2020-2021学年宁夏固原市第一中学高三英语第四次联考试卷及参考答案

答案

第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分40分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项

A

Last summer, Katie Steller pulled off the freeway on her way to work inMinneapolis. She stopped at a traffic light, where a man was sitting with a sign asking for help. She rolled down her window and shouted. “Hey. I’m driving around giving free haircuts. Do you want one right now?” The man laughed, then paused. “Actually,” he said, “I was really hoping to get a haircut.” Steller pulled out a red chair from her car and helped the man cut his hair immediately. After the work was done, the man looked in a mirror. “I look good!” he said.

Up to now, Steller has given 30 or so such haircuts around the city to people with little influence, and she is strongly aware of the power of her cleanup job.

As a teen, she suffered from a severe disease, causing her hair to get thinned, so her mother arranged for Steller’s first professional haircut. “To sit down and have somebody look at me and talk to me like a person and not just an illness, it helped me feel cared about and less alone,” she says. After that, Steller knew she wanted to have her own barbershop so she could help people feel the way she’d felt that day. Not long after finishing cosmetology (美容术) school in 2009, she began what she now calls her Red Chair Project, reaching out to people on the streets. Her aim was that by doing some kind acts, others would be inspired to spread their own.

“Part of what broke my heart was just how lonely peoplelooked,” she said. “I thought maybe I’d go around and ask if people want free haircuts. I can’t fix their problems, but maybe I can help them feel less alone for a moment.”

It all began with a belief in simple acts of kindness, such as a free haircut. “The way you show up in the world matters,” said Steller. “You have no idea what people are going to do with the kindness that you give them.” 1. How does the writer begin the passage?

A. By making a comparison. B. By giving a reason. C. By raising a question. D. By describing a scene. 2. What made Stellar start the Red Chair Project?

A. Her mother’s love for her. B. Her interest in cosmetology. C. Her care for those in need. D. Her wish to fight severe diseases.

3. What did Stellar expect from the project?

A. To spread kindness. B. To solve social problems.

C. To deal with relationships. D. To make people look smarter.

B

A Chinese space mining company has designed a robot that can capture waste material left behind by spacecraft in outer space with a big net.

The state-run Xinhua news agency recently reported that the robot launched on the government's Long March 6 rocket along with several satellites. The robot will also investigate deep space to observe small objects in the universe. The 30-kilogram robot, called NEO-01 , was developed by Origin Space. Pounded in 2019 and based in the southern Chinese tech hub(技术中心)Shenzhen, Origin Space has been devoted to exploring and using space resources, according to the company. The company says the robot will lead the way for future technologies capable of mining on asteroids(小行星).

The world's first asteroid mining company, Planetary Resources, was established in 2009. Since then, more than 12 businesses around the world have entered the industry, including 3D Systems of the United States and Japan's Astroscale. Astroscale's technology uses magnets (磁铁)to gather up space waste. But a report on the Origin Space website says NEO-01 will use a net to capture waste and then bum it. Thousands of satellites have been launched worldwide. As they are used too long, many end up as waste and put other operating satellites at risk.

Su Meng is the founder of Origin Space. He said the company plans to launch many space telescopes and more spacecraft to begin the first for-profit mining of asteroids by 2045. Su added that NEO-01 will serve as a prototype (雏形)of future space mining robots, which can use rich mineral resources on asteroids to support the development of the space industry.

The Xinhua news agency reported that China was increasing efforts to land a spacecraft on a near-Earth asteroid to collectmaterials. China is also speeding up a plan to build a defense system against near-Earth asteroids. The country aims to follow Russia and the United States in becoming a major space power by 2030. 4. Which of the following can correctly describe NEO-01? A. It weighs 60 kilograms.

B. It was created by Planetary Resources. C. It will be burnt after finishing its mission. D. It is mainly used to catch space waste.

5. What can be inferred from the text?

A. China will be the most powerful in space by 2030. B. Origin Space will open more mines on asteroids. C. It is those useless satellites that make space waste. D. The robot will look into deep space for more waste. 6. What does Su Meng think of NEO-01 ?

