must与have-to的区别。many、much、some、any、a-lot-of、a-few、

一、must、have （got）to的区别

1、 must （情态动词）必须，一定要。表示主观的义务和必要,主要用于肯定句和疑问句中。由must引起的疑问句，肯定回答用must或have to，否定回答用needn’t或don’t have to，意思为‘不必，不需要'。mustn’t表示禁止，‘不能,不许’。

-—You must see the doctor， Joe. You don't look very well。 —-You mustn’t play with fire， you may burn yourself. --Must I clean the window now? —-No， you needn’t。 Must也可以表示肯定的猜测,常用于肯定句中，意思为‘一定是，必然'。 --Your sister must be a doctor in this hospital.

——It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet。 ——Harry has been reading all day， and he must be tired。

2、 have to 与 have got to 常可以互换，‘不得不，不得已,必须’，是一种客观的需要，属于被动情况。否定形式是don’t have to，相当于needn’t。

-—My mother is out, so I have （got) to look after the shop. ——Jack’s ill, so they have got to change their plans。 --They don’t have to buy a computer at present。

另外，must没有时态的变化，过去时或将来时必须用have （got） to -—I must go to Shanghai today。 -—I have to go to Shanghai tomorrow。

3、 have got 意思为‘拥有’,相当于have，常用于口语中.一般用于一般现在时中，在过去时，完成时或进行时中只能用have。可以和情态动词合用。

--We must have got a car。

——I had a good job last year in Shanghai.

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但在助动词或动词不定式之后，只能用have，不能用have got。 ——I don’t have a bike。 —-Do you have a bike?

2、some、any、many、much、a lot of、few、little的区别

** some： ‘一些，有些（表示不确切的数量或数目）’.可修饰可数名词和不可数名词。主要用于肯定句中或带有请求的疑问句中。

——We need some meat， and we need some potatoes。

** Any: ‘一些,少许’. 可修饰可数名词和不可数名词.主要用于否定句和疑问句中。 -—We haven't got any meat at all. Do you have any?

** many： ‘许多，大量'.用于修饰可数名词，如 she has got many cars. —-We haven’t got many tomatoes， but we have got much tea.

＊＊ much: ‘许多，大量’.用于修饰不可数名词，too much water（太多水）. --I have got much money， I can buy many books.

＊＊ a lot of: 等同于 lots of.‘许多,大量’。 可修饰可数名词和不可数名词.与many、much意思相同，但其不可以修饰年、月、日、时等时间单位.如：I lived here many years。

另外，a lot 可作为修饰性的短语状语,如：Thanks a lot! 非常感谢! -—We need a lot of things this week。

** few: ‘少数的，很少的,几乎没有’ a few ‘少数几个'。用于修饰可数名词。 —-I have a few friends， but he has few friends。 我有几个朋友,但他几乎没什么朋友. ＊＊ little： ‘少数的，很少的，几乎没有’ a little ‘少数几个’。用于修饰不可数名词。 -—I have a little money, but he has little money.我有一些钱，但他几乎没有。

a lot of、lots of、a number of( /large numbers of)、a great deal of、plenty of的区

别:

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五个“名词+介词”短语都表示“大量，许多”，a lot of(或lots of）既可以修饰不可数名词也可以修饰可数名词的复数形式，可以相应地换为much和many；plenty of“足够、大量\"，既可以修饰不可数名词也可以修饰可数名词的复数形式。

a number of / large numbers of只可以修饰可数名词复数形式（它修饰的词作主语时谓语

用复数形式)可以换为some、many、a lot of、plenty of. a great deal of只可以修饰不可数名词（它修饰的词作主语时谓语用单数形式）可以换为much。

如：A lot of people think that time is money.（许多的人认为时间就是金钱。) / I don’t have to do it in a hurry because I have plenty of time。（我用不着赶忙,因为我有充足的时间。) / I have a number of letters to write today。（今天我有好多信要写） / I spend a great deal of time/money on shopping.（在购物方面我花费了大量的时间/金钱.)

too many、too much、.much too用法区别及巩固练习

1.too many意为\"太多”，用于修饰可数名词的复数。

如：

There are too many students in our class。

我们班上有太多的学生。

He's got too many questions to ask you．他有很多问题要问你.

2。too much意为”太多”，用于修饰不可数名词。

如：

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We have too much work to do。我们有太多的工作要做。

Americans eat too much meat in my opinion．依我看，美国人吃的肉太多。

I drank too much cola last night．昨天晚上我可乐喝得太多了。

3.much too表示\"太”，用来修饰形容词或副词。

如:

The box is much too heavy， so I can’t carry it。

箱子太重了，所以我搬不动它。

You are much too kind to me．你对我实在太好了。

It's much too cold．天气实在太冷了.

You are driving much too fast．你开车太快了。

典型例题1 --- You shouldn't eat ______ meat because it's bad for your health.

——— Thanks。 And eating a lot will make me look _______ fat。

A．much too B．too much C．many too D．too many

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典型例题2 --— Mum, the soup is _______salty.

——— Sorry, dear. I've put _______salt in it,

A．too much;a lot B．much too;a lot

C．many too;a lot of D。 much too;too much

在线课堂： 1。 Today,_____trees are still being cut down somewhere in the world．（1999年辽宁）

A．much too B．too much

C．many too D．too many

2。 Look！There’s _____ice on the lake．（1999年成都）

A．too much B．much too C．a lot D。 too many

3. The sweater is very beautiful，but it's _____dear．（1999年吉林）

A．too much B．much too C．many D．more

4。 These shoes are much too _____for me．（1999年河北）

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A．big B．bigger

C．biggest D．the biggest

1。too many意为\"太多”,用于修饰可数名词的复数.如:

There are too many students in our class。

我们班上有太多的学生。

2.too much意为\"太多\用于修饰不可数名词。如：

We have too much work to do。

我们有太多的工作要做。

3.much too表示”太”，用来修饰形容词或副词。如：

The box is much too heavy， so I can’t carry it。

箱子太重了，所以我搬不动它。

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