 41 the man and asked what he had been in prison 42 . On being 43 that it was for begging in the street, Jim pointed 44 the irony of the situation. The man said he rather hoped he would be 45 again, as in that way he would at least have shelter and food. Jim then asked 46 the man was 47 and, when confirmed on this, said with a 48 that he would, in that case, 49 the man to realize his 50 , explaining that he was a policeman and was just going on duty. B31. A) should B) could C) can D) ought C32. A) failed B) missed C) ignored D) unnoticed B33. A) site B) side C) shoulder D) arm D34. A) tried B) has tried C) had been tried D) had been trying

C35. A) that D36. A) hospital D37. A) partners A38. A) surely B39. A) begging D40. A) over B41. A) into A42. a) for B43. A) telling C44. A) to D45. A) grasped A46. A) if D47. A) actual D48. A) cry C49. A) make A50. A) desire B) this B) school B) men B) readily B) getting B) by B) to B) with B) told B) at B) locked B) that B) real B) stress B) try B) anxiety

C) one C) temple C) friends C) finally C) having C) for C) from C) at C) saying C) out C) blocked C) what C) true C) sound C) help C) despair

D) it D) prison D) people D) safely D) setting D) on

D) forward D) against D) said D) towards D) caught D) which D) serious D) smile D) let D) care

Passage6

When you read to learn English composition, you 31 regard the language as the main thing.

When you read a 32 in English, do you read it for the story or for the English? This is a question that is not so foolish 33 it may seem, 34 I find that many students of English 35 far more attention to the story 36 to the English. They read and enjoy and 37 a long time afterwards remember the story, but do not 38 to study the use of words and 39 in it. For instance, they know the plot of the story 40 , but do not remember a 41 sentence in the story and cannot tell 42 preposition is used before or 43 a certain word in the speech of a certain character. Of course, it is all right to read and 44 and remember a story, and so long as one 45 to know the story only, one need not 46 about the language. But the case is quite different 47 a student of English. I mean a student of English as distinguished from a reader of stories or 48 is called the general reader. As you may have 49 from the above, a student of English should read very 50 and regard the language as the main thing. D31. A) ought B) need C) would D) ought to C32. A) writing B) essay C) story D) report B33. A) that B) as C) than D) as if A34. A) for B) when C) since D) therefore

D35. A) take B36. A) due C37. A) during A38. A) care D39. A) paragraphs C40. A) in heart A41. A) single B42. A) any B43. A) under A44. A) enjoy B45. A) does D46. A) concern C47. A) of B48. A) which D49. A) arrived A50. A) carefully B) gain B) than B) in B) dream B) letters B) from mind B) simple B) what B) after B) ignore B) wants B) bring B) from B) what B) secured B) carelessly C) put

C) thanks C) for C) stop C) terms C) by heart C) long C) whether C) over C) write C) satisfies C) study C) with C) that C) thought C) well

D) pay D) rather D) on D) expect D) phrases D) to mind D) compound D) certain D) behind D) realize D) fails D) bother D) against D) it D) gathered D) hard

Passage7

Traveling can be fun and easy. A vacation trip to another country is especially 31 when the traveling conditions are good. Good traveling conditions 32 a comfortable mode of transportation, knowledge of the 33 language, familiarity 34 the customs and habits of the people in the country, and pleasant traveling 35 . All of us have had nice trips 36 this.

Most of us have also had trips that we would 37 to forget. Many conditions can produce a bad 38 experience. For example, if the four conditions 39 above do not exist, we will probably have a bad experience, 40 at best a difficult 41 . Students who travel to 42 country to study often have a difficult trip. They usually travel 43 . They don’t know the language of the new country 44 . They often arrive in the new country 45 a huge international airport. From the airport, they need to 46 their way to their school. Maybe they need to 47 airplanes, to take a bus, a train, or a taxi. They need to do all this in a country 48 everything is unfamiliar. Later, after the experiences are 49 , they can laugh. But at the 50 , they feel terrible. B31. A) A) happy B) enjoyable C) amusing D) favorable A32. A) include B) conclude C) hold D) contain C33. A) place’s B) area’s C) country’s D) city’s D34. A) to B) for C) of D) with A35. A) companions B) friends C) comrades D) fellows