A. It is promising and rewarding. B. It has benefited the space industry. C. It's a long way to produce it. D. It'll help make money for the company. 7. What can be the best title for the text? A. NEO-01 , A Smart Robot Used in Space B. A Chinese Robot Can Catch Space Waste C. A New Robot Makes China a SpacePower D. NEO-01 , the Pioneer of Future Space Robots

C

Sonoma County is adding artificial intelligence to its wildfire fighting. The county has entered into an agreement with the South Korean firm Alchera to equip its network of fire-spotting cameras with software that detects wildfire activity and then issues a warning to authorities.

The technology examines past and current images of terrain (地形;地势) and searches for certain changes, such as flames burning in darkness, said Chris Godley, the county’s director of emergency management. But emergency workers will first have to“teach”the system to distinguish between images that show fire smoke, and others that might show clouds, fog etc. The software will use feedback from humans to improve its algorithm(算法) and will eventually be able to detect fires on its own — or at least that’s what county officials hope.

“It’s kind of like learning how to read,”Godley said. “What letters can I put together to make up a word?” The county activated the technology Wednesday and received 16 positive reports of smoke — all of which turned out to be permitted burns, he said. Once a seasonal ban on controlled burns goes into effect in April or May, the county plans to speed up the testing and feedback phase. The hope is that by November, the system will no longer need to be taught and can start providing reliable intelligence. Godley said. “It’s going to take us a while to make sure weget the bugs outand that we really can depend on it because ultimately this is a lifesaving mission.”

The technology is intended to help officials investigate potential fire starts earlier so they can get personnel out to them more quickly and issue necessary warnings. Officials expect other places will adopt it if the technology

is successful, particularly because it plugs into the camera network that’s already in place statewide.

“We ultimately believe its potential could be realized in a year or two,” Godley said. “And it could really have a dramatic impact here in California.”

8. What does the system first have to do before being put into work? A. Equip its network of fire-spotting cameras with software. B. Learn to tell between images of fire smoke and other pictures. C. Use feedbacks to improve its ability to detect fire independently. D. Examine images of the terrain and search for any possible changes. 9. What do local officials expect the technology to accomplish? A. Be able to make positive reports of smoke. B. Be able to control seasonal burns in the area.

C. Help them spot potential fire starts as soon as possible. D. Learn how to distinguish pictures of flames from clouds. 10. What does the underlined part in paragraph 3 mean? A. kill all the bugs. B. get rid of mistakes

C. provide reliable information D. speed up testing process 11. What does the author mainly intend to tell us? A. AI is creating a dramatic impact in California. B. AI is applied to monitor terrains in California. C. A new tool to help detect wildfire in California. D. A new way to put an end to wildfire in California.

D

It’s a big change from homeless teen to Yale (耶鲁)medical school student, butperseverancepaid off for Chelesa Fearce of Clayton County, Georgia.

Fearce was a fourth grader when her mom was diagnosed (诊断) with Lymphoma (淋巴瘤).That began a hard time for the family. They had to move in and out of shelters,hotels and even the family car.

“I know I have been made stronger. I was homeless. My family slept on the floor and we were lucky if we got more than one full meal a day. Getting a shower, food and clean clothes was an everyday struggle,” Fearce said in a speech she gave at her high school graduation ceremony. Fearce overcame her day-to-day struggles by focusing on a better day. “I just told myself to keep working, because the future will not be like this anymore. And that

helped me get through,” she told WSBTV.

Fearce was determined to be a good role model for her younger sister. She found inspiration in her late grandmother, struggling with deadly diseases, who gave Fearce emotional support. In her junior and senior year, Fearce took both high school and college courses, missing out on the free meals she depended on so she could get to her college classes. Despite having to use her cellphone to study after the shelter lights were turned off at night, she not only graduated as valedictorian (毕业生代表) of her 2013 class with a 4.5 grade average, but was also given a ride scholarship—including a meal plan to Spelman College in Atlanta.

