大学英语(3)(第2次)

一、阅读理解（本大题共100分，共 5 小题，每小题 20 分） 1.

Prehistoric men and women enjoyed a more varied diet than people do now, since they ate species of plant and several hundreds thousands types of living things. But only a tiny percentage of these were ever domesticated. Modern shops have hastened a trend towards

specialization which began in the earliest days of agriculture. The food of the rich countries has become cheaper relative to wages. It is speedily distributed in supermarkets. But the choice annually becomes less and less great. Even individual foods themselves become more standardized. We live in the world of carrot specially blunted in order to avoid making a hole in the bag, and the tomato grown to meet a demand for a standard weight of weighting tomatoes to a kilo. Siri von Reis asks: \"Only the three major cereals （谷物类食物） and perhaps ten other widely cultivated species stand between famine and survival for the world's human population and a handful of drug plants has served Western civilization for several thousand years. A rather obvious question arises: Are we missing something\" After all, there are 800 000 species of plant on earth. (1). In prehistoric times people____. A. ate much more than we do today B. lived mainly on plant food C. had a wide-ranging diet

D. were more fussy about what they ate (2).

Most of us have come to expect____. A.

no variation in our diet

B. a reduction in food supplies C. a specialist diet D.

food conforming to a set standard

(3). The specialization of food was started by____. A. the emergence of supermarkets B. the rise of agriculture C. the rich countries D. the modern shops (4).

According to the passage, people in the West today survive on____.

A. carrots and tomatoes

B. several thousand types of plants and cereals C.

a very small number of cultivated foods

D. special species planted one thousand years ago (5). The conclusion seems to be that we____. A.

could make use of more natural species

B. don't cultivate the right kind of food C.

produce more food than we need D.

cultivate too many different species 2.

human body is distributed(分布)in two different ways. Some fat people have a large chest and no waistline(腰身), looking rather like apples. Others are fatter below the waist, looking more like pears. Doctors in Cambridge, England have been examining the relationship between health and fat (脂肪)distribution. They find that the pear-shaped fat people have fewer problems than the apple-shaped fat people. What seems to be most important is not how much fat you have but where you have it. The doctors measured the apple-shaped women

and pear--shaped women with X-ray scanners(X光扫描器). Human beings have two types of fat:one is outside fat, that is the fat below the skin, and the other is inside fat that lies inside the body. Using the X-ray scanners, the doctors found that the “apples” have a large amount of inside fat.

If this inside fat is much more than outside fat, it will probably cause health problems such as obesity(肥胖症). The best treatment for obesity is to reduce the inside fat. But unfortunately diet treatment(饮食疗法) simply makes an apple-shaped person into a smaller apple and a pear-shaped person into a smaller pear. At the moment there is no effective way of reducing the inside fat. (1).

According to the relation between health and fatness _____________ A.

apple-shaped fat people have fewer problems than pear-shaped people B.

it’s better to be apple-shaped than to be pear-shaped C.

it’s better to be pear-shaped than to be apple-shaped

D. fatness is the most dangerous enemy to health

(2). The most important thing about fat people seems to be ___________. A.

the amount of fat they have B.

the knowledge of which type of the fat people they belong to C.

the amount of the outside fat they have D.

the place where they have the fat (3).

The basic reason why some people suffer from obesity is that _______. A.

they take very little exercise every day

B.

they have much more inside fat than is needed C.

they are examined by X-ray scanners quite often D.

they eat too much (4).

According to what is mentioned in the passage, the best treatment for obesity at present is __________________. A.

to reduce the amount of food and drinks B.

to make the body shape smaller

C.

already known to those people in trouble D.

still to be found. 3.

University of Arizona researcher Dr. William Rathji says that after a study based on looking into garbage cans, the average family wastes at least $150 per year in food.

\"Homemakers go out of their way to save pennies at the store and then don't realize that waste of edible (可食用的) foods adds up much more at home,\" said Dr. Rathji. He was one of about 100 food experts who met in Boise for a conference on food waste and ways to prevent it. American families throw out between 8% and 20% of edible food at a cost of $ billion per year. That's almost as much as the federal government spends every year for food stamps and child nutrition programs.

He found that food items which are costly and in short supply tend to be wasted more. During the 1973 meat shortage, meat waste increased to 9%, compared with 3% in 1974 and 1975. Sugar and sugar products

waste jumped to 19% in 1975, when sugar prices doubled from the previous year.

Dr. Rathji theorizes that high prices force consumers to experiment, sometimes buy in large quantities. In the case of meat, sometimes low-priced cuts for unappetizing varieties are purchased, consumers then tend to waste more.

His theory is that the more variety in food bought, the more wasted. Regular bread is wasted at about a 10% rate, but specialty breads and rolls are wasted at a 20% rate.

If people are eating the same thing every day, they learn how to manage it. But if you're trying to pull something out of the cookbook every night, that's bound to be some waste.

Another finding is that lower income families waste less food than middle and upper income families. And the study found that dog food, which accounts for 8% of a shopping cart, is rarely wasted. Fresh produce and frozen items are more likely to be wasted.

The study also showed people with the most knowledge of safe, edible food waste the least. Much food is tossed out because a homemaker suspects it is spoiled when it is not. (1).

Large quantities of food are thrown out because a homemaker____.