C36. A) with C37. A) have B38. A) tripping D39. A) told A40. A) or B41. A) case C42. a) different C43. A) separate A44. A) yet A45. A) at D46. A) watch D417. A) shift A48. A) where B49. A) ended B50. A) date B) as B) think B) traveling B) numbered B) and B) one B) another B) lonely B) either B) to B) see B) exchange B) that B) over B) time

C) like C) wish C) passing C) talked C) but C) thing C) foreign C) alone C) too C) on C) notice C) board C) when C) completed C) while

D) of D) need D) visiting D) listed D) so D) practice D) other D) single D) already D) from D) find D) change D) which D) finished D) day

Passage8

A young man was called up for army service and had to go to be medically examined. The doctor 31 at a desk when he went 32 . He said to the man, ―Take your coat and shirt off, loosen your belt and sit on 33 chair.‖ The young man did 34 . The doctor looked 35 him for a moment without getting 36 from his chair and then said, ―All right. 37 your clothes again.‖ ― 38 you haven’t examined meat 39 !‖ the young man said in a troubled 40 . ―It isn’t 41 ,‖ the doctor said gently. ― 42 I told you to take your coat and shirt off, you 43 me all right, so you aren’t 44 . You saw the chair I pointed 45 , so your eyesight’s good enough 46 the army. You 47 to take your clothes off and to sit on the chair, so your body 48 be healthy, and you understood 49 I told you to do and did it without a 50 , so you must possess enough intelligence for the army.‖

B31. A) is sitting B) was sitting C) sat D) sits C32. A) on B) around C) in D) ahead D33. A) a B) your C) one D) that B34. A) it B) so C) as D) such D35. A) in B) for C) to D) at A36. A) up B) away C) out D) off C37. A) Wear B) Dress C) Put on D) Take off

C38. A) And B39. A) it C40. A) sound A41. A) necessary B42. A) While C43. A) answered A44. A) deaf D45. A) out C46. A) in D14. A) knew B48. A) would A49. A) what A50. A) mistake B) So B) all B) noise B) good B) When B) caught B) dim B) towards B) to B) had B) must B) that B) moment

C) But C) last C) voice C) helpful C) Since C) heard C) dumb C) up C) for C) succeeded C) can C) how C) fault

D) Or D) once D) speech D) useful D) Until D) got D) dull D) to D) within D) managed D) may D) which D) minute

Passage9

One factor that can influence consumers is their mood state. Mood may be defined __31__ a temporary and mild positive or

negative feeling that is generalized and not tied __32__ any particular circumstance. Moods should be __33__ from emotions which are usually more intense, __34__ to specific circumstances, and often conscious. __35__ one sense, the effect of a consumer’s mood can be thought of in __36__ the same way as can our reactions to the __37__ of our friends—when our friends are happy and ―up‖, that trends to influence us positively, __38__ when they are ―down‖, that can have a __39__ impact on us. Similarly, consumers

operating under a __40__ mood state tend to react to stimuli (刺激因素) in a direction __41__ with that mood state. Thus, for example, we should expect to see __42__ in a positive mood state evaluate products in more of a __43__ manner than they would when not in such a state. __44__, mood states appear capable of __45__ a consumer’s memory.

Moods appear to be __46__ influenced by marketing techniques. For example, the rhythm, pitch, and __47__ of music has been shown to influence behavior such as the __48__ of time spent in supermarkets or __49__ to purchase products. In addition, advertising can influence consumers’ moods which, in __50__, are capable of influencing consumer’ reactions to products. A31. A) with B) about C) as D) by C32. A) up B) to C) under D) over

D33. A) divided B) derived C) descended D) distinguished A34. A) referred B) related C) attached D) associated C35. A) In B) On C) By D) Of B36. A) thus B) still C) much D) even

D37. A) behavior B38. A) for C39. A) relative A40. A) fixed D41. A) insistent A42. A) retailers D43. A) casual C44. A) Moreover B45. A) lifting A46. A) rarely D47. A) volume B48. A) extent D49. A) capacities A50. A) turn B) gesture C) signal D) view B) provided C) unless D) but B) negative C) sensitive D) decisive B) granted C) given D) driven B) resistant C) persistent D) consistent B) consumers C) businessmen D) manufacturers B) serious C) favorable D) critical B) However C) Nevertheless D) Otherwise B) raising C) cultivating D) enhancing B) readily C) currently D) cautiously B) speed C) step D) band B) scope C) amount D) range B) facilities C) intentions D) reflections B) depth C) total D) detail

Passage10

Most students think of the library only 31 a place where books are stored, but a library also 32 many valuable services.