After graduation, she worked full time for two years at the National Institutes for Health inBethesda,Maryland,doing research on drugs. Last fall, she entered Yale and set a course to earn both a PhD and medical degree.

12. What does the underlined word “perseverance” in paragraph 1 refer to? A. instant passion. B. continuous efforts. C. great patience. D. selfless ambitions. 13. How did Fearce feel facing the sufferings?

A. Sad and disappointed. B. Stressed and defeated. C. Determined and confident. D. Joyous and contented. 14. What can we know about Fearce’s learning experience? A. Her grandma encouraged her to study medicine. B. Her high school offered her free meals and courses. C. She failed to study late due to frequent power cut. D. She gained remarkable high school achievement. 15. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. From Homeless to Yale B. Meet American’s Top Girl C. Disabled but not Defeated

D. Chelesa Fearce: A Girl of Many Talents

第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）

阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项

Even if you love fish, actually cooking it in your kitchen can be a commitment. Long after the fish has been eaten, the pots washed, and the plates put in the dishwasher, the fish smell still exits.___16___Luckily, expert

cooks have figured out how you can cook your fish without leaving a smell that exists for days.

First off, know that truly fresh fish really shouldn't have much of an odor（气味）at all. So if you unwrap a package of fish and take a step back fromthe smell that greets you, throw it away because it's not fresh.___17___

A lot of the smell from cooking fish is because of the cooking method you use.___18___

However, other techniques, like cooking fish in paper, can put a lid on the problem before itstarts. Cleaning experts recommend minimizing the odor before cooking by bathing fish inmilk or a solution of lemon and water. If it's too late and your home is beginning to smell like the parking lot of a seafood joint, then Good Housekeeping suggests mixing together vinegar and water and letting it boil for several minutes to get rid of the smell.

___19___Shut any inside doors to keep the smell from spreading throughout the house and into bedrooms, but open up kitchen windows and doors to allow the smell to get out. And be sure to wipe any spills and throw away any trash containing fish bits.___20___And the resulting sweet scent will make everyone forget about any fishy odor.

A. Frying can cause a big smell problem. B. Prepare your home ahead offish cooking time. C. Here's how to make every room smell amazing. D. Cooking fish wrong brings about terrible smells. E. When all else fails, bake up some cookies for dessert.

F. But, admittedly, even the freshest fish can get a bit of smell once it's cooked. G.It can be enough to put even the most devoted fish eater off cooking it regularly.

第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分45分）

第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）

阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项

I believe in miracles because I’ve seen so many of them. One day,a patient was referred to(被引荐) me who was one hundred and two years old. \"There’s a____21____in my upper jaw.\" she said. \"I told my own dentist it’s nothing, but he____22____I come to see you\".

Her eighty-year-old son accompanied her. He would____23____to add something, but she stopped him. She wanted to tell everything herself. I found a large cancer that spread over much of the____24____of her mouth. A careful examination later____25____that it was a bad sort of cancer.

During her next appointment I explained to her the____26____of the problem. She held my hand firmly in hers and said, \"I know you’re worried about me, but I’m just____27____.

I thought otherwise. After considerable____28____on my part, and kindness on her part because she wanted

to____29____me, she agreed to have me refer her to a cancer surgeon. She saw him, but as I expected,_____30_____treatment.

About six months later she returned to my office, still energetic and_____31_____, \"How are you?\" I asked. \"I’m just fine, honey,\" she responded_____32_____high spirits. \"When can I get started on fixing my dentures(假牙)?”

_____33_____to see her at all, I answered confusedly, \"Let me take a look in your mouth and we’ll see about it.\"

I couldn’t believe my eyes. The cancer that had_____34_____nearly the entire roof of her mouth was gone-only one small area of redness_____35_____.

I had read of such things happening but had_____36_____seen them with my own eyes. That was my first miracle. Since then, I’ve seen many others, because they keep getting_____37_____to see. In fact, miracles are daily events for me now. And people are a miracle,_____38_____through them we have a chance to know ourselves and to_____39_____the miracles of one another.

