目录
第一章 语言运用……………………………………..2 第一节 日常用语……………………………………2 第二节 大运会英语200句…………………………5 第三节 志愿者的九个经典对话……………………12
第二章 运动与大运会相关英语词汇………………19 第一节 运动专业术语………………………………19 第二节 器材名称……………………………………20 第三节 术语……………………………………21 第四节 志愿者关键词汇………………………………21 第五节 重点比赛介绍…………………………………23
第三章 大运会简介…………………………………48 第一节 国际大学生联合会……………………………48 第二节 深圳大学生运动会……………………………50 第三节 历届大学生运动会资料………………………51
附录：单词表…………………………………………
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迎大运 学英语 北美国际教育学会全程赞助
第一章 语言运用
第一节 日常用语
1、 Hello! /Good morning/afternoon/evening. 你好！早上／下午／晚上好。 2. How are you? 您好吗？
3. How was your trip? 您的旅途还愉快吗？ 4. I'm really happy to meet you. 非常高兴见到您。 5. Welcome to Shenzhen. 欢迎您到深圳来。
6. My name is Li Yang. Nice to meet you. 我叫李阳。很高兴见到您。 7. We are volunteers for Shenzhen 26th Summer Universiade. 我们是深圳第26届夏季大学生运动会的志愿者。 8. It's a great honor to meet you. 认识您我很荣幸。 9. It's very kind /nice of you. 您真是太好了。 10. I appreciate it very much. 我非常感激。 11. Thank you very much. 太感谢您了。 12. You've been very helpful. 您帮了我大忙了。 13. I'm (very/terribly) sorry. （非常）对不起。 14. Excuse me a minute. 请原谅我失陪一下。
15. Please accept our sincere apologies. 请接受我们最诚挚的歉意。 16. I'm sorry. I didn't mean it. 对不起，我不是有意的。 17. Can/May I help you? 我能帮您吗？ 18. Do you need a hand? 您需要帮忙吗？
19. What can I do for you? 我能为你做点儿什么呢？
20. Would you like me to get you a taxi? 需要我帮您叫一辆的士吗？
21. Please let me know if you need any help. 如果您需要帮助的话，请告诉我。 22. You may come to me any time you need help. 如果您需要帮助，随时都可以来找我。 23. Where are you heading now? 您要到哪儿去？
24. Go straight ahead and turn left at the traffic lights. 请直走，在交通灯处向左拐。 25. Walk down this road to the first crossing and then turn to the right. 沿着这条路直走到第一个十字路口再向右拐。
26. Take the elevator down to Basement Level One and it's right there.
搭电梯到负一层，它就在那儿。
27. The elevators are beside the escalators over there. 直升电梯就在那边扶手电梯的旁边。 28. It takes twenty minutes to walk there. 从这儿走过去得二十分钟。 29. You can't miss it. 您不会错过的。
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迎大运 学英语 北美国际教育学会全程赞助
30. What's wrong? /What seems to be the trouble? 您怎么了？ 31. How are you feeling today? 您今天感觉如何？
32. Maybe you're just tired and need a good rest. 可能你只是太累了，需要好好休息一下。 33. You'll be fine. 您会好起来的。
34. Do you have any drug allergies? 您对什么药物过敏吗？
35. You have to keep an eye on your diet and take good rests. 您得注意饮食，好好休息。 36. You need to see a doctor. 您得去看医生。 37. The doctor is coming. 医生正在起来。
38. You should take some hot tea and get a good sleep. 您应该喝些热茶，好好睡一觉。 39. Please follow me. 请跟我来。 40. This way please. 请这边走。
41. In case of difficulty again, do not hesitate to ask our volunteers for help.
如果再有什么因难，请别客气，一定要找我们志愿者帮忙。
42. We'll do our best to provide you with good services, and make you feel at home.
我们会尽力为各位提供最好的服务，让你们感觉像在家里一样。
43. Are you looking for the right gate? I am a volunteer. 您是在找入口吗？我是志愿者。 44. Please follow the signs and get out of here as soon as possible.
请按照指示标志尽快离开这里。
45. Please form a line, and get out this building from the nearest exit quickly and quietly. 请排好队，快速、安静地从最近的出口离开这里。 46. Do not be panic. 别惊慌。
47. Excuse me. You can't smoke here. 对不起，您不能在此吸烟。 48. I'm sorry. I'm afraid that's not allowed. 对不起，恐怕这是不允许的。 49. Without a valid certificate, no one can get in this building. That's the regulation. 没有有效证件，谁也不能进入大楼。这是规定。
50. You mustn't enter the building without going through the security check. 未通过安检，您不得入内。
51. Don't take it to heart. You'll do better next time. 别往心里去，下次你会做得更好的。 52. Take it easy. There must be some ways to compensate for it.
轻松一点，一定会有补偿的办法的。
53. Don't be so upset. Everything will be OK. 别这么发愁了，一切都会好起来的。 . it’s really hard for you. 真难为你了！ 55. It won't happen again. 不会再发生了。
56. Just forget it. Be a man! 忘了它吧，像个男子汉！ 57. He is a big wig. 他是一个大人物。
58. It’s rush hour now. Let's take a taxi. 现在是高峰期，坐出租车吧。
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迎大运 学英语 北美国际教育学会全程赞助
59. There are traffic jams everywhere. 到处都塞车。
怎样提建议
60. If I were you, I would not smoke. 我要是你的话，就不抽烟。 61. What can you make a person happy, in your opinion?
在你看来什么可以使一个人幸福呢？
62. What about reading loudly for half an hour everyday? 天天大声朗读三十分钟怎么样？ 63. What do you think of ***? 你认为***怎么样？
. Would it be a good idea to tell him the truth? 把实情告诉他不好吗？
怎样反驳
65. I think I am going to die. --- Don't be silly. 我想我快要死了。－ 别傻了。 66. Will you see me again? No, definitely not. 你还会再见我吗？绝对不会。
67. Wow! Your English is good. －No big deal. 哇！你的英语真好。－ 没什么了不起的。 68. it’s not as bad as it seems. 不是看起来那么糟。 69. I'm against it. 我反对。
怎样鼓励别人
70. Don't lose your heart. You are almost there. 不要失去信心。你就要成功了。 71. Go for it. You are going to make it. 去做呀！你会成功的。 72. Come on. Just do it. 来，做呀。 73. Trust yourself. 相信你自己。 74. Well done, go on. 干得好，继续。
怎样表示同情
75. it’s really hard for you to do so. 让你做这种工作真是难为你了。 76. it’s too bad you missed the chance. 真不幸你错过了这个机会。 77. If I were in your position, I would do the same thing.
我要是处在你那种环境下，我会做同样的事。 78. I'm sorry to hear that. 听到这件事我很难过。 79. I know your position. 我了解你的处境。
怎样表达激动、难以相信的心情
80. Don't take it to heart. You'll do better next time. 别往心里去，下次你会做得更好的。 81. Take it easy. There must be some ways to compensate for it.
轻松一点，一定会有补偿的办法的。
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迎大运 学英语 北美国际教育学会全程赞助
82. Don't be so upset. Everything will be OK. 别这么发愁了，一切都会好起来的。 83. it’s really hard for you. 真难为你了！ 84. It won't happen again. 不会再发生了。
怎样表示能力
85. Why don't you ask him? He's a computer expert. It's second nature to him.
干吗不问他？他是个计算机专家，他精通这一行。 86. It's beyond me. 我不明白。
87. I'm not cut out for this. 我天生不是干这行的料。 88. I have a good command of English. 我精通英语。
. I'm lost when it comes to using the computer. 碰到计算机的事我就糊涂了。
第二节 大运英语200句
I 欢迎您来到深圳 Welcome you to Shenzhen 1. 您好。Hello. 2. 谢谢您。Thank you. 3. 你好吗？How do you do? 4. 行。OK.
5. 欢迎您来到深圳。Welcome you to Shenzhen. 6. 我喜欢这个城市。I like this city. 7. 那当然。Sure. 8. 说真的。To be honest. 9. 请这边走。This way, please. 10. 真棒。Bravo.
11. 别客气。Make yourself at home. 12. 谢谢您的光临。Thank you for coming. 13. 早。Morning.
14. 待会儿见。See you later. 15. 再见，保重。So long, take care.
II 我是志愿者 I’m a volunteer 16. 有什么要我帮忙的？May I help you? 17. 我是志愿者。I’m a volunteer
18. 我是深圳大学的学生。I’m a student of Shenzhen University 19. 你要我帮忙就告诉我一声。Let me know if you need my help.
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迎大运 学英语 北美国际教育学会全程赞助
20. 我喜欢对别人奉献。I enjoy devoting to others.
21. 我的微笑就是深圳的形象。My smile is Shenzhen’s image. 22. 没有志愿者就没有大运会。No volunteers, no universitaire! 23. 我要为大运会做出贡献。I make my own contribution to the Games. 24. 志愿者的精神是友谊和互助。
The volunteer’s spirits are friendship and mutual assistance. 25. 能帮助国内外来访者我非常高兴。
I’m very happy to help all visitors both at home and wverseas. 26. 志愿者是令人羡慕的。The volunteers are admirable. 27. 我来自纽约。I come from Newyork. 28. 你真了不起。You are terrific!
29. 我可以帮助你拿那些包吗？Can I help you with those packages? 30. 你真好！That’s very kind of you.
III 问事物 Asking objects 31. 这是什么？What is this? 32. 这是手提电脑。It is s laptop. 33. 那是什么？What is that?
34. 那是数码照相机。Than is a digital camera. 35. 这些是什么？What are these? 36. 这些是书籍。These are books. 37. 那些是什么？ What are those? 38. 那些是图片。Those are pictures.
39. 这是深圳地图。This is a map of Shenzhen. 40. 我喜欢饮侃吞。I like to drink Canten. 41. 你说什么? What did you say?
42. 侃吞。这是深圳生产的天然矿泉水。Canten. It is natural water produced in Shenzhen. 43. 看这个地球仪。Look at the globe. 44. 为什么是圆的？Why is it round?
45. 这是地球形状的地图。It’s a map shaped like the earth.
IV 谈需要 Talking about what one wants 46. 我渴。I’m thirsty. 47. 我要喝水。I want a drink. 48. 他饿了。He’s hungry. 49. 他要吃东西。He needs bread.
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迎大运 学英语 北美国际教育学会全程赞助
50. 天气热。It’s hot. 51. 天气冷。It’s cold.
52. 他起得很早。He gets up very early. 53. 这房子是很老了。The house is old. . 现在正下雨。It is raining now. 55. 她要伞。She wants an umbrella. 56. 这个老人疲倦了。This old man is tired. 57. 这个孩子不高兴。The child is not happy.
58. 这个客人要一幅深圳地图。This visitor wants a book about Shenzhen. 59. 为什么这栋房屋要修理呢？Why does this house need repair? 60. 看，那是一栋摩天大楼。Look! That is a skyscraper!
V 问地方 Asking the place 61. 请问这趟车开往深圳体育馆吗？
Excuse me; does this bus go to Shenzhen Gymnasium? 62. 你能告诉我到游泳跳水馆的路吗？
Excuse me, can you tell me the way to Swimming and Diving Hall? 63. 请问罗湖体育馆在哪儿？Excuse me, where is the Luohu Gymnasium/ . 请问到西丽体育中心怎么走？Excuse me. How to get the XiLi Sport Centre? 65. 男厕在哪里？Where’s the ‘Gentleman’? 66. 你最好乘5路车。You’d better take a No 5 bus.
67. 离这儿不远，一拐弯就到。It’s not from here. It’s just around the corner. 68. 顺这条路一直走到交叉路口。
Just go along this road until you come to a place where the road forks. 69 .下车后回头向街道拐角的地方，再向左拐。
After getting off the bus, you walk back to the corner and turn left. 70. 你不会找不到的。You can’t miss it.
71. 大约有10分钟的路程。It is about a ten-minute walk. 72. 你得在公园那里换车。You’ll have to change buses at the park. 73. 深圳大学在那里? Where is Shenzhen University? 74. 办公室在上面一层。The office is upstairs on the next door. 75. 快餐厅在下面的地下室里。The snack bar is down in the basement.
VI. 谈时间日期 Talking about time and date 76. 现在是什么时间? What time is it? 77. 现在是10点种左右。It’s ten o’clock.
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迎大运 学英语 北美国际教育学会全程赞助
78. 请告诉我准确的时间。Excuse me. Can you tell me the exact time? 79. 对不起，我的表慢了。Sorry, my watch is slow.
80. 跨栏比赛什么时间开始？When does the hurdle race begin? 81. 百米比赛是明天举行吗？Will be the 100-meter dash held tomorrow? 82. 今天是几号？What is the date today? 83. 晚上9时打电话来。Call me at 9 this night.
84. 火车在这里停几分钟？How many minutes use the train stop here for? 85. 几点的火车？What time is the train?