A.

thinks they are not delicious B.

says they taste bitter and hot

C. thinks they smell bad

D. suspects they are spoiled when they are not (2).

American families throw out between____of edible food every year.

A. 5%～8% B. 8%～10%

C. 20%～28% D. 8%～20%

(3).

When sugar prices doubled, waste of sugar____. A. went down

B. went up C.

stayed the same

D. was cut in half (4).

Which of the following statements is true____ A.

American housewives are not good homemakers. B.

Upper-income families are more wasteful than lower-income ones.

C.

American families throw away almost as much food as they consume. D.

Americans waste a great deal of dog food. (5).

When do American families waste more food____ A.

When prices are high.

B. When food is scarce. C.

When they think it is spoiled.

D. All of the above. 4.

Harvard University named historian Drew Gilpin Faust as its first female president on Sunday, ending a lengthy and secretive search to find a successor（接任者）to Lawrence Summers .

The seven-member Harvard Corporation elected Faust, a noted scholar on History of the American South and dean of Harvard’s Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study, as the university’s 28th president. “This is a great day, and a historic day for Harvard.” James R. Houghton, chairman of the presidential search committee, said in a statement. “Drew Faust is an inspiring and accomplished leader, a superb scholar, a dedicated（献身的) teacher, and a wonderful human being.”

Her selection is noteworthy given the heated debates over Summers’ comments that genetic differences between the sexes might help explain the lack of women in top science jobs.

Faust has been dean of Radcliffe since 2001, two years after the former women’s college was combined into the university as a research center with a mission to study gender issues(性别问题). Some professors have quietly groused that the 371-year-old university is appointing a fifth president who is not a scientist. No scientist has had the top job since James Bryant Conant retired in 1953; its last four have come from the fields of classics, law, literature and economics. 1,3,5 Faust is the first Harvard president who did not receive a degree from the university since Charles Chauncy, a graduate of Cambridge University, who died in office in 1762. She attended the University of Pennsylvania.

“Teaching staff turned to her constantly.” said Sheldon Hackney, a former president of the University of Pennsylvania and historian who worked closely with Faust. “She’s very clear. She has a sense of humor, but she’s very strong-minded. You come to trust in her because she’s so solid.” (1).

Which is NOT true about Drew Gilpin Faust A.

She is the 28th president of Harvard University. B.

She is a famous scholar from the American South. C.

She isn’t a graduate from Harvard University.

D.

She was head of Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study. (2).

Lawrence Summers held the view that . A.

women cannot achieve as much as men in management B.

women cannot hold important positions in society C.

women can match men in science jobs D.

few women make top scientists owing to genes (3).

Which might be the best title for the passage

A.

Harvard named its 1st female president. B.

History of Harvard University changed. C.

Debates on female equality ended. D.

Drew Gilpin Faust, a famous woman historian. (4).

This passage probably appears in a . A. biography B.

personal letter C.

research paper D.

newspaper report 5.

Jessica Alba rebelled(叛离) from her \"strict\" parents when she was just five. The 29-year-old actress admits her Catholic(天主教) education made her want to \"break away\" from her mother Catherine and father Mark.

She explained: \"It's always been weird(古怪的) because I grew up in a very traditional, Catholic household. My parents were very strict but I broke away from that at an early age. I was a feminist（女权主义者） when I was five. These days, I am much more independent but I still respect their beliefs.\"

As Jessica has grown older she has learnt to accept her parents' views, but still considers herself an independent woman.

In her latest film 'Machete' Jessica gets to stab(刺) a love rival in the eye with her stiletto heels（鞋后跟）, something she thoroughly enjoyed.

She said: \"Walking in 3in heels wasn't as much fun as putting one in someone's eye. It was 104 degrees where we were shooting in Texas and they were not comfortable.\"

Jessica - who has a two-year-old daughter Honor with husband Cash Warren - is regularly referred to as one of the world's most beautiful women, but she doesn't think of herself as \"sexy\". She added in an interview with the Metro newspaper: \"I don't really pay attention to that sexy image. It just goes with the character in the movie. At the end of the day, it's all a part of selling a product.\" (1).

Jessica Alba called herself feminist because ___. A.

she didn’t like living with her parents B.

she was brought up in a very poor family

C.

she was often against her parents D.

she refused the training and education during her childhood by her parents (2).

From this passage we know that ___. A.

Jessica is a very cruel woman who enjoys hurting others B.

Jessica acted strangely in her children C.

Jessica’s parents believe in Catholic

D.

Jessica rebelled her family because she hated Catholic (3).

This passage is mainly about ___. A.

a rebellious movie star Jessica B.

a weird woman C.

an interview with a newspaper D.

a rebellious heart (4).

Which of the following statements is not true according to the passage A.

Although she is a rebellious woman, she still respects her parents’ beliefs B.

She likes her characters in the movie C.

She cares more about her sexy image because she is very proud of her beauty D.

She got married and has a daughter. 答案：

一、阅读理解（100分，共 5 题，每小题 20 分） 1.

(1). C (2). D (3). B (4). C (5). A 2.

(1). A (2). D (3). D (4). C 3.

(1). D (2). D (3). B (4). B (5). D 4.

(1). B (2). D (3). A (4). D 5.

(1). D (2). C (3). A (4). C