Since my first miracle, I’ve come to understand that a miracle exists_____40_____we choose to find it. 21. A. cut B. pain C. wound D. cancer

22. A. declared B. suspected C. promised D. insisted 23. A. hesitated B. continued C. attempted D. managed 24. A. roof B. comer C. bottom D. surface

25. A. confirmed B. convinced C. considered D. concluded 26. A. possibility B. importance C. seriousness D. resolution 27. A. old B. sick C. fine D. glad

28. A. permission B. support C. approval D. effort 29. A. persuade B. please C. impress D. astonish 30. A. refused B. provided C. received D. required 31. A. healthy B. elegant C. optimistic D. humorous 32. A. to B. in C. with D. by

33. A. Determined B. Surprised C. Frightened D. Intended 34. A. covered B. reached C. focused D. grown 35. A. cured B. faded C. expanded D. remained 36. A. ever B. also C. never D. already

37. A. easier B. rarer C. happier D. closer 38. A. or B. so C. yet D. for 39. A. read B. make C. keep D. see

40. A. whatever B. wherever C. whoever D. whichever 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式

The rise in children's screen time has brought about calls for___41.___(great) interaction and more outdoor exerciseto improve learning and guard___42.___the spread of shortsightedness.

Time spent online___43.___(increase) dramatically in the past years. Millions of pupils have been forced___44.___(switch) to remote learning, according to Qustodio software,___45.___tracks usage of devices by children aged 4 to 15 in the UK, US and Spain.

One area of concern is eyesight. More occurrence of children's nearsightedness is likely caused by children being kept at home with schoolwork delivered online. It is uncertain___46.___the rise is caused by more time spent on screens or less time outdoors, but previous studies have suggested daylight___47.___(expose) is key.

Another concern is about sleep problems among children. It is definitely clinically significant. There's evidence that shows a sharp increase in children with sleep problems. A number of___48.___(factor) may account for it, with increased screen time being___49.___.

Parents also worry about the impact of too much screen time on children's mental and emotional development. Instead of interactions with their class, spending hours____50.____(passive) sitting in front of a screen may lead to stress and other mental health problems. 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节短文改错（满分10分）

51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。

修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意：

每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

Last Friday, our class organized a visit to the city museum. We got to there by bus. First, we listened to the

brief introduction to the museum. Then, we set out to exploring the museum in small groups. Which caught our attention first was some skillful carved bronze ware dating from the Shang Dynasty. Afterwards, we looked at some cultural relics relate to Shanxi merchants and local custom. To be honest, I felt amazing at the wide range of exhibits on display.

I benefited a lot from this experience. Not only it widen my horizons and it made me take pride in the history of my hometown.

第二节书面表达（满分25分）

52.假如你是明华。你收到你的朋友子悠用微信发来的一段信息。

I have something to tell you. I feel very upset recently. I failed in the national English speaking contest. Before the contest, I competed against a girl at school. I won, but it was because I was lucky. Now, I do believe the girl should have gone to the national competition instead. If she had, the school would have won the first prize. Now, I can not focus myself in class. I can not sleep well at night. I am such a failure!

看完后，你决定编辑一段信息发给子悠，包括以下要点： 1.表示关心； 2.给予安慰； 3.正面开导。

注意：1.开头已经给出； 2.词数100左右

3.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Hi，Ziyou. After reading your message, I...

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

参考答案

1. D 2. C 3. A

4. D 5. C 6. A 7. B

8. B 9. C 10. B 11. C

12. B 13. C 14. D 15. A

16. G 17. F 18. A 19. B 20. E

21. B 22. D 23. C 24. A 25. A 26. C 27. C 28. D 29. B 30. A 31. C 32. B 33. B 34. A 35. D 36. C 37. A 38. D 39. D 40. B 41. greater 42. against

43. has increased 44. to switch

45. which 46. whether 47. exposure 48. factors

49. one 50. passively

51.(1). 删除to (2). the→a

(3). exploring→explore (4). Which→What (5). skillful→skillfully

(6). relate→related/relating (7). custom→customs (8). amazing→amazed (9). 在it前加did (10). and→but

52.略