86. 你何时到上海去？When will you go to Shanghai?
VII. 谈食物 Talking about food
87. 女孩子喜欢吃土豆泥和青豆。Girls like to eat mashed potatoes and green. 88. 深圳特产有些什么？What are the local products of Shenzhen? . 比萨饼和空心面条我吃不厌。I can always eat pizza and spaghetti. 90. 今天早饭吃什么？What is for today’s breakfast?
91. 在深圳吃豆腐是件乐事。It is delicious to eat beancurd in Shenzhen. 92. 再来点牛肉怎么样？How about some more beef? 93. 我们来吃点童子鸡。Let’s taste some chicken. 94. 玉米是天然食品。Corn is a natural food.
95. 玉米是人畜都可以吃的东西。Corn can be eaten by both people and domestic animals. 96. 在英格兰人们称西红柿为爱果。In England people usually call tomatoes love apples. 97. 她喜欢父母农场里的鸡蛋。She prefers the eggs that come from her parents’ farm. 98. 鸡蛋面美味可口。The noodles were delicious.
99. 中国的蔬菜非常新鲜。China’s vegetables are very fresh. 100. 我喜欢吃中国汤团。I prefer the Chinese dumplings. 101. 水果树的种子是从中国传到欧洲的。
The seeds of fruit trees were taken back to Europe from China.
VIII. 谈天气 Talking about the weather 102. 多么新鲜的空气！What a fresh air! 103. 天热吗？Will it be hot?
104. 明天会出太阳。It’s going to be sunny tomorrow! 105. 我不得不带上雨伞。I have to carry an umbrella with me. 106. 今天天气怎么样？How is the weather today? 107. 天气很好，是吗？Lovely weather, isn’t it?
108. 深圳的天气好极了。It’s wonderful weather in Shenzhen.
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迎大运 学英语 北美国际教育学会全程赞助
109. 我希望天气就这样。I hope the weather stays this way. 110. 多么大的雨啊！What a downpour!
111. 看上去天渐渐地晴朗了起来。It looks to be clearing up. 112. 今天大约是摄氏30度。It's about thirty degree centigrade today. 113. 一个多么可爱的夏天。What a lovely summer day! 114. 天要下雨了。It’s going to rain. 115. 今天是阴天。It’s a cloudy day today. 116. 天黑下来了。It gets dark.
Ⅸ 大运会吉祥物 The Universities mascot. 117. 什么是吉祥物？What is mascot?
118. 吉祥物是人们相信能够带来好运的玩具。
It is a toy, people believe, that will bring them good luck.
119. 我听说奥运会也有吉祥物。I was told that Olympics has its mascot. 120. 吉祥物具有市场价值。印有吉祥物的货物最为畅销。
The mascot has a marketing value .things printed with mascots are the biggest sellers. 121. 这不仅能够宣传赛会的主题，而且能开展市场营销。
It aims not only to promote the themes of the Games, but also to serve marketing purpose. 122. 我想这个吉祥物一定会使深圳人民大添乐趣。
I imagine that mascot will add fun to Shenzhen people. 123. 吉祥物能以其活力体现出运动的精神。 Mascot can embody the spirit of sports with its vitality. 124. 不错。1972年墨尼赫奥运会的吉祥物叫瓦狄的狗。
Sure. At the 1972 Munich Olympics Games, the mascot is a dog by the name of Waldi. 125． 1980年莫斯科奥运会的官方吉祥物是一头叫米莎的熊。 At the 1980 Moscow Olympics the official mascot is a bear, called Misha. 126. 2004年雅典奥运会的吉祥物是费沃斯和雅典娜。 At the 2004 Athens Olympics the mascots are Phevos and Athena.
127. 2000年北京奥运会有5个福蛙。At the Beijing Olympics there are five Fuwa. 128. 大运会的吉祥物是什么呢？ What is the mascot of Universiade? 129. 是一个可爱的小动物。It is a lovely animal. 130. 吉祥物能传达举办城市的历史和文化。
Mascot can communicate the history and culture of the host city. 131. 你能告诉我大运会吉祥物的意义么？
May you tell me the purpose of having the mascot at Universiade?
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迎大运 学英语 北美国际教育学会全程赞助
X 礼貌用语 Polite words
132. 有件事情劳你的驾。Could you do me another favor?
133. 很抱歉，我打碎了一只茶杯。I’m awfully sorry, I’ve broken a teacup. 134. 对不起，我忘了替你送信。I’m sorry; I forgot to post the letter for you. 135. 没关系，不要紧的。Never mind. It doesn’t matter. 136. 不用麻烦了。No, don’t bother.
137. 我可以和你坐在一起吗？May I join you?
138. 把窗户关上你不介意吗？Do you mind if we close the window? 139. 没问题。要我陪你去吗？No problem. Do you want me to go with you? 140. 唔，你太好了。Well, that’s very kind of you.
141. 我可以帮你拿那些包吗？Can I help you with those packages? 142. 我乐意为你做事。I’ll be glad to do it for you. 143. 再见。我会想念你的。Good bye! I’ll miss you.
XII 问语言 Asking languages
144. 你说的什么语言？What language can you speak? 145. 你会说美国英语吗？Can you speak American English? 146. 我的母语是汉语。My mother tongue is Chinese. 147. 粤语是方言吗？Is Cantonese a dialect? 148. 汉语是世界上最美的语言之一。
Chinese is one of the most beautiful languages in the world. 149. 她说黑人美国英语。She speaks Black American English. 150. 深圳人说粤语吗？Do Shenzhenians speak Cantonese?
151. 他在英语发音上遇到许多困难。He has a lot of trouble with English pronunciation. 152. 你的本国语的什么？What is your native language?
XIII 购物 Shopping
153. 我能为您做些什么吗？Is there anything I can do for you? 1. 我要买一双黑手套。I’m looking for a pair of black gloves. 155. 您要多大的？What size do you want? 156. 我戴6号的。I wear size six.
157. 有便宜一些的吗？Have you got anything cheaper? 158. 我试戴一下------挺合适的。多少钱？
I’ll try them on-----they seem to fit. How much are they? 159. 那顶红帽子什么价格？What’s the price of that red hat?
160. 对不起，我们没有您所需要的尺码。Sorry, we don’t have your size.
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161. 这是最新款的。It’s the very latest fashion.
162. 这件大运会T血衫怎么样？How about this Universidad T-shirt? 163. 我要买一件T血衫。I’d like to have a T-shirt.
1. 我们有各种款式和颜色的货。We’ve got them in many styles and colors. 165. 看上去质量很好，是全棉的吗？They look good in quality. Are they pure cotton? 166. 谢谢。总共155元。Thanks. That’s one hundred and fifty five Yuan, please. 167. 现金还是信用卡？Cash or credit card?
XIV 爱好与生活 Hobby and life
168. 你要剪什么发型？How would you like your haircut? 169. 你要做头部按摩吗？Do you want to have a head massage? 170. 你想修眉毛吗？Would like your eyebrows trimmed?
171. 你要冷烫还是化学烫发？Do you want a cold wave or a permanent wave? 172. 你的嗜好是什么？What’s your hobby?
173. 你最喜爱什么业余活动？What is your favorite free time activity? 174. 我喜欢唱卡拉OK。I’m keen on karaoke.
175. 互联网是个吸引人的世界。Internet is a fascinating world. 176. 她经常在网上冲浪。She often surf the internet.
177. 他们最喜爱书法。They are most interested in calligraphy. 178. 我要去逛街。I’ll go and do some window-shopping.
XVI 地铁和出租车 Subway train and Taxi 179. 这是地铁车站吗？This is the station! 180. 深圳地铁不纽约地铁漂亮得多。
The Shenzhen subway is more beautiful than that of New York. 181. 这里是深圳大学，你得这里下车了。
Here is Shenzhen University, you should get off.
182. 你可乘3号线，然后坐5站。You can take line 3, and go 5 stops. 183. 你得进入站台等地铁。
You’ve to get onto the platform to wait for the subway. 184. 我要换车吗？Do I have to transfer? 185. 到哪里?Where to?
186. 这是你的车费收据。Here’s your receipt.
XVIII 提议和感谢 Offering and thanking
187. 有什么别的事要我做吗？Is there anything else you would like me to do?
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迎大运 学英语 北美国际教育学会全程赞助
188. 不要忘记这个小包。Don’t forget this small bag.
1. 我肯定你回家非常高兴。You’ll be glad to get home, I’m sure. 190.只要你需要帮助，就到我这里来。
Don’t hesitate to come to me the time you need my help. 191. 我们有一间俯瞰这个城市美景的房间。
We have a room commanding a good view of the city.
192. 你可以经由深圳去。You may go to by way of Shenzhen. 193. 为你做事我会感到高兴的。I’ll be glad to do it for you. 194. 多谢。Thanks a lot.
XX, 再见，欢迎你再来 Farewell! Welcome to Shenzhen again! 195. 大运会获得巨大的成功。The Universiade is a big success. 196. 可惜这么快你就要走了。It’s a pity that you’re leaving so soon. 197. 送你走我们感到难过。We’ll be sorry to see you go. 198. 友谊是永恒的，我永远忘不掉在深圳的幸福日子。
Friendship is eternal. I always remember these happy days in Shenzhen. 199. 祝你一路顺风。Wish you a happy journey! 200. 欢迎你再来深圳。Welcome you to Shenzhen again.
第三节 志愿者的九个经典对话
一、赛会接待
A：Excuse me. Are you Mr. Steven, the team leader of Australian delegation? B：Yes, I am.
A：Great! Let me introduce myself. We are volunteers sent by the Executive Committee of Shenzhen 26th Summer Universiade. My name is Li Gang. B：Oh, wonderful! My name is John Steven. Nice to meet you.
A：Glad to meet you too, Mr. Steven. Welcome to Shenzhen. We are responsible for guiding you all to the designated hotel, the Pavilion Hotel. B：Thanks for coming to meet us. A：My pleasure. How was your trip? B：It was pleasant all the way.
A：That's great! So you have got all your team members here? B：Yes. They are all here.
A：OK. Everything's ready now. Let's get on the bus. We'll drive you to the Pavilion Hotel. B：Well, where do we pick up the luggage?
A：This way, please.… Could you all please take your luggage and follow us?
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迎大运 学英语 北美国际教育学会全程赞助
A：您好，请问您是澳大利亚的领队史蒂芬先生吗？ B：是的，我就是。
A：好！让我来介绍一下自己。我是深圳第26届夏季大学生运动会执委会派来的志愿者，我叫李刚。
B：太好了！我是约翰.史蒂芬。很高兴认识你。
A：我也很高兴认识你，史蒂芬先生。欢迎你到中国来。我负责带你们到指定的圣廷苑酒店理入住。
B：谢谢你前来接待。 A：不用客气。旅途怎样？ B：一直很愉快。
A：那就好！你们代表团的所有都到齐了吗？ B：是的。都到齐了。
A：好的。多有东西都准备好了。我们上车吧。我们将开车送你们到圣廷苑酒店。 B：好啊。我们在哪里取行李？
A：在这边……请带上所有的行李跟我走。 二、告别答谢
A：Hi, Mr. Li? I come here to express my appreciation for your help all these days. I really enjoy my stay here. B：You're welcome.
A：I'm returning to America today. So I'd like to thank you for all the time you've spent on my account during my stay here.
B：Don't mention it. I was only too pleased to be of assistance. A：If there's anything I can help you in the future, Please let me know. B：Thank you. Have a safe trip home. A：Sure. Take care.
A：您好，李先生。我是专程前来对您的帮助表示感谢的。我在这里过得很愉快。 B：不用客气。
A：我今天就要回美国了。所以我感谢您在我逗留期间给予的帮助。 B：别客气，我十分高兴能帮上忙。
A：如果将来有什么需要我帮忙的话，找我好了。 B：谢谢，祝您一路顺风。 A：我会的，您保重。 三、解释误会
A：Excuse me. Are you a volunteer?
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迎大运 学英语 北美国际教育学会全程赞助
B：Yes, I am. What can I do for you, sir?
A：Can you tell me what's going on here? Why can't we go into the stadium?
B：I'm sorry, sir. Before entering the stadium, all spectators must go through the security check. And that takes some time.
A：I see. It seems that we have to wait quite a while. B：I'm sorry about that. But this is a necessary procedure. A：But look at such a long line…
B：Please accept our apology. I hope you can understand. A：That's all right. You're doing what you have to do.
B：Thank you for your understanding. I'm sure it won't take too long. A：打扰一下，请问你是志愿者吗？ B：是的，请问我有什么可以帮忙的吗？
A：你能告诉我这儿发生了什么事吗？为什么我们不能进体育场？
B：对不起，先生。所有观众进入体育场之前必须通过安全检查，这需要一点时间。 A：原来是这样，看来我们得等上好一会儿了。 B：非常抱歉，但这是个必要的程序。 A：可是你看看这老长的队伍…… B：请接受我们的歉意，希望您能理解。 A：没关系，你们只是尽力在做好工作而已。 B：谢谢您的理解，我想信这不会占用太长时间的。
四、接驳服务
A：Good afternoon, madam. Is there anything that I can do for you?
