英语专四词汇常考词根词缀

英语专四词汇常考词缀：

后缀（改词性保词义）

名词后缀

1)-or/er/ess/crat/cis做某件事情或职业的人或或物: worker, debtor , actress, democrat

2)-acy表示“性质,状态,境遇” democracy, accuracy, diplomacy

3)ance、-ence表示”性质,状况,行为,过程,总量,程度” Importance，diligence, difference. obedience

4)-ancy , -ency表示“性质,状态,行为,过过程” frequency, urgency，efficiency

5)-bility表示“动作,性质,状态” possibility, flexibility, feasibility

6)-dom表示“等级,领域,状态” freedom, kingdom, wisdom

~

7)-hood表示“资格,身份,年纪,状态” childhood, manhood, falsehood

8)-ion,-sion,-tion,- ation,- Ition表示“行为的过程,结果,状况” action，solution, conclusion, destruction expression. correction

9)-ism表示“制度,主义,学说,信仰,行为” socialism, criticism，colloquialism, heroism

10)-ity表示“性质,状态,程度” purity, reality, ability, calamity

11)-ment表示“行为,状态,过程,手段及其结果” treatment, movement，judgment, punishment, argument

12)-ness表示示“性质,状态,程程度” goodness, kindness. tiredness，friendliness

13)-ship表示“情况,性质,技巧,技能及身份,职业” hardship，membership, friendship

14)-th表示“动作,性质,过程,状态” depth, wealth, truth, length, growth

15)-tude表示“性质,状态,程度” latitude, altitude(海拔)

16)-ure表示“行为,结果” exposure, pressure, failure, procedure(手续)

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17)-grapy表示“……学,写法” biography, calligraphy, geography

18)-ic,ics表示 “……学，……法” logic, mechanics, electronics, linguistics

19)-ology表示“…学,…论” biology, zoology, technology(工艺学)

20)-nomy表示“……学……术” astronomy，economy，bionomy(生态学)

21) -age 状态、行为、集合 shortage, baggage;

22) -al动作、人、事物refusal, professional

形容词后缀

1)-able, -ible: visible, flexible

;

2)名词-ish: foolish, bookish. selfish

3)-Ive: active, sensitive, productive

4)-like: manlike, childlike

5)名词-y: manly, fatherly, scholarly, motherly

6)-some: troublesome, handsome

7)-ful: beautiful, wonderful, helpful, truthful

8)-ous: dangerous, generous, courageous, various

9)-ent: violent

10)-most: foremost, topmost

11)-less,表示否定: countless. stainless, wireless

.

12)-ary, -ory与……相关的imaginary, obligatory;

13)-ed有……的wooded, pleased;

14)-en有……质的，似……的wooden, golden;

15)-free免于……的carefree, duty-free;

动词后缀

1)-ize, ise,表示“做成,变成,…化”

modernize, mechanize, democratize, organize

2)-en,表示“使成为,引起,使有”

）

quicken, weaken, soften, harden

3)-fy,表示“使…化,使成”

beautify, purify, intensify, signify, simplify

4)-ish,表示“使,令”

finish, abolish, diminish, establish

5)-ate,表示“成为……,处理,作用”

separate, operate, indicate

副词后缀

1)(形容词)-ly：

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bad → badly恶劣地,

careful → carefully小心地

2)-wise(OE)：

clock → clockwise(a./adv.)顺时针方向的(地)

like-> likewise同样地

3)- wards：

out → outwards向外地

north → northwards向北方地

常用前缀 （改词义也可能改变词性）

1. {

2. anti-反、抗、对立antisocial, antibody;

3. auto-自己/动的autobiography, autonomous;

4. be-使得、视作become, belittle;

5. bi-两，双面bilingual, bimonthly;

6. centi-百century, centigrade;

7. co-共同，联合coordinate, cooperate;

8. con-,col-,com-,cor-与、和、共、全colleague, combination, conform, coordinate;

9. contra-相反、针对contradiction,contrary;