The library may loan records and/or films, 33 often houses coin-operated photocopying machines, and it 34 provide listening rooms, typing 35 , and study rooms. Many libraries offer an interlibrary loan system whereby they can borrow books 36 other libraries for your 37 . The people 38 work in a library are perhaps 39 important than any particular thing 40 is kept there. While you may think 41 librarians as people who check 42 and shelve books, you will 43 that college librarians are valuable to talk 44 . They can help you locate information, suggest a focus and direction for approaching a topic, and help you organize 45 research. Even though librarians always look 46 , do not hesitate to ask them questions. There is always at least 47 librarian, usually located in the reference area, 48 primary responsibility is to 49 students. Visit the library, look 50 , and be ready to use it effectively when you get first class assignment this semester. B31. A) for B) as C) about D) like B32. A) sends B) offers C) affords D) arranges A33. A) it B) they C) which D) she A34. A) may B) must C) even D) also C35. A) offices B) machines C) rooms D) lessons D36. A) to B) for C) with D) from

B37. A) time C38. A) whose C39. A) very D40. A) what C41. A) over D42. A) in A43. A) find B44. A) over B45. A) her C46. A) happy A47. A) one D48. A) it C49. A) warn B50. A) after

B) use B) which B) rather B) whoever B) for B) up B) understand B) to B) your B) young B) a B) which B) alarm B) around

C) part C) who C) more C) they C) of C) for C) ask C) in C) his C) busy C) the C) its C) assist C) ahead D) classmate D) when D) most D) that D) as D) out D) give D) about D) its D) helpful D) some D) whose D) guide D) down

Part IV. Writing

1．A Letter of Apology

1.娱乐活动多种多样

2.娱乐活动可能使人们受益，也可能有危害性 3.作为大学生，我的看法。

2. On a Harmonious Dormitory Life

1. 宿舍生活有时会出现不和谐的情况 2. 一个和谐宿舍生活的必要性 3. 如何创造和谐的宿舍生活

3. Harmfulness of Fake Commodities

1. 目前社会上有不少假冒伪劣商品（fake commodities）。为什么会有这种现象？ 2. 举例说明假冒伪劣商品对消费者个人、社会等的危害。 Harmfulness of Fake Commodities

4．Getting to Know the World Outside the Campus

1. 大学生了解社会的必要性。

2. 了解社会的途径（大众媒介、社会服务等） 3. 我打算怎么做。

5. Global Shortage of Fresh Water

1. 人们以为淡水是取之不尽的 (提示：雨水、河水、井水．．．) 2. 实际上淡水是非常紧缺的

(提示：人口增加，工业用水增加，污染．．．) 3. 我们应该怎么办

6. Advantage of a Job Interview

1. 现在找工作一般都要面试，通过面试，面试者（interviewer）和应试者(interviewee) 可以互相了解情况。 2. 面试者可以向应试者介绍情况如工作性质、条件、待遇等。

3. 应试者也有机会给对方留下一个好印象，如可以表现出自信心，可以介绍教育背景，工作能力等。

7. Can Money Buy Happiness?

1. 有人认为金钱是幸福之本（source of happiness） 2. 也有人认为金钱是万恶之源（root of all evil） 3. 我的看法

8. Sounds

1) The world is filled with many sounds 2) Some sounds are useful

3) But some sounds are harmful

9. a letter in reply to a friend’s inquiry about applying for admission to your college or university.

1.你认为自己具备了什么条件（能力、性格、爱好等）可以胜任学生会主席的工作 2.如果当选，你将为本校同学做些什么 A Campaign Speech

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