B：Oh, yes, please. Could you help me carry these baggages to the gate over there? A：No problem. B：It's really nice of you. A：My pleasure.
B：By the way, could you tell me how I can get to the airport?
A：You can take the bus to get there. The bus station is just around the corner. B：How long will it take me to get there? A：About an hour, I think.
B：My flight is at four o'clock. I'm afraid I won't be able to make it. A：If that's the case, I'd suggest you take a taxi. B：Sounds right.
A：If you don't mind. You may stay here with your baggages while I go get you a taxi. B：That would be very nice of you. Thank you very much.
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迎大运 学英语 北美国际教育学会全程赞助
A：You are welcome.
A：下午好，女士。有什么需要我帮忙的吗？
B：哦，好的，谢谢。可以帮我把这些行李箱搬到那边的大门口吗？ A：没问题。 B：你真好。
A：我很高兴能帮上忙。 B：我还想问问我怎样去机场？
A：您可以坐公共汽车去，汽车站就在转角处。 B：我去到那儿要多久？ A：我想大约要一个小时。
B：我要赶4点的航班，恐怕来不及。 A：这样的话，我建议您打出租车去。 B：好主意。
A：如果您不介意的话，您可以在这里看着行李，我帮您叫出租车。 B：那真是太感谢你了。 A：不用客气。 五、问路引导
A：Excuse me, Miss. You look puzzled. Can I help you?
B：Oh, yes. I seem to be lost. Could you tell me how I can get to the Diwang Building? A：Sure. You can take the subway to get there.
B：I just can't figure out the subway system at all. As soon as I get underground I lose my sense of direction.
A：Or you can take Bus No. 12 to get there. The bus station is just across the street, see? B：Oh, I get it. Thank you. And could you tell me the way to the nearest bank? I need to draw out some money.
A：The bank may be far away from here. I advise you to use ATM. There are some ATMs on the second floor of this building. You may take the escalator around that corner. B：Thank you very much. A：No problem. Have a nice day.
A：小姐，您好。您看上去很困惑。需要帮忙吗？
B：哦，好啊。我好像是迷路了。你能告诉我怎么去地王大厦吗？ A：当然可以。坐地铁就能直接到达。
B：我看不懂地铁路线，只要下到地下，我就迷失了方向感。 A：或者您可以坐12号公共汽车去，车站就在马路对面，看见了吗？ B：哦，看见了。谢谢。还想问问最近的银行在哪里？我需要取点钱。
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迎大运 学英语 北美国际教育学会全程赞助
A：这里离银行可能挺远的，我建议您使用自动提款机。这栋楼的二楼有几台，您可以在那边拐角搭电梯上去。 B：非常感谢。
A：不用客气，祝您今天玩得开心。 六、医疗服务
A：What's the trouble with you? B：I fell off my bike and hurt my legs. A：Where exactly does it hurt? B：Right here.
A：It's all bruised and swollen. Take it easy. I'm giving you a first aid right now. …
A：How do you feel now?
B：The pain relieves now. Can I go back to my game?
A：Maybe you should wait a few more minutes. But don't worry. You'll be alright soon. A：你怎么了？
B：我从单车上摔下来，弄伤了我的脚。 A：你痛的地方在哪里？ B：就在这里。
A：充血红肿了，放松点，我现在给你作紧急处理。 ……
A：现在觉得怎么样了？
B：疼痛缓解了。我可以回去比赛吗？
A：也许你再等上几分钟，不过不用担心，很快就好的。
七、引路咨询
A：Excuse me, madam. I am a volunteer. What can I do for you?
B：I'm looking for Gate F. My friends and I are supposed to meet there. But I seem to be lost. A：Don't worry. I'll show you the way. This way please. B：That's very nice of you. A：My pleasure. … A：Here we are.
B：Oh, I can see my friends there. Thank you very much. By the way, where is the nearest rest room?
A：Go to the second floor and you will find it on your right.
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迎大运 学英语 北美国际教育学会全程赞助
B：Thanks a lot. A：Enjoy your game.
A：您好，夫人。我是志愿者，有什么需要我帮忙吗？
B：我在找Ｆ大门，我和朋友经好了在那儿等，但我好像迷路了。 A：别着急，我来给您指路，请这边走。 B：非常感谢。 A：不用客气。 …… A：我们到了。
B：哦，我看见我的朋友了，非常感谢你。顺便问问，最近的洗手间在哪里？ A：上二楼后的右手边。 B：谢谢。 A：祝您愉快。 八、遇险疏导
A：Attention, please! There is a fire in this building. Every one must leave this building as soon as possible. Follow the escape signs and get out of here quickly and calmly. This is not a drill. This is a real emergency evacuation. Repeat: This is not a drill. This is a real emergency evacuation. B：Oh Gosh! How could this happen? I've got some very important documents in my office on the third floor. I have to get them!
A：No, sir! You mustn't go upstairs. It's too dangerous. Every one must be evacuated immediately. B：You don't understand. Those documents are extremely essential. I must get them! A：I'm very sorry, sir, but no! I'm sure you don't want to jeopardize your life as well as other, B：But…
A：Trust me. The fire engine's just arrived. The firemen will do whatever they can to put out the fire. Everything’s going to be OK.
A：请注意！本大厦发生火灾，所有人必须尽快离开，请按逃生标志迅速而冷静地离开。这不是演习，而是真的紧急疏散。重复：这不是演习，而是真的紧急疏散。 B：天啊！怎么发生这种事？我三楼的办公室里还有些重要文件，我得去取出来。 A：不，先生！您不能到楼上去。上面非常危险，所有人都必须立即撤离。 B：你不明白。那些文件太重要了，我一定得取出来。
A：非常抱歉，但您真的不能去！我相信您一定不希望危害自己和他人的生命的。 B：但是……
A：想信我，消防车刚刚赶到。消防员会尽力扑救的，不会有太大问题的。 九、赛会入场
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迎大运 学英语 北美国际教育学会全程赞助
A：Ladies and gentlemen, this is the Security Check! Please show us your certificates before entering the building. B：Here is my certificate. A：Thanks. Please wait a second. …
A：Sir, the certificate you're holding is not valid. I'm afraid you can't get in. B：How's that possible? I got in with the same certificate last time!
A：I'm sorry. Please have a look at the date on your certificate. It's already expired. Please renew it. B：Oh…Well, it's been just one day. Can you just let me in? A：I'm so sorry. But that's not allowed. B：Come on! You've seen me several times.
A：Without a valid certificate, no one can get in this building. That's the regulation. I hope you can understand. B：Alright.
A：女士们，先生们，这里是安检，进入大楼前请出示证件。 B：这是我的证件。 A：谢谢，请稍等。 ……
A：先生，您持的证件无效，恐怕您不能进入。 B：这怎么可能呢？我上次就是用同一份证件进去的呀！ A：很抱歉，请您看看您证件的日期，已经过期了。请重新签。 B：哦……只过期一天而已，你就让我进去好吗？ A：对不起，这是不允许的。
B：就放我进去吧，你都见过我几回了。
A：没有有效证件，谁也不能进大楼，这是规定，希望您能理解。 B：好吧。
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迎大运 学英语 北美国际教育学会全程赞助
第二章 运动及大运会相关英语词汇
第一节 运动专业术语
一、运动名称
alpine skiing 高山滑雪 shooting射击 archery射箭 golf 高尔夫球 volleyball排球
beach volleyball Women 女子沙滩排球 beach volleyball Men 男子沙滩排球
二、赛场指令与相关词汇
the racing rule of sailing (RRS) 帆船竞赛规则
the notice of race (NOR) 竞赛规程 the sailing instructions (Sis) 航行细则 the class rules 级别规则 right of way 航行权 windward 上风 change course 改变航线 postpone 推迟 gybe 顺风换舷 capsized 翻船
badminton shuttlecock羽毛球比赛用球 general recall 全部招回 individual recall 个别招回 mark buoy 浮标 signal flag 信号旗 black flag rule 黑旗规则 time limit 时间 redress 补偿 same tack 同舷风 leeward 下风
two hull length 两倍船长 touch the mark 碰标
pumping 摇帆 round a mark 饶标 starting signal 起航信号 course laying methods 布标方法
height, time, and strength of tide 潮汐的高度，时间和强度
methods of compensation 弥补措施 accuracy of mark-lying 布标的准确度 sailing 航行;帆船航海
regatta, sailing competition 帆船比赛 sail number 帆号 harbor 港
boat park 陆上停船区 berth 泊位 marina 帆船游艇港 launching ramp 下水坡道 jury room仲裁室
on the shore signal pole 岸上信号旗杆 harbor master 港口主管 signal boat 起点船 mark boat 标旁船 jury boat 仲裁船 anchor line 锚绳
(international) chess国际象棋 Cycling 自行车比赛 Weight-lifting举重 taekwondo 跆拳道 aerobics dancing 健美操 Badminton Match羽毛球比赛
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迎大运 学英语 北美国际教育学会全程赞助
sound horn音响喇叭 finishing boat 终点船 rescue boat 救生船 equipment boat 器材船 measurement boat丈量船 media boat 媒体船
三、其他相关词汇 championships 锦标赛 open meetings 公开赛 patrol boat 巡逻艇
international tournament国际比赛 national team国家队 sports acrobatics技巧
acrobatic gymnastics 技巧运动 coach教练员 visiting team客队 Change the shuttle换球 Test the shuttle 试球 championship锦标赛
competitive sport 竞技性运动 schedule 赛程 semi-final 准决赛 standings 战绩（表）
winning streak 连胜场数，连胜纪录 spectator 观众
measurement committee丈量委员会 round robin 循环赛 accreditation cards 注册卡
event preparation 赛事准备 before the start 起航前 in good form 竞技状态好 track events 竞赛
competition information center 竞赛信息中心
marine shop航海器材商店
an unexpected winner; dark horse冷门 women's event女子项目 men's event男子项目
world-record holder世界纪录保持者 running-up; second; silver medalist亚军 seeded team种子队
seeded player; seed 种子选手 heavyweight重量级 home team 主队 away game客场比赛 final 总决赛 first round 首轮比赛 cheering-section啦啦队 cheer-leader啦啦队长
GB (games behind) 落后战绩最领先球队的胜场场数 guest team客队 home court主场
home court advantage主场优势
第二节 器材名称
wind direction indicator 风向标 hand bearing compass 手持罗经 anemometer 风带仪 mast 栀杆
centerboard case 稳向板箱
tiller extension 副舵柄 boom 帆杆
upper mast 栀杆上节 lower mast栀杆下节 jib 前帆
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迎大运 学英语 北美国际教育学会全程赞助
main sheet 主绳 transom 船尾板
boom extension 帆杆加长杆 universal joint 万向节 leach 后帆边
automatic bailer 船底放水器 spinnaker 球形帆 jib sheet 前帆缭绳 block 夹绳器 fore deck 前夹板
tell tail 风向线 dry suit 干式保暖服 trolley 拖船车 coach boat 教练艇 motor boat 摩托艇 boat line 系船绳 speed-boat 快艇 powerboat 动力艇 rubber boat 橡皮艇 Catamaran 双体船
第三节 术语
assistant race officer 副裁判长 technical delegate 技术代表 chief measurer 丈量长 umpire (对抗赛)裁判 race committee 竞赛委员会 executive director 执行主任 principal race officer RRO 总裁判长 chairman
secretary general 秘书长 jury chairman 仲裁主任 commodore俱乐部 water staff 水上裁判人员 judge 裁判 race officer 裁判长
第四节 志愿者关键词汇
一、组织机构 Organizations
The International University Sports Federation, FLSU 世界大学生运动联合会 Universidade SHENZHEN 2011 2011年深圳世界大学生运动会 Executive Board 大运会执委会 Executive Office 大运组委会执行局
二、场馆 Venues
Shenzhen Bay Sports Center深圳湾体育中心 Shenzhen Gymnasium深圳体育馆 Shenzhen Stadium深圳体育场
Shenzhen Swimming and Diving Hall深圳游泳跳水馆 Training Venue of Sport Team深圳市体工队训练馆
Longgang Inter national Bicycle Velodrome龙岗国际自行车赛场 Luohu Gymnasium罗湖体育馆
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迎大运 学英语 北美国际教育学会全程赞助
Baoan Gymnasium宝安体育馆 Nanshan Sport Center南山区文体中心 Xili Sport Center西丽体育中心
Shenzhen University Stadium深圳大学体育馆
三、比赛项目 Games Athletics田径 Basketball篮球 Fencing击剑 Football足球 Gymnastics体操 Judo柔道
四、人员 Participants Athletes/competitors运动员 Coach教练 Team leader领队
technical delegate技术代表 Referee裁判员 chief official裁判长 Volunteer志愿者 Spectator观众 Media媒体／记者 Medical医务 Security安保 During the Game赛中 Athletes Area 运动员休息区
五、其它 Others
Command Center/Headquarters 指挥中心／总部
Media Centre 新闻中心 opening ceremony 开幕式
awards presentation/ceremony颁奖仪式 closing ceremony 闭幕式 medal 奖牌 Trophy 奖杯
Doping Control 兴奋剂检测 eligibility 参赛资格
disqualification 取消资格／禁赛 protest appeal 申诉 assistance 援助 penalty 处罚
showing a yellow card 出示黄牌 Sounding a whistle or horn 吹口哨或喇叭 waving a red flag or card 挥动红旗或红牌 suspension 停赛 Expulsion 禁赛 Swimming游泳 Diving跳水 Water Polo水球 Table Tennis乒乓球 Tennis网球 Volleyball排球
第五节 重点比赛介绍
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迎大运 学英语 北美国际教育学会全程赞助
一．
田径 Athletics
Part I. Words.
racetrack barbell
跑道 杠铃 长跑 短跑 跨栏 110米栏 马拉松 越野跑 接力跑 竞走
国际业余田径联合会 欧洲田径协会 世界杯三项全能赛
high jump long jump
跳高 跳远
long-distance race sprint
triple jump / hop step and jump三级跳 pole jump shot put
撑竿跳 推铅球 掷铁饼 掷链锤 掷标 十项全能
hurdles
the 110 metre hurdles marathon
discus throwing
hammer throwing javelin throwing decathlon
cross-country race relays
walking
The International Amateur Athletic Federation (IAAF) European Athletic Association Triathlon World Cup
Part II. Introduction
Track events include sprint, middle distance, hurdle and steeplechase events. The 400m oval rack forms the basis of a multi-sports arena and its dimensions are dependent on the requirements of other sports.