10. counter-反、逆对、等counteract, counterpart

11. de-取消、脱离、向下decline, departure;

12. ）

13. dis-否定、除去discriminate, disorder;

14. en(m)-使成为、使进入enable, enclose;

15. ex-向外、出自、超出、离开exceed, exclude

16. extra-越出、超过extraordinary, extreme;

17. fore-前面、预先forehead, forecast;

18. in(m)-,il-,ir-不，无，非illegal, important;

19. in-在……里，内部inclusive, indoor;

20. inter-互相、在……中间interaction, intervene;

21. intra(o)-内部、向内introduce, introvert

22. macro-大的、宏观的macroeconomics;

23. `

24. mal-坏、恶、不良maltreat, malnutrition

25. micro-微小的、微量的microphone, microwave;

26. mid-中部、当中midland, midwife;

27. mini-极小的、极短的minibus, minimum;

28. mis-错、不当、相反misery, mismatch

29. mono-一、单一的monotonous, monopoly;

30. multi-多倍的multiple, multitude;

31. non-非、无、不nonsense, non-stop;

32. out-超出、在外outstanding, outlive;

33. over-在上面、越过overwhelming, overtake;

34. ：

35. poly-多，众polysyllable, polytechnic;

36. post-后postgraduate, postpone;

37. pre-预先、前precedence, predominant;

38. psudo-伪、假、拟pseudonym, pseudoscience;

39. re-又、再、往后replace, replenish;

40. semi-半、部分的semiconductor, semi sphere;

41. sub-下一级、次要subordinate, substitute

42. super-上方的、超过的superfluous, supervisor;

43. tele-远的、远距离telephone, telescope

44. therm(o)-热、热电的thermos, thermometer;

45. ；

46. trans-横越、通过transplant, transmit;

47. tri-三、三次tricycle, triangle, triple;

48. ultra-在……之外、极端、过分ultraviolet, ultrasonic;

49. un-不、非、相反unknown, unsay;

50. uni-单、一uniform, unity, universal;

51. vice-代替、代理、付 vice-president, vice-principal.

常用词干

1. ag, act做 agent, active;

2. ，

3. aster, astro星 disaster, astronomy;

4. audi听 audience, audio-visual(AV) ;

5. bio生命 biochemist, antibiotic;

6. cap,cept,ceive拿、取 capture, receive;

7. cede,ceed,cess行、移动procedure, successive;

8. cide, cis切，杀 suicide, decision;

9. clued, clus闭合 include, exclusion;

10. cred相信 creditor, incredible;

11. cur, curr跑 occur, currency;

12. cycle圆、环 bicycle, recycle;

13. …

14. dict, dic说 dictionary, indication;

15. duct, duc引导 educate, conduct, prouuce;

16. fac,fic,fect,fact做、制affect,fiction,infect;

17. fer运送、带 transfer, conference;

18. flect, flex弯、曲 reflect, flexible;

19. flu流fluid, influence, fluent;

20. gen起源、种类、人种intelligence, generation;

21. geo地球、土地geography,geometry;

22. grad, gress走gradual, aggressive;

23. gram写、记录grammar, telegram;

24. …

25. graph写、记录; photo光 photograph;

26. ject 投、掷、抛reject, project, injection;

27. lect, leg挑选、采集、读elect, collect, legend;

28. mani,manu手manual, manipulate;

29. med中间immediately, medium;

30. miss,mit送、派、放开transmit, permit;

31. mob, mot, mov 移动automobile, promote

32. pel推、逐expel, propeller;

33. pend悬挂indispensable, suspend;

34. phon声microphone, phoney;

35. pon, pos放置postpone, compose;

36. port搬运、带transport, portable;

37. rup 裂、破坏interrupt, rupture;

38. scribe写describe, prescribe;

39. spec, spect,spic看perspective, respective;

40. tend,tens,tent伸张、倾向extend, intense

41. tract拖、拉、吸引tractor, attract, distraction;

42. vid, vis看见evident, invisible;

43. volv转、滚动revolve, revolution;