morphology练习部分答案

Chapter 3 Lexicon

I. Choose the best answer. (20%)

1. Nouns, verbs and adjectives can be classified as __________.

A. lexical words B. grammatical words C. function words D. form words

2. Morphemes that represent tense, number, gender and case are called __________ morpheme.

A. inflectional B. free C. bound D. derivational

3. There are __________ morphemes in the word denationalization.

A. three B. four C. five D. six

4. In English –ise and –tion are called __________.

A. prefixes B. suffixes C. infixes D. stems

5. The three subtypes of affixes are: prefix, suffix and __________.

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A. derivational affix B. inflectional affix C. infix D. back-formation

6. __________ is a way in which new words may be formed from already existing words by subtracting an affix which is thought to be part of the old word.

A. affixation B. back-formation C. insertion D. addition

7. The word TB is formed in the way of __________.

A. acronymy B. clipping C. initialism D. blending

8. The words like comsat and sitcom are formed by __________.

A. blending B. clipping C. back-formation D. acronymy

9. The stem of disagreements is __________.

A. agreement B. agree C. disagree D. disagreement

10. All of them are meaningful except for __________.

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A. lexeme B. phoneme C. morpheme D. allomorph

II. Decide whether the following statements are true or false. (10%)

11. Phonetically, the stress of a compound always falls on the first element, while the second element receives secondary stress.

12. Fore as in foretell is both a prefix and a bound morpheme.

13. Base refers to the part of the word that remains when all inflectional affixes are removed.

14. In most cases, prefixes change the meaning of the base whereas suffixes change the word-class of the base.

15. Conversion from noun to verb is the most productive process of a word.

16. Reduplicative compound is formed by repeating the same morpheme of a word.

17. The words whimper, whisper and whistle are formed in the way of onomatopoeia.

18. In most cases, the number of syllables of a word corresponds to the

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number of morphemes.

19. Back-formation is a productive way of word-formations.

20. Inflection is a particular way of word-formations.

III. Fill in the blanks. (20%)

21. An __________ is pronounced letter by letter, while an __________ is pronounced as a word.

22. Lexicon, in most cases, is synonymous with __________.

23. Orthographically, compounds are written in three ways: __________, __________ and __________.

24. All words may be said to contain a root __________.

25. A small set of conjunctions, prepositions and pronouns belong to __________ class, while the largest part of nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs belongs to __________ class.

26. __________ is a reverse process of derivation, and therefore is a process of shortening.

27. __________ is extremely productive, because English had lost most of its

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inflectional endings by the end of Middle English period, which facilitated the use of words interchangeably as verbs or nouns, verbs or adjectives, and vice versa.

28. Words are divided into simple, compound and derived words on the __________ level.

29. A word formed by derivation is called a __________, and a word formed by compounding is called a __________.

30. Bound morphemes are classified into two types: __________ and __________.

IV. Explain the following terms, using examples. (20%)

31. Blending

32. Allomorph

33. Closed-class word

34. Morphological rule

V. Answer the following questions. (20%)

35. How many types of morphemes are there in the English language? What are they? （厦门大学，2003）

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36. What are the main features of the English compounds?

VI. Analyze the following situation. (20%)

37. Match the terms under COLUMN I with the underlined forms from COLUMN II （武汉大学，2004）

I II(1) acronym a. foe(2) free morpheme b. subconscious(3) derivational morpheme c. UNESCO(4) inflectional morpheme d. overwhelmed(5) prefix e. calculationI.

1~5 AACBB 6~10 BCADBII.

11~15 FTFTT 16~20 FTFFF

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III.

21. initialism, acronym 22. vocabulary

23. solid, hyphenated, open 24. morpheme

25. close, open 26. back-formation

27. conversion 28. morpheme

29. derivative, compound 30. affix, bound root

IV.

31. Blending: It is a process of word-formation in which a new word is formed by combining the meanings and sounds of two words, one of which is not in its full form or both of which are not in their full forms, like newscast (news + broadcast), brunch (breakfast + lunch)

32. Allomorph: It is any of the variant forms of a morpheme as conditioned by position or adjoining sounds.

33. Close-class word: It is a word whose membership is fixed or limited. Pronouns, prepositions, conjunctions, articles, etc. are all closed-class words.

34. Morphological rule: It is the rule that governs which affix can be added

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to what type of base to form a new word, e.g. –ly can be added to a noun to form an adjective.

V.

Omit.

VI.

37.

(1) c (2) a (3) e (4) d (5) b精选