The competition area for track events includes:
•oval track with at least four lanes and safety zones measuring no less than 1m on the inside and outside
•straight with minimum of six lanes for sprints and hurdles •steeplechase track as for oval track with a permanent water jump
Outdoor events
Sprints are events up to and including the 400 meters. Events commonly contested (as defined by events held in the Olympics or World Championships) are: •100 meters •200 meters
•300 meters (uncommon) •400 meters
Middle Distance Events are events longer than sprints and up to 3000 meters. Events commonly contested are:
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迎大运 学英语 北美国际教育学会全程赞助
•600 meters (uncommon) •800 meters
•1000 meters (uncommon, but World Record is kept) •1500 meters
•1600 meters (uncommon—used in US High Schools) •One mile (not an Olympic event)
•2000 meters (uncommon, but a World Record is kept) •3000 meters (not an Olympic event)
•3200 meters (uncommon—used in US High Schools) •3000 meters steeplechase
Long Distance Events are events over 3000 meters. Events commonly contested are: •5000 meters •10000 meters
There are several, uncommon long distance events on the track in which World Records are kept. Those include: 15000 meters, 20000 meters, 25000 meters, 30000 meters, 100000 meters and the One Hour Run.
Hurdles events require the runner to run over evenly spaced barriers during the race. Events commonly contested are: •100 meters hurdles (women) •110 meters hurdles (men)
•300 meters hurdles (Youth, High School and Masters age groups) •400 meters hurdles
Relay races are events in which four athletes participate as a team, passing a metal baton in between. Events commonly contested are: •4 x 100 meters relay
•4 x 200 meters relay (high school & collegiate, a World Record is kept) •4 x 400 meters relay
•4 x 800 meters relay (uncommon, but a World Record is kept) •4x1500 meters relay {uncommon, but a World Record is kept)
Road Races are events conducted on open roads, sometimes finishing on a track. Events commonly contested are: •10 km •20 km
•Half marathon (21.0975 km)
•Marathon (42.195 km). The marathon is the only common road racing distance run in major international athletics championships, such as the Olympics.
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Racewalking may be contested on either the track or on open roads. Elite road walks are conducted on closed loop courses (usually loops of 2,000 or 2,500 meters). Events commonly contested are: •10 km •20 km •50 km
Indoor events
Due to space limitations, indoor races normally shorten the Sprint and Hurdle races, depending on the available space. Because of the limited space, many races finish by leaving the arena, into a drag rope or stopping abruptly at a padded wall. Common distances are: •50 meters •50 meters •60 meters •60 meters hurdles
Part III Rules
Some abridged Rules of Athletic Competition of particular interest to Track events competitors, from the IAAF Competition Rules 2006-2007:
Which athletes are eligible to compete? The following Rules determine athlete eligibility: RULE 20
Definition of Eligible Athlete
1. An athlete is eligible to compete if he agrees to abide by the Rules and has not been declared ineligible. RULE 22
Ineligibility for International and Domestic Competitions 1. The following persons may be declared ineligible for competitions, whether held under these Rules or the domestic rules of a Member. Any person: (a) whose National Federation is currently suspended by the IAAF. (e) who contravenes the Anti-Doping Rules (see Chapter 3 below); (f) who has committed any act or made any statement either verbally or in writing, or has been responsible for any breaches of the Rules or other conduct which is considered to be insulting or improper or likely to bring the sport into disrepute;
Which clothing and running equipment are allowed in competition? The following Rule applies to clothing, shoes and other equipment:
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RULE 143
Clothing, Shoes and Number Bibs Clothing
1. In all events athletes must wear clothing which is clean, and designed and worn so as not to be objectionable. The clothing must be made of a material which is non-transparent even if wet. The Victory Ceremony and any lap of honour are considered part of the competition for this purpose. Shoes 2. The purpose of shoes for competition is to give protection and stability to the feet and a firm grip on the ground. Such shoes, however, must not be constructed so as to give an athlete any unfair additional assistance.
Under which circumstances could an athlete be disqualified? The following Rule defines disqualification: RULE 145 Disqualification
1. If an athlete is disqualified in an event for an infringement of the Technical Rules, reference shall be made in the official results to the Rule which has been infringed. Disqualification from an event for an infringement of the Technical Rules shall not prevent an athlete from taking part in any further event in that competition. 2. If an athlete is disqualified from an event for acting in an unsporting or improper manner, reference shall be made in the official results giving reasons for such disqualification.
How should races be run?
The following Rules apply to starting, running and finishing races: RULE 161 Starting Blocks
1. Starting blocks shall be used for all races up to and including 400m (including the first leg of the 4x200m and 4x400m) and shall not be used for any other race. When in position on the track, no part of the starting block shall overlap the start line or extend into another lane. RULE 162 The Start
1. The start of a race shall be denoted by a white line 5cm wide. In all races not run in lanes the start line shall be curved, so that all the athletes start the same distance from the finish. Stations in events at all distances shall be numbered from left to right, facing the direction of running. 2. All races shall be started by the report of the Starter's gun or approved starting apparatus fired upwards after he has ascertained that athletes are steady and in the correct starting position. 3. At all International Competitions, except as noted below, the commands of the Starter in his own
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language, in English or in French shall, in races up to and including 400m (including 4x200m and 4x400m), be \"On your marks\" and \"Set\". When all athletes are \"Set\approved starting apparatus activated. An athlete shall not touch either the start line or the ground in front of it with his hands or his feet when on his marks. False start 6. An athlete, after assuming a full and final set position, shall not commence his starting motion until after receiving the report of the gun, or approved starting apparatus. If, in the judgement of the Starter or Recallers, he does so any earlier, it shall be deemed a false start. It shall also be deemed a false start if, in the judgement of the Starter: (a) an athlete fails to comply with the commands \"on your marks\" or \"set\" as appropriate after a reasonable time. (b) an athlete after the command \"on your marks\" disturbs other athletes in the race through sound or otherwise. 7. Any athlete making a false start shall be warned. RULE 163 The Race
1. The direction of running shall be left-hand inside. The lanes shall be numbered with the left-hand inside lane numbered 1. Obstruction
2. Any competing athlete who jostles or obstructs another athlete, so as to impede his progress, shall be liable to disqualification from that event. Running in Lanes 3. In all races run in lanes, each athlete shall keep within his allocated lane from start to finish. This shall also apply to any portion of a race run in lanes 4. If an athlete is pushed or forced by another person to run outside his lane, and if no material advantage is gained, the athlete shall not be disqualified. 6. An athlete, after voluntarily leaving the track, shall not be allowed to continue in the race. Check-Marks 7. Except when all or the first portion of a relay race is being run in lanes, athletes may not make check-marks or place objects on or alongside the running track for their assistance. RULE 1 The Finish
1. The finish of a race shall be denoted by a white line 5cm wide.
3. The athletes shall be placed in the order in which any part of their bodies (i.e. torso, as distinguished from the head, neck, arms, legs, hands or feet) reaches the vertical plane of the nearer edge of the finish line as defined above.
How is a tie resolved?
The following Rule applies to ties: RULE 167 Ties
Ties shall be resolved as follows:
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In determining whether there has been a tie in any round for a qualifying position for the next round based on time, the Chief Photo Finish Judge shall consider the actual time recorded by the athletes to 1/1000th of a second. If it is thus determined that there has been a tie, the tying athletes shall be placed in the next round or, if that is not practicable, lots shall be drawn to determine who shall be placed in the next round. In the case of a tie for first place in any final, the Referee is empowered to decide whether it is practicable to arrange for the athletes so tying to compete again. If he decides it is not, the result will stand. Ties in other placings shall remain.
How should Relay races be run? The following Rule applies to Relay races: RULE 170 Relay Races
2. Each take-over zone shall be 20m long of which the scratch line is the centre. The zones shall start and finish at the edges of the zone lines nearest the start line in the running direction. 4. The take-over zones for the second and last take-overs (4x400m) will be the 10m lines either side of the start/finish line. 12. The baton shall be a smooth hollow tube, circular in section, made of wood, metal or any other rigid material in one piece, the length of which shall be 28 to 30cm. The circumference shall be 12 to 13cm and it shall not weigh less than 50gm. It should be colored so as to be easily visible during the race. 13. The baton shall be carried by hand throughout the race. Athletes are not permitted to wear gloves or to place substances on their hands in order to obtain a better grip of the baton. If dropped, it shall be recovered by the athlete who dropped it. He may leave his lane to retrieve the baton provided that, by doing so, he does not lessen the distance to be covered. Provided this procedure is adopted and no other athlete is impeded, dropping the baton shall not result in disqualification. 14. In all relay races, the baton shall be passed within the take-over zone. The passing of the baton commences when it is first touched by the receiving runner and is completed the moment it is in the hand of only the receiving runner. Passing of the baton outside the take-over zone shall result in disqualification. 15. Athletes, before receiving and/or after handing over the baton, should keep in their lanes or zones, in this last case until the course is clear to avoid obstruction to other athletes. If an athlete willfully impedes a member of another team by running out of position or lane at the finish of his stage, his team shall be disqualified. 16. Assistance by pushing or by any other method shall result in disqualification.
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二． 游泳
Part I. Words.
1. About the fields & equipment swimming-pool 游泳池 diving-pool
跳水池 springboard 跳板 platform
跳台 non-swimmer’s pool 浅水池 swimmer’s pool
深水池
starting block/platform 出发台 swimming lane 泳道 artificial waves 人工浪 deck edge 池缘 pool wall
池壁
2. About the Personnel swimmer 泳者 life-saver 救生员 diver
跳水运动员
3. About the Tactics and Moves breaststroke 蛙泳 crawl stroke 爬泳 back stroke 仰泳 side stroke
侧泳 butterfly stroke 蝶泳 treading water 踩水 dog paddle
狗爬式 freestyle/front crawl 自由泳
underwater swimming 潜泳 alternated breathing 换气 approach
助跑 forward dive 向前跳水 reverse dive 反身跳水 twisting dive
转体跳水
inward dive / cutaway 向内跳水
lane rope surfboard
swimming trunks swimming suit swimming cap bikini
bikini top
bikini bottom swimming belt cork hoop (life) buoy
life guard alternatives
armstand dive take-off
standing take-off pike tuck
dome of water entry
clean entry rip entry
scooped entry splash
feet first head first belly flop
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分道线 冲浪板 泳裤 泳衣 泳帽 比基尼 比基尼乳罩 比基尼泳裤 救生带 救生圈 救生圈/衣
救生员 替补队员
臂立跳水 起跳 立定起跳 屈体 抱膝 水花 入水 入水水花很小压水花技术 铲勺式入水 飞溅 脚先入水 头先入水 腹部先入水
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Part II. Introduction
The aquatic sport of swimming is based on the human act of swimming, that is, locomotion in water by self propulsion, usually with the goal to complete a given distance in the smallest time. There are also swimming competitions based on endurance or precedence rather than speed, such as crossing the English Channel or some other stretch of open water. As a sport, swimming is usually distinguished from other acquatic sports (such as diving, synchronized swimming and water polo) that involve the act of swimming but where the goal is neither speed nor endurance. There are many modalities of swimming competitions, including
•Butterfly or fly: the course must be completed entirely in the butterfly style, in which the swimmer brings both hands over their head close to the water, breathing forward, \"Dolphin kicking\" (undulating) with both feet together in sequence, two kicks per arm stroke. All end walls must be touched with two hands, and the swimmer will be disqualified if his/her arms do not clear the water at the same time. Typical distances include 25(8&U), 50, 100, 200.
•Backstroke back: competitors must swim in the backstroke style, which is similar to the front crawl, except on your back. Kicking by alternating both feet, pulling each arm one at a time, and looking straight up. At the end walls, flip turns are permitted (the swimmer is to turn on to his/her front before performing the turn), and a two-hand touch is not necessary. Typical distances include 25(8&U), 50, 100, 200.
•Breaststroke or breast: competitors must swim in the breaststroke style, where the swimmer kicks legs out (much like a frog, but more whip like, it is importatant to keep the kick narrorw), scoops the water in towards the chest with his or her hands and then thrusts the hands out in front just before the kick is repeated. One underwater \"pull-out\" is permitted for the start and after every end wall, with, in order: streamline glide, one fully extended pull, one dolphin kick (must be timed precisely with pull), one breaststroke kick, and all while not breathing. The two hands must touch the wall simultaneously at every turn. After the 2004 Olympics in Athens, Greece, thanks to Kosuke Kitajima, there was an adjustment made to the underwater \"pull-out\". The new rule states that you can also do a single downward dolphin kick (upward is not permitted). Kosuke Kitajima was the first breaststroke swimmer to perform such \"pull-out\". Typical distances include 25(8&U), 50, 100, 200.
•Freestyle of free: competitors are free to use any stroke they wish. Most select the front crawl, as it is both the fastest and most efficient. The front crawl is a stroke where the swimmer breathes to the side, kicks by alternating both legs, and pulls with each arm at different times. Flip/tumble turns are legal. Variants include free relays, in which four team members each swim an equal distance of freestyle; when one member touches the end wall, the next can dive off the block. Typical distances are 25(8&U), 50, 100, 200, 400, 500, 800, 1000, 1500, and 1650.
•Individual medley or IM: each swimmer must complete one quarter of the full distance in each of
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the three competition styles (butterfly, backstroke, breaststroke) and one part in free style. Open turns are required in the switch from one style to another, but flip turns or bucket turns can be made during backstroke and freestyle. Each part must be completed in its style before moving on to the next style. Variations include medley relays, in which four team members each swim one part (in the order backstroke, breaststroke, butterfly, and free). The full distance is typically 100, 200, or 400 units.
Part III Rules Rules
In all swimming events, the individual or team with the fastest time wins. Freestyle
Events: 50m, 100m, 200m, 400m, 800m, 1,500m.
The 800m event is only for women, while the 1,500m is only for men.
Freestyle is the quickest and most popular swimming style. Technically, freestyle competitors may use whatever style they think best (except the medley style, in which athletes must use all four styles). A common cause for disqualification is when the competitor, while swimming, touches the neighboring lane or obstructs another competitor.
Backstroke Events: 100m, 200m
Backstroke resembles freestyle swimming as far as the alternating movements of arms and legs. When starting, competitors take their place in the swimming pool facing the pool’s wall and holding the starting points’ handholds with both hands. A common cause for disqualification is crossing the 15 m line during the glide at the start or at the turn.
Breaststroke Events: 100m, 200m
This is a fairly complex swimming style, calling for perfect coordination of arm and leg movements. In direct contrast to freestyle and backstroke, hand and legs must move simultaneously. If the swimmer gets out of synch, he or she will be considered by the judges as swimming freestyle and be disqualified. Another common cause of disqualification is if a competitor touches the wall with just one hand during the turn. Butterfly
Events: 100m, 200m
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Butterfly is the most spectacular swimming style. The athlete’s body moves in such a way that resembles the movements of a dolphin. Their legs move simultaneously, while the whole body is used to propel the athlete forward. A common cause for disqualification is if the competitor touches the wall with one hand during the turn, or moves their legs contrary to the regulations.
Individual medley Events: 200m, 400m
In medley individual events, the swimmer competes in every swimming style, at equal distances. This event combines technique, speed, and endurance. The sequence followed is: butterfly, backstroke, breaststroke, and freestyle. Relays
Events: 4x100m freestyle, 4x100m medley, 4x200m freestyle.
Four swimmers from the same team compete in relays, using all four swimming styles, the sequence being: backstroke, breaststroke, butterfly, and freestyle. Relay changeovers are valid when the feet of the outgoing swimmer detach from the board at least 3/100 seconds after the fingers of the incoming swimmer touch the wall. If the outgoing swimmer moves too early, their team is disqualified. 三．
足球
Part I. Words.
1. About fields stadium field / pitch penalty box box / area back field goal
体育场 足球场 禁区 禁区 后场 球门 球门线 球门网 立柱
bar / crossbar
横梁
by-line / sideline / touchline
边线 中线 中圈 中场 球门区 角球区
halfway line center circle center field goal area corner area
goal line goal net post
2. About the Rules foul
犯规 红牌
yellow card off-side
黄牌 越位
red card
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hand ball deny a goal violation
手球 判进球无效 违例 阻挡
send off suspend
罚下场 停赛 合理冲撞
fair charge
body check
3. About the Game Systems kick off
开球 上/下半场 中场休息 中场休息 热身赛
eighth-final
八分之一决赛 四分之一决赛 半决赛 加时赛 伤停补时 一边倒的比赛
first/second half intermission
quarter-final semi-final extra time injury time
half-time interval warming up match
invitational tournament 邀请赛 preliminary match relegation promotion
预赛
one-sided game draw
平局
进球荒 金球制 突然死亡法 点球决胜
降级
升级 主场比赛 客场比赛 前八强
goal drought golden goal
home match away match final eight
sudden death shootout
4. About the participators head coach
主教练 助理教练 裁判 替补 巡边员 队长 前锋 边锋 前卫
攻击型前卫（前腰）
defending midfielder 防守型前卫（后腰） center forward full back
中锋 后卫 中后卫 左后卫 右后卫
清道夫，拖后中卫 边后卫 守门员 拉拉队
assistant coach referee
substitution / reserve lineman / linesman captain
center back left back right back sweeper wing-back
forward / striker winger midfielder
goalkeeper / goalie cheer team
attacking midfielder
5. About the moves shoot header
射门 头球 带球 传球
steal
抢断 铲球 假动作 抽射
slide tackle fake volley
dribble pass
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half-volley mark clear cross
凌空抽射 盯人 解围 传中 倒钩 半高球 任意球 点球 得分 界外球 角球 球门球 乌龙球
hat-trick stopping chesting take a pass lob
帽子戏法 停球 胸部停球 接球 吊高空球
overhead kick chest-high ball free kick penalty score
rolling pass / ground pass
地滚球 远射 正面抢截 鱼跃冲顶 假动作 突破 踢出界
long shot
block tackle diving header
throw in corner kick goal kick own goal
deceptive movement break through kick-out
6. About the Tactics formation
阵型 全攻全守 拉开战术 造越位 反越位
defensive wall man-to-man counter-attack zone press
防守人墙 人盯人 防守反击 区域防守
total football open football off-side trap
beat the off-side trap
7. About Different Games Federation International of Football Association World Cup
国际足联 亚洲杯 意甲
German Division One / Bundesliga
德甲
欧洲冠军联赛
UEFA Champions League FA cup UEFA Cup
Italy Serie A 足总杯 联盟杯
England Premier League 英超 Spain La Liga /
Spanish Division One 西甲
UEFA Europa League 欧洲联赛（即联盟杯）
Part II. Introduction
As we all known football or soccer is a team sport played between two teams of eleven players using a spherical ball.
The game is played on a rectangular grass or artificial turf field, with a goal in the centre of each of the short ends. The object of the game is to score by driving the ball into the opposing goal. In general play, the goalkeepers are the only players allowed to use their hands or arms to propel the
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ball; the rest of the team usually use their feet to kick the ball into position, occasionally using their torso or head to intercept a ball in midair. The team that scores the most goals by the end of the match wins. If the score is tied at the end of the game, either a draw is declared or the game goes into extra time and/or a penalty shootout, depending on the format of the competition. Field
The length of the pitch for international adult matches is in the range 100–110 m (110–120 yd) and the width is in the range –75 m (70–80 yd). Fields for non-international matches may be 91–120 m (100–130 yd) length and 45–91 m (50–101 yd) in width, provided that the pitch does not become square. In 2008, the IFAB set a fixed size of 105 m long and 68 m wide as a standard pitch dimension for A international matches
Part III Rules
Football rules are also simple. Their rules fall into the subsequent categorizes: The Field:
Most football field varies in size. The NFL field measures 120 yards by 53 yards and 1 foot. At both ends there are goal lines. These mark off the end zones. These measure 10 yds. To score the opposing team must get the ball into the end zone. Lines cover the field corresponding to the end zone. These go at 5-yard intervals. In additionally, every 1.9 yards, there are hash marks. After a play, the officials put the ball to the nearest hash mark. The play begins there. In each end zone there is a goal post. If a player kicks a ball through the goal post, it constitutes extra points.
Players and teams:
In football, teams consist of 11 players. Each team tries to get the ball into the opposing teams’ end zone. There are 3 types of teams: Offensive, Defensive, and Special teams. Offence:
Offensive players are separated into the following groups: 7 linemen who play on the line of scrimmage, or the line where the ball is located; and backs who are placed in different positions behind the linemen. The Linemen are designated in the following ways:
The center starts the game by hiking the ball, passing it through his legs, to a player directly behind him. After that the other players form a barrier for the ball carrier, or the quarterback. Different player protect the quarterback and tackle the defense. The quarterback can hand off the ball, pass or run straight downfield with it. One formation is the T formation in which the quarterback hands off the ball to the fullback or other backs, and rushes. Wide receivers catch most of the plays and replace backs and ends on the line of scrimmage.
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Defense:
The defense team is made up of the defensive lines, linebackers, and defensive backs. The defense team uses any number of players that they can. On average have 3 or 4 linemen who primarily stop the quarterback. The 3 or 4 linebackers can stop runners cover the other teams receivers, etc. The defensive back or secondary, consist of 2 cornerbacks who cover receivers and 2 safeties who guard that are behind linebackers.
Special teams:
Special teams usually consist of players who only play in certain part of the game. For example, the kicker only plays at the beginning or half of the game and tries to kick the ball through the goal posts. The punter kicks the ball downfield only when the offensive team has to surrender it.
Officials:
A team of seven officials usually looks over a football game. They include: a referee, an umpire, a linesman, a field judge, a line judge, a side judge, and a back judge. They enforce the rules. The referee is mainly the head of the outfit decided the calls etc. The umpire questions uniforms equipment etc. The linesmen mostly mark the balls at the end of each play. The field judge mainly times the game.
Equipment:
The football itself is an extended oval spheroid that weighs between 14 and 15 oz. The white rings on football help the players grasp it. Beneath the player's uniform and pants he wears a series of pads for protection. These protect the players on the field from bodily injuries. The players usually wear cleats that provide traction. The player's helmet protects the player's head from injury. It has a strap on it that helps a player keep it on. It also has a facemask and holes in the side that allow a player to hear.
Playing football:
A football game usually consists of 4 separate quarters. Two make up the separate halves. The halftime period is usually 15 minutes. The teams change sides after half time. At the start of a game the two teams decided who would kick first. In the NFL, the kick takes place at the kicking teams 30-yard line. Before the player kicks it the other teams spreads out in an effort to intercept the ball. If a player on the receiving team intercepts the ball he may run down the field with it. If he is tackled and stopped this is known as a down. This is official when one the tackled players knees touches the ground. The ball is the placed on the line where the player was downed. When scrimmage takes place, the ball put back into play. Before scrimmage the teams huddles and
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discusses which plays to use etc. after huddles they line up with each other opposite on the line of scrimmage. If the quarterback decides a new play coded signals are announced. The play begins when the center hikes the ball.
Different passes are used in the game as well. The forward pass is happens when the quarterback throws the ball directly downfield. The back ends and other players try to catch it and score. A lateral play can be made anywhere to anyone on the field. The defense team has to stop the other team from advance or stop the offence from getting to the line of scrimmage. The offense team has to advance the ball 10 yards in 4 tries called downs. Teams usually punt on the forth down. The defense can gain possession of the ball by recovering fumbles of intercepting it in throws. The games objective is to score more points than the opposing team. When you make touchdown in football, a player carries the ball into the end zone. This is worth 6 points. Extra-point conversion only happens after a touchdown and allows the team to get a few more points. Kicking field goals are worth 3 points if they make it throw the goal post. This usually takes place on the last down and when a ball is 35 yards near the goal line. The defense team can earn 2 safety points when the ball is behind the opponent's goal line. When the offensive team is permitted to down the ball intentionally behind it's own line, it is called a touchback and is awarded no extra points. Tiebreaker games can be decided by sudden death rounds, (when the first team to score is the winner) or in overtime periods. 四．
网球
Part I. Words.
serve return
发球 回球 裁判 球网 落网球 擦网球 失误球
deuce
局末平分 优势分 正手 反手 单打 双打
advantage forehand backhand singles doubles
umpire net
net ball let ball fault
Part II Introduction
Tennis is a sport usually played between two players (singles) or between two teams of two players each (doubles). Each player uses a strung racquet to strike a hollow rubber ball covered with felt over a net into the opponent's court. Court
Tennis is played on a rectangular, flat surface, usually grass, clay, a hardcourt of concrete and/or asphalt and occasionally carpet (indoor). The court is 78 feet (23.77 m) long, and its width is 27 feet (8.23 m) for singles matches and 36 ft (10.97 m) for doubles matches. Additional clear space
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around the court is required in order for players to reach overrun balls. A net is stretched across the full width of the court, parallel with the baselines, dividing it into two equal ends. The net is 3 feet 6 inches (1.07 m) high at the posts and 3 feet (91.4 cm) high in the center. Part III Rules
The rules of tennis are quite simple. The game itself is complex. \"
Rule 1. Opponents stand on opposite sides of the court. The player who delivers the ball to start the point is called the server. The player who stands opposite and cross-court from the server is the receiver.
Rule 2. The right to serve, receive, choose your side, or give the opponent these choices is decided by a toss of a coin or racquet. If the choice of service or receiver is chosen, the opponent chooses which side to start.
Rule 3. The server shall stand behind the baseline on the deuce court within the boundaries of the singles court when playing singles and within the doubles sideline when playing doubles. See court dimensions. All even points are played from the deuce court and odd number points played from the advantage court. The server shall not serve until the receiver is ready. Serves are made from the deuce court to the opponents’ service box on the deuce court. Advantage court to advantage box. If the server misses his target twice, he loses the point. If the ball hits the net and goes in the correct service box, another serve is granted. If the server steps on the baseline before contact is made, the serve is deemed a fault.
Rule 4. The receiver is deemed ready if an attempt is made to return the server's ball. The receiver can stand where he likes but must let the ball bounce in the service box. If the ball does not land in the service box, it is deemed a fault and a second serve is given. If the ball is hit by either opponent before the ball bounces, the server wins the point.
Rule 5. The server always calls his score first. If the server wins the first point, he gets a score of 15. Scoring is done like a clock. See example below. Love means zero in tennis. The second point is called 30. The third point is called 45 (now-a-days known as 40) and game is won when the score goes back to love. If the score is 40-40, also known as deuce, one side must win by two points. Advantage-In means if the server wins the next point, he wins the game. Advantage-Out means the receiver has a chance to win the game on the next point.
Rule 6. After the game, the opponents serve. Games equal 1. The first to win 6 games, by two, wins the set. The first to win 2 sets wins the match. If the score is 6-6, a tie-breaker is played. This is scored by one's. The first team to score 7 points winning by two wins the set. The tiebreaker continues until one side wins by two. Hence, Game-Set-Match.
Rule 7. If the ball goes into the net, or outside the boundaries of the court, the player who hit that ball loses the point. If the ball hits the net during the point and goes into the opponents court, the ball is in play. A player loses the point if he touches the net, drops his racquet while hitting the ball,
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bounces the ball over the net, hits a part of the surroundings such as the roof, or a tree, the ball touches him or his partner, he deliberately tries to distract the opponent.
Rule 8. A let is called during the point if a ball rolls on the court or there is a distraction from someone besides the players on the court. Rule 9. A ball that lands on the line is good.
Rule 10. If players serve out of turn or serve to the wrong person or court, the point or game will stand and order will be resumed following the point or game. 五．
羽毛球
Part I. Words.
birdie / shuttle cock crown of feathers long serve short serve drop
Part II. Introductions
Badminton is a racquet sport played by either two opposing players (singles) or two opposing pairs (doubles), who take positions on opposite halves of a rectangular court that is divided by a net. Players score points by striking a shuttlecock with their racquet so that it passes over the net and lands in their opponents' half of the court. A rally ends once the shuttlecock has struck the ground, and each side may only strike the shuttlecock once before it passes over the net. Court
The court is a rectangle and can be used for both singles and doubles. The court size for singles is 13.4m x 5.18m (playing area = 69.41m2 including boundary lines) and 13.4m x 6.1m (playing area = 81.74m2 including boundary lines). The lines are 40mm wide and coloured white or yellow. It is desirable to have a wooden sprung floor together with approved non-slip court mats. There is at least 2m clear space surrounding all the outer lines of the courts. There is also a minimum requirement of 2m between any two courts marked out side by side. Posts and nets
Posts are 1.55m in height from the surface of the court. The net is 760mm in depth and a minimum of 6.1m wide. The top of the net from the surface of the court is 1.524m at the centre of the court and 1.55m over the sidelines for doubles. There is no gap between the end of the net and the post. If necessary, the full depth of the net at the ends is tied to the post. Space over court
The minimum height from the floor over the full court for international competition is 12m. Club
羽毛球 球的羽毛圈 长发球 短发球 吊球
drive carry clear
扣杀 持球 高远球 “夹发针”球（网
hair-pin shot
前贴地轻挑短球）
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standard play is 9.14m. The required height is entirely free of all obstructions and light fittings over the area of the court. Background and lighting
To avoid difficulty in sighting the shuttle, the background behind the ends of the court is not to be colored white.
The minimum recommended lighting level is 1000 lux to provide even light over the court area. Lighting is not to be directly over or behind the playing area but positioned along the sides of the court. All sources of daylight or sunlight behind or along the sides of the courts are to be eliminated.
Part III Rules
Knowing the Rules of Badminton is important if you really want to advance in Badminton and enjoy this game. In the event that a dispute occurs during a match, you'll be able to settle it. For instance, your opponent may gain an unfair advantage on you by breaking the Service Rules. If you are not familiar with the Rules of Badminton, how will you catch him?
So make a point that you understand the Basic Badminton Rules before stepping into the Badminton Court next time... Toss
The rules of badminton states that a toss shall be conducted before a game starts. If you win, you can choose between serving first or to start play at either end of the court. Your opponent can then exercise the remaining choice.
Scoring system
The rules of badminton states that a badminton match shall consist of the best of 3 games. In doubles and men's singles, the first side to score 15 points wins the game. In women's singles, the first side to score 11 points wins the game.
If the score becomes 14-all (10-all in women's singles), the side which first scored 14 (10) shall exercise the choice to continue the game to 15 (11) points or to 'set' the game to 17 (13) points. The side winning a game serves first in the next game. Only the serving side can add a point to its score.
Recently BWF have been testing a new scoring format of 21 points per game on all major Badminton competition and decided to replace the old format permanently.
Change of ends
The rules of badminton states that you have to change ends with your opponent after finishing the first game. If a third game was to be played, you shall change ends when the leading score reaches
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6 in a game of 11 points or 8 in a game of 15 points.
Rules of Badminton - Singles Serving and receiving courts
You shall serve from, and receive in, the right service court when you or your opponent has scored an even number of points in that game.
You shall serve from, and receive in, the left service court when you or your opponent has scored an odd number of points in that game.
You and your opponent will hit the shuttle alternately until a 'fault' is made or the shuttle ceases to be in play.
Scoring and serving
You score a point and serve again from the alternate service court when your opponent makes a 'fault' or the shuttle ceases to be in play because it touches the surface of your opponent's side of court.
No points will be scored when you make a 'fault' or the shuttles ceases to be in play because it touches the surface of your side of court. The serving right will then be transferred to your opponent.
Rules of Badminton - Doubles
At the start of the game, and each time a side gains the right to serve, the service shall be delivered from the right service court. Only your opponent standing diagonally opposite of you shall return the service.
Should your opponent's partner touched or hit the shuttle, it shall be a 'fault' and your side scores a point.
Order of play and position on court
After the service is returned, either you or your partner may hit the shuttle from any position on your side of the net. Then either player from the opposing side may do the same, and so on, until the shuttle ceases to be in play.
Scoring and serving
If you are serving or receiving first at the start of any game, you shall serve or receive in the right service court when your side or your opponent's side scored an even number of points.
You shall serve from or receive in the left service court when your side or your opponent's side has
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scored an odd number of points.
The reverse pattern shall apply to your partner.
In any game, the right to serve passes consecutively from the initial server to the initial receiver, then to that initial's receiver's partner, then to the opponent who is due to serve from the right service court, then to that player's partner, and so on.
You shall not serve out of turn, receive out of turn, or receive two consecutive services in the same game, except as provided in service court errors and 'lets'.
Service court errors
A service court error has been made when a player has served out of turn, has served from the wrong service or standing on the wrong service court while being prepared to receive the service and it has been delivered.
If a service court error is discovered after the next service had been delivered, the error shall not be corrected. If a service court error is discovered before the next service is delivered, the following rules apply.
If both sides committed an error, it shall be a 'let'. If one side committed the error and won the rally, it shall be a 'let'. If one side committed the error and lost the rally, the error shall not be corrected.
If there is a 'let' because of a service court error, the rally is replayed with the error corrected. If a service court error is not to be corrected, play in that game shall proceed without changing the player's new service courts. Faults
The rules of badminton consider the following as faults:
- If the shuttle lands outside the boundaries of the court, passes through or under the net, fail to pass the net, touches the ceiling or side walls, touches the person or dress of a player or touches any other object or person.
- If the initial point of contact with the shuttle is not on the striker's side of the net. (The striker may, however, follow the shuttle over the net with the racket in the course of a stroke.)
- If a player touches the net or its supports with racket, person or dress, invades an opponent's court over the net with racket or person except as permitted.
- If a player invades an opponent's court under the net with racket or person such that an opponent is obstructed or distracted or obstructs an opponent, that is prevents an opponent from making a legal stroke where the shuttle is followed over the net.
- If a player deliberately distracts an opponent by any action such as shouting or making gestures. - If the shuttle is caught and held on the racket and then slung during the execution of a stroke.
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- If the shuttle is hit twice in succession by the same player with two strokes.
- If the shuttle is hit by a player and the player's partner successively or touches a player's racket and continues towards the back of that player's court.
- If a player is guilty of flagrant, repeated or persistent offences under Law of Continuous Play, Misconduct, Penalties.
- If, on service, the shuttle is caught on the net and remains suspended on top, or, on service, after passing over the net is caught in the net. Lets
'Let' is called by the umpire, or by a player (if there is no umpire), to halt play.
A 'let' may be given for any unforeseen or accidental occurrence. The rules of badminton consider the following as 'lets':
- If a shuttle is caught in the net and remains suspended on top or, after passing over the net, is caught in the net, it shall be a 'let' except on service.
- If, during service, the receiver and server are both faulted at the same time, it shall be a 'let'. - If the server serves before the receiver is ready, it shall be a 'let'.
- If, during play, the shuttle disintegrates and the base completely separates from the rest of the shuttle, is shall be a 'let'.
- If a line judge is unsighted and the umpire is unable to make a decision, it shall be a 'let'. - A 'let' may occur following a service court error. When a 'let' occurs, the play since the last service shall not count and the player who served shall serve again, except where in situations where the Law of Service Court Errors is applicable.
Shuttle not in play
A shuttle is not in play when it strikes the net and remains attached there or suspended on top. A shuttle is not in play when it strikes the net or post and starts to fall towards the surface of the court on the striker's side of the net.
A shuttle is not in play when it hits the surface of the court or a 'fault' or 'let' has occurred.
Continuous play, misconduct, penalties
Play shall be continuous from the first service until the match is concluded, except as allowed in intervals not exceeding 90 seconds between the first and second games, and not exceeding 5 minutes between the second and third games.
Officials and appeals
The referee is in overall charge of the tournament. The umpire, where appointed, is in charge of
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the match, the court and its immediate surrounds. The umpire shall report to the referee. The service judge shall call service faults made by the server should they occur. A line judge shall indicate whether a shuttle landed 'in' or 'out' on the line or lines assigned. An official's decision is final on all points of fact for which that official is responsible.
An umpire shall:
- Upload and enforce the Rules of Badminton and, especially, call a 'fault' or 'let' should either occur.
- Give a decision on any appeal regarding a point of dispute, if made before the next service is delivered.
- Ensure players and spectators are kept informed of the progress of the match. - Appoint or remove line judges or a service judge in consultation with the referee.
- Where another court official is not appointed, arrange for that official's duties to be carried out. - Where an appointed official is unsighted, carry out the official's duties or play a 'let'.
- Record and report to the referee all matters in relation to continuous play, misconduct and penalties.
- Take to the referee all unsatisfied appeals on questions of law only. (Such appeals must be made before the next service is delivered, or, if at the end of the game, before the side that appeals has left the court.)
I am sure now that you have a better understanding of the Rules of Badminton, you will enjoy your game more! 六．
排球
Part I. Words.
1. About the fields volleyball court side line end line central line
2. About the personnel forward
前排队员 后排队员 主攻手 佯攻队员 二传手
captain umpire set umpire linesman scorer
队长 裁判 副裁判 司线员 记分员
排球场 边线 底线 中线
attacking line net
三米线 球网 网柱 网眼
net post mesh
back field player ace spiker
fake smasher setter
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3. About the Tactics and Moves serve
发球 发球权 上手发球 下手发球 跳发球 跳发球 托球 一传 二传 扣球 扣直线
slide smash quick kill drop save block
扣斜线 快攻球 吊球 救球 拦网 探头球 后排进攻 背飞 打手出界 副攻手
serving
overhand service underhand service smash service jump service set up
direct kill
back-row attack back-flight
first pass
second pass spike off the block blocker
slam/spike/smash straight smash
3. About the Rules fault
失误 发球失误 球压线
net fault four hits
触网 四次击球
serve fault on line
Part II Introductions
Volleyball is an Olympic team sport in which two teams of 6 players are separated by a net. Each team tries to score points by grounding a ball on the other team's court under organized rules. Court
The game is played on a volleyball court 18 meters (59 feet) long and 9 meters (29.5 feet) wide, divided into two 9 m × 9 m halves by a one-meter (40-inch) wide net placed so that the top of the net is 2.43 meters (7 feet 11 5/8 inches) above the center of the court for men's competition, and 2.24 meters (7 feet 4 1/8 inches) for women's competition (these heights are varied for veterans and junior competitions).
Part III Rules THE SERVE
(A) Server must serve from behind the restraining line ( end line ) until after contact. (B) Ball may be served underhand or overhand.
(C) Ball must be clearly visible to opponents before serve.
(D) Served ball may graze the net and drop to the other side for point.
(E) First game serve is determined by a volley, each subsequent game shall be served by the previous game loser.
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(F) Serve must be returned by a bump only. no setting or attacking a serve.
SCORING
Rally scoring will be used.
There will be a point scored on every score of the ball. Offense will score on a defense miss or out of bounds hit.
Defense will score on an offensive miss, out of bounds hit, or serve into the net. Game will be played to 25 pts. Must win by 2 points.
ROTATION
(A) Team will rotate each time they win the serve. (B) Players shall rotate in a clockwise manner. (C) There shall be 4-6 players on each side.
PLAYING THE GAME (VOLLEY) (A) Maximum of three hits per side.
(B) Player may not hit the ball twice in succession ( A block is not considered a hit ). (C) Ball may be played off the net during a volley and on serve. (D) A ball touching a boundary line is good.
(E) A legal hit is contact with the ball by a player body above and including the waist which does not allow the ball to visibly come to a rest.
(F) If two or more players contact the ball simultaneously, it is considered one play and the players involved may not participate in the next play. (G) A player must not block or attack a serve.
(H) Switching positions will be allowed only between front line players. ( After the serve only ).
BASIC VIOLATIONS
(A) Stepping on or over the line on a serve.
(B) Failure to serve the ball over the net successfully.
(C) Hitting the ball illegally (Carrying, Palming, Throwing, etc.).
(D) Touches of the net with any part of the body while the ball is in play. If the ball is driven into the net with such force that it causes the net to contact an opposing player, no foul will be called, and the ball shall continue to be in play.
(E) Reaching over the net, except under these conditions: 1 - When executing a follow-through.
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2 - When blocking a ball which is in the opponents’ court but is being returned (the blocker must not contact the ball until after the opponent who is attempting to return the ball makes contact). Except to block the third play.
(F) Reaches under the net (if it interferes with the ball or opposing player). (G) Failure to serve in the correct order.
(H) Blocks or spikes from a position which is clearly not behind the 10-foot line while in a back row position.
THE COURT PLAYING AREA
Both indoor and outdoor courts are 18 m x 9mi (29'6\" x 59').
Indoor courts also include an attack area designated by a line 3 m (9'10\") back from the center line.
Lines on the court are 5cm (2\" wide).
NET HEIGHT
Net height for men, co-ed mixed 6, & outdoor is 2.43 meters or 7'11-5/8\". Net height for women, 7'4-1/8\". The height of the net shall be 8'. BALL
The ball weighs between 9 and 10 ounces. Ball pressure is between 4.5 and 6.0 pounds
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第三章 大运会简介
第一节 国际大学生体育联合会
FISU
FISU stands for Federation Internationale du Sport Universitaire (International University Sports Federation) and was founded in 1949.
FISU's main responsibility is the supervision of both summer and Winter Universiades as well as the World University Championships.
FISU is composed of a General Assembly which represents the members (141 National University Sports Federations). It is FISU's main governing body. It elects the Executive Committee for a period of four years, which takes all the necessary decisions for the smooth running of FISU. Ten permanent commissions advise the Executive Committee in their specialised areas and so to simplify its duties. FISU is funded through subscription, organising and entry fees, television incomes, and marketing activities.
The Universiades
The Universiade is an international sporting and cultural festival which is staged every two years in a different city and which is second in importance only to the Olympic Games.
The Summer Universiade consists of 12 compulsory sports (Athletics - Basketball - Fencing - Football - Gymnastics - Judo - Swimming - Diving - Water Polo - Table Tennis - Tennis - Volleyball) and up to three optional sports chosen by the host country. The record figures are 7,805 participants in Izmir, Turkey in 2005 and 174 countries in Daegu, Korea in 2003.
The Winter Universiade consists of 7 compulsory sports (Alpine skiing - Nordic skiing composed of jump, cross country & combined - Curling - Ice Hockey - Short-Track - Speed Skating - Figure Skating - Biathlon) and one or two optional sports also chosen by the host country, and gathered a record of 2,511 participants in Torino, Italy in 2007 and a record number of 50 countries in Innsbruck, Austria in 2005.
The World University Championships
The other important sport events of FISU are the World University Championships. The spreading of the university sport in the world created a new series of meetings and competitions to complete the program of the Universiade. FISU supports the competitions which represent the continuity of university sport and allows the federation to be better known. In 2004, FISU organised 25 World University Championships that attracted 4,845 participants from a total of 186 (of which 90 different) countries. In 2006, FISU staged 27 WUCs attracting 5,852 participants
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from a total of 209 (of which 90 different) countries and for 2008, 29 WUC were attributed bringing together 6,652 participants from 229 countries (of which 90 different). For 2010, 29 WUC are attributed. WUC Sports Program: Archery - Badminton - Baseball - Beach Volleyball - Bridge - Chess - Cross Country - Cycling - Equestrian - Flat Water Canoeing - Floorball - Futsal - Golf - Handball - Field Hockey - Karate - Match Racing - Orienteering - Rowing - Rugby 7 - Savate - Sailing - Shooting - Softball - Squash - Taekwondo - Triathlon - White Water Canoeing - Waterskiing - Weightlifting - Woodball - Wrestling.
The Eligibility
The Universiades and Championships are open to all student athletes that have not been out of university or its equivalent for more than a year and that are between 17 and 28 years old. Any association which belongs to FISU may enter a team or an individual competitor. Entries are accepted from any country which is eligible for the Olympic Games and from any national federation which is affiliated to an appropriate International Federation.
The FISU Conference
The FISU Conference takes place at the same time as the Universiade, complementing the sporting aspect with sociological study and scientific research, thus illustrating the need to bring together Sport and the University Spirit. This FISU Conference also entitled \"Conference for the Study of University Sport\" tackles topics relating to the different aspects of sport and physical education.
The FISU Forum
Since, like the Universiade, the Congress is biennial, FISU wished to give students and university sport officials the opportunity to meet more often to discuss subjects involving education, culture and sport, through Forum seminars. Practically speaking, Forum seminars will take place every two years, alternating with Universiade years, and each time in a different location.
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第二节 深圳大学生运动会
Shenzhen unveiled the logo for its 2011 Universiade at a press conference Thursday.
Han Zhanning, the logo designer and secretary of the Shenzhen Graphic Designers' Association, explained the meaning of the logo to the press.
\"The logo consists of three U-shape ribbons as U is the first letter of Universiade. I arrange the three ribbons to form a big 'S,' which shows that Shenzhen is the place to hold such a game. The logo as a whole looks like a flying dragon, which is the traditional symbol of China,\" Han said. \"Blue represents the ocean as Shenzhen is a coastal city. Red symbolizes China and its passion for sports. Green stands for vitality and the future. Universiade is a stage for the young people and Shenzhen is also a young city. So I think Shenzhen has many characteristics of Universiade as both are young, passionate, energetic and vivacious,\" he said.
The Shenzhen Graphic Designers' Association was responsible for designing the logo. More than 200 works have been gathered since July 1. The present logo was chosen July 18 and passed July 20.
The logo will be seen in various places in the city and used throughout the whole bidding process. A senior official with the city's bidding committee said Shenzhen would be challenged by many competent bidders from the world, but he did not elaborate.
Shenzhen is expected to become the second Chinese city to host the games after Beijing hosted the 21st Universiade in 2001.
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第三节 历届大运会资料
1923 - 1938
Summer Student World Championships
1924 1st Summer Student World Championships (Warsaw) 1927 2nd Summer Student World Championships (Rome) 1928 3rd Summer Student World Championships (Paris) 1930 4th International University Games (Darmstadt) 1933 5th International University Games (Torino) 1935 6th International University Games (Budapest) 1937 7th International University Games (Paris) 1939 8th International University Games (Monaco)
Winter Student World Championships
1928 1st Winter International University Games (Cortina d'Ampezzo) 1930 2nd Winter International University Games (Davos) 1933 3rd Winter International University Games (Bardonecchia) 1935 4th Winter International University Games (St Mortiz) 1937 5th Winter International University Games (Zell am See) 1939 6th Winter International University Games (Lillehammer)
1949 - 1959 Summer
1949 1st Summer International University Sport Week - Merano 1951 2nd Summer International University Sport Week - Luxembourg 1953 3rd Summer International University Sport Week - Dortmund 1955 4th Summer International University Sport Week - San Sebastian 1957 World University Games - Paris 1959 1st Summer Universiade - Torino Winter
1951 1st Winter International University Sport Week - Bad Gastein 1953 2nd Winter International University Sport Week - St Moritz 1955 3rd Winter International University Sport Week - Jahorina 1957 4th Winter International University Sport Week - Oberammergau 1959 5th Winter International University Sport Week - Zell am See
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1961-1970 Summer
1961 2nd Summer Universiade - Sofia, Bulgaria 1963 3rd Summer Universiade - Porto Alegre, Brazil 1965 4th Summer Universiade - Budapest, Hungary 1967 5th Summer Universiade - Tokyo, Japan 1970 6th Summer Universiade - Torino, Italy Winter
1960 1962 19 1966 1968 1970 1971-1983 Summer
1973 1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 Winter
1972 1975 1978 1981 1983
1985-1997 Summer
1985 1987 1st Winter Universiade - Chamonix, France 2nd Winter Universiade - Villars, Switzerland
3rd Winter Universiade - Spindleruv Mlyn, Czechoslovakia 4th Winter Universiade - Sestriere, Italy 5th Winter Universiade - Innsbruck, Austria 6th Winter Universiade - Rovaniemi, Finland 7th Summer Universiade - Moscow, USSR 8th Summer Universiade - Rome, Italy 9th Summer Universiade - Sofia, Bulgaria 10th Summer Universiade - Mexico City, Mexico 11th Summer Universiade - Bucharest, Romania 12th Summer Universiade - Edmonton, Canada 7th Winter Universiade - Lake Placid, USA 8th Winter Universiade - Livigno, Italy
9th Summer Universiade - Spindleruv Mlyn, Czechoslovakia 10th Winter Universiade - Jaca, Spain 11th Winter Universiade - Sofia, Bulgaria 13th Summer Universiade - Kobe, Japan 14th Summer Universiade - Zagreb, Yugoslavia
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19 15th Summer Universiade - Duisburg, Germany 1991 16th Summer Universiade - Sheffield, Great Britain 1993 17th Summer Universiade - Buffalo, USA 1995 18th Summer Universiade - Fukuoka, Japan 1997 19th Summer Universiade - Sicily, Italy Winter
1985 1987 19 1991 1993 1995 1997
1999-2009 Summer
1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 Winter
1999 2001 2003 2005
2007 2009
12th Winter Universiade - Belluno, Italy
13th Winter Universiade - Strbske Pleso, Czechoslovakia 14th Winter Universiade - Sofia, Bulgaria 15th Winter Universiade - Sapporo, Japan 16th Winter Universiade - Zakopane, Poland 17th Winter Universiade - Jaca, Spain 18th Winter Universiade - Chonju-Muju, Korea 20th Summer Universiade - Palma de Mallorca, Spain 21st Summer Universiade - Beijing, China 22nd Summer Universiade - Daegu, Korea 23rd Summer Universiade - Izmir, Turkey 24th Summer Universiade - Bangkok, Thailand
25th Summer Universiade - Belgrade, Serbia & Montenegro 26th Summer Universiade – Shenzhen, China 19th Winter Universiade - Poprad-Tatry, Slovakia 20th Winter Universiade - Zakopane, Poland 21st Winter Universiade - Tarvisio, Italy 22nd Winter Universiade - Innsbruck, Austria
23rd Winter Universiade - Torino, Italy 24th Winter Universiade - Harbin, China - 53 -
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附录：单词总表
(international) chess 国际象棋 accreditation cards 注册卡
accuracy of mark-lying 布标的准确度 ace spiker 主攻手
acrobatic gymnastics 技巧运动 advantage优势分 aerobics dancing 健美操 alpine skiing 高山滑雪 alternated breathing 换气
alternatives
替补队员
an unexpected winner; dark horse 冷门 anchor line 锚绳 anemometer 风带仪 appeal 申诉 approach 助跑 archery 射箭
armstand dive 臂立跳水 artificial waves 人工浪
assistance 援助 assistant coach
助理教练 assistant race officer 副裁判长 Athletes Area 运动员休息区 Athletes/competitors运动员 Athletics田径 berth 泊位
bikini bottom 比基尼泳裤 bikini top 比基尼乳罩 bikini
比基尼
birdie / shuttle cock 羽毛球 black flag rule 黑旗规则 block tackle 正面抢截 block 夹绳器 blocker 副攻手 block拦网 boat line 系船绳
(life) buoy
救生圈/衣
attacking line三米线 attacking midfielder
攻击型前卫（前腰）
automatic bailer 船底放水器 awards presentation/ceremony颁奖仪式 away game客场比赛 away match 客场比赛 back field player后排队员 back field 后场 back stroke
仰泳
back-flight背飞 backhand 反手
back-row attack后排进攻 Badminton Match羽毛球比赛 badminton shuttlecock羽毛球比赛用球 Baoan Gymnasium宝安体育馆 bar / crossbar 横梁 barbell 杠铃 Basketball篮球
beach volleyball Men 男子沙滩排球 beach volleyball Women 女子沙滩排球 beat the off-side trap反越位 before the start 起航前 belly flop
腹部先入水
boat park 陆上停船区 body check 阻挡 boom extension 帆杆加长杆 boom 帆杆 box / area
禁区
break through突破 breaststroke 蛙泳 butterfly stroke蝶泳
by-line / sideline / touchline 边线 capsized 翻船 captain 队长
- -
迎大运 学英语 北美国际教育学会全程赞助
captain 队长 carry持球 Catamaran 双体船 center back中后卫 center circle 中圈 center field
中场
chesting
胸部停球
chief measurer 丈量长 chief official裁判长 clean entry clear
入水水花很小 解围
clear 高远球
closing ceremony 闭幕式 coach boat 教练艇 Coach教练 coach教练员
Command Center/Headquarters 指挥中心／总部
commodore俱乐部
competition information center 竞赛信息中心
competitive sport 竞技性运动 cork hoop corner area diver
救生圈 角球区跳水运动员
center forward中锋 centerboard case 稳向板箱 central line中线 chairman championships 锦标赛 championship锦标赛 change course 改变航线 Change the shuttle换球 cheer team拉拉队 cheering-section啦啦队 cheer-leader啦啦队长 chest-high ball 半高球 corner kick
角球
counter-attack 防守反击 course laying methods 布标方法 crawl stroke 爬泳 cross
传中
越野跑
diving header 鱼跃冲顶 diving-pool Diving跳水 dog paddle
狗爬式
水花
跳水池
cross-country race dome of water
crown of feathers球的羽毛圈 Cycling 自行车比赛 decathlon
十项全能
假动作
Doping Control 兴奋剂检测 doubles 双打 draw
平局
deceptive movement deck edge
池缘
dribble 带球 drive扣杀 drop 吊球 drop 吊球
dry suit 干式保暖服 During the Game赛中 eighth-final
八分之一决赛
defending midfielder 防守型前卫（后腰） defensive wall 防守人墙 deny a goal deuce
判进球无效
局末平分
direct kill 探头球 discus throwing
掷铁饼
eligibility 参赛资格 end line 底线
disqualification 取消资格／禁赛
- 55 -
迎大运 学英语 北美国际教育学会全程赞助
entry
入水
formation
阵型
equipment boat 器材船 European Athletic Association 欧洲田径
forward / striker前锋 forward dive 向前跳水 协会
event preparation 赛事准备 Executive Board 大运会执委会 executive director 执行主任
Executive Office 大运组委会执行局 Expulsion 禁赛 extra time
加时赛
fair charge 合理冲撞 fake smasher 佯攻队员 fake
假动作
fault
失误球 fault 失误 feet first 脚先入水
Fencing击剑 field / pitch 足球场 final eight
前八强 final 总决赛 finishing boat 终点船 first pass 一传 first round 首轮比赛 first/second half 上/下半场
Football足球 fore deck 前夹板 forehand 正手
half-time interval 中场休息 half-volley
凌空抽射
halfway line 中线 hammer throwing 掷链锤 hand ball
手球
hand bearing compass 手持罗经 harbor master 港口主管 harbor 港 hat-trick
帽子戏法
forward前排队员 foul
犯规
four hits 四次击球 free kick
任意球
freestyle/front crawl自由泳 full back后卫
GB (games behind) 落后战绩最领先球队的胜场场数
general recall 全部招回 goal area
球门区
goal drought 进球荒 goal kick
球门球 goal line 球门线 goal net 球门网 goal
球门
goalkeeper / goalie守门员 golden goal
金球制
golf 高尔夫球 guest team客队 gybe 顺风换舷 Gymnastics体操
hair-pin shot “夹发针”球（网前贴地轻挑短球）
head coach 主教练 head first 头先入水
header
头球
heavyweight重量级
height, time, and strength of tide 潮汐的高度，时间和强度 high jump跳高
home court advantage主场优势
home court主场
- 56 -
迎大运 学英语 北美国际教育学会全程赞助
home match 主场比赛 home team 主队 hurdles 跨栏
in good form 竞技状态好 individual recall 个别招回 injury time
伤停补时
intermission 中场休息
international tournament国际比赛 invitational tournament 邀请赛 inward dive / cutaway 向内跳水 javelin throwing
掷标
jib sheet 前帆缭绳 jib 前帆 judge 裁判 Judo柔道
jump service跳发球 jury boat 仲裁船 jury chairman 仲裁主任 jury room仲裁室 kick off
开球
kick-out 踢出界 lane rope
分道线
launching ramp 下水坡道 leach 后帆边 leeward 下风 left back 左后卫 let ball 擦网球 life guard 救生员 life-saver
救生员
lineman / linesman 巡边员 linesman 司线员 lob
吊高空球
long jump
跳远
long serve长发球 long shot
远射
long-distance race 长跑 Longgang Inter national Bicycle Velodrome龙岗国际自行车赛场 lower mast栀杆下节
Luohu Gymnasium罗湖体育馆 main sheet 主绳 man-to-man 人盯人 marathon 马拉松 marina 帆船游艇港 marine shop航海器材商店 mark boat 标旁船 mark buoy 浮标 mark
盯人
mast 栀杆
measurement boat丈量船
measurement committee丈量委员会 medal 奖牌 media boat 媒体船 Media Centre 新闻中心 Media媒体／记者 Medical医务 men's event男子项目 mesh网眼
methods of compensation 弥补措施 midfielder
前卫
motor boat 摩托艇
Nanshan Sport Center南山区文体中心 national team国家队 net ball 落网球 net fault 触网 net post 网柱 net
球网
net 球网
non-swimmer’s pool浅水池 off-side trap 造越位 off-side
越位
on line 球压线
- 57 -
迎大运 学英语 北美国际教育学会全程赞助
on the shore signal pole 岸上信号旗杆 one-sided game一边倒的比赛 open football 拉开战术 open meetings 公开赛 opening ceremony 开幕式 overhand service上手发球 overhead kick 倒钩 own goal 乌龙球
pass
传球
patrol boat 巡逻艇 penalty box 禁区
penalty 处罚 penalty 点球 pike
屈体
platform
跳台
pole jump 撑竿跳 pool wall 池壁 post
立柱
postpone 推迟 powerboat 动力艇 preliminary match 预赛
principal race officer RRO 总裁判长 promotion 升级
protest pumping 摇帆
quarter-final 四分之一决赛 quick kill 快攻球
race committee 竞赛委员会 race officer 裁判长 racetrack 跑道 red card 红牌 redress 补偿 referee
裁判 Referee裁判员
regatta, sailing competition 帆船比赛 relays
接力跑
relegation
降级
rescue boat 救生船 return
回球
reverse dive 反身跳水 right back右后卫 right of way 航行权 rip entry
压水花技术
rolling pass / ground pass地滚球 round a mark 饶标 round robin 循环赛 rubber boat 橡皮艇
running-up; second; silver medalist亚军
sail number 帆号 sailing 航行;帆船航海
same tack 同舷风 save 救球 schedule 赛程
scooped entry 铲勺式入水 score
得分
scorer
记分员
second pass二传 secretary general 秘书长 Security安保
seeded player; seed 种子选手 seeded team种子队 semi-final 准决赛 semi-final 半决赛 send off
罚下场
serve fault发球失误 serve 发球 serve
发球
serving 发球权 set umpire副裁判 set up托球 setter二传手
Shenzhen Bay Sports Center深圳湾体育中心- 58 -
迎大运 学英语 北美国际教育学会全程赞助
Shenzhen Gymnasium深圳体育馆 Shenzhen Stadium深圳体育场
Shenzhen Swimming and Diving Hall深圳游泳跳水馆
Shenzhen University Stadium深圳大学体育starting signal 起航信号 steal
抢断
停球
stopping
straight smash 扣直线 substitution / reserve替补 馆 shoot
射门
shooting射击 shootout 点球决胜 short serve短发球 shot put
推铅球
showing a yellow card 出示黄牌 side line 边线 side stroke
侧泳
signal boat 起点船 signal flag 信号旗 singles 单打 slam/spike/smash扣球 slide smash扣斜线 slide tackle
铲球
smash service跳发球 sound horn音响喇叭
Sounding a whistle or horn 吹口哨或喇叭 spectator 观众 Spectator观众 speed-boat 快艇
spike off the block 打手出界 spinnaker 球形帆 splash
飞溅
sports acrobatics技巧 springboard 跳板
sprint
短跑
stadium 体育场 standing take-off 立定起跳 standings 战绩（表） starting block/platform 出发台
sudden death 突然死亡法 surfboard 冲浪板 suspend
停赛
suspension 停赛
sweeper 清道夫，拖后中卫 swimmer
泳者
swimmer’s pool
深水池
swimming belt 救生带 swimming cap 泳帽 swimming lane
泳道
swimming suit 泳衣 swimming trunks 泳裤 swimming-pool 游泳池
Swimming游泳 Table Tennis乒乓球 taekwondo 跆拳道 take a pass
接球
take-off 起跳 Team leader领队
technical delegate 技术代表 technical delegate技术代表 tell tail 风向线 Tennis网球 Test the shuttle 试球 the 110 meter hurdles
110米栏
the class rules 级别规则
The International Amateur Athletic Federation (IAAF)
国际业余田径联合会
The International University Sports Federation, FLSU 世界大学生运动联合会 the notice of race (NOR) 竞赛规程
- 59 -
迎大运 学英语 北美国际教育学会全程赞助
the racing rule of sailing (RRS) 帆船竞赛规则
the sailing instructions (Sis) 航行细则 throw in
界外球
圳世界大学生运动会 upper mast 栀杆上节 violation
违例
visiting team客队 volley
抽射
tiller extension 副舵柄 time limit 时间 total football 全攻全守 touch the mark 碰标 track events 竞赛
Training Venue of Sport Team深圳市体工队训练馆
transom 船尾板 treading water 踩水
triple jump / hop step and jump三级跳 trolley 拖船车 Trophy 奖杯 tuck
抱膝
volleyball court排球场 Volleyball排球 volleyball排球 Volunteer志愿者 walking 竞走
warming up match 热身赛 Water Polo水球
water staff 水上裁判人员
waving a red flag or card 挥动红旗或红牌 Weight-lifting举重
wind direction indicator 风向标 windward 上风 wing-back
边后卫
twisting dive 转体跳水 two hull length 两倍船长 umpire (对抗赛)裁判 umpire 裁判 umpire 裁判
underhand service 下手发球 underwater swimming潜泳 universal joint 万向节
Universidade SHENZHEN 2011 2011年深
winger 边锋
winning streak 连胜场数，连胜纪录 women's event女子项目 World Cup
亚洲杯
world-record holder世界纪录保持者 Xili Sport Center西丽体育中心 yellow card zone press
黄牌 区域防守
- 60 -
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