最新最新 高考英语 阅读理解专题练习(附答案) (2)

一、高中英语阅读理解 1．阅读理解

When he was young, Louis Armstrong was taking what was called “Creole jazz”, which was also called dance music, and combining it with trumpeter (小号手) Buddy Bolden, to create what would eventually become today's jazz.

Armstrong accomplished that with almost no formal training. He received little training before he was placed in the New Orleans Colored Waif's Home at the age of 12, after a run-in (小争执) with the police. The punishment turned out to be a mixed blessing, for he also had the opportunity to play in a real band.

While at the Waif's, Armstrong also got the chance to hear some of the city's finest musicians. Cornetist Freddie Keppard performed in a nearby club. So did trumpeter and bandleader, King Joe Oliver, who took the boy under his wing and taught him how to read music and work on his playing technique.

When Oliver left for Chicago, Armstrong chose to stay in New Orleans and work with some of the other top musicians of the day. In Chicago, King Oliver offered him a place in his band in 1922. It became Armstrong's biggest challenge yet — the band had no parts written for trumpet, so he was forced to listen to King Oliver and improvise (即兴创作).

Soon, Armstrong's undeniable talent was getting notice. Even classically trained musicians would come to hear the incredible sounds this young man created.

Lil Hardin, the bands piano player and the future Mrs. Armstrong, explains that Oliver kept Armstrong in the second trumpet-chair so that Oliver would still be “King”. Hardin convinced him to leave the band.

Armstrong moved to New York City in 1924 to join Fletcher Henderson's band and then flew solo. In 1925, Armstrong put together the Hot Five, expanding his popularity even more. Armstrong recorded his first composition, Cornet Chop Suey, one of the most copied jazz solos of all time. This monumental 1928 recording blends (混合) artistry, endurance and showmanship that has rarely, if ever, been matched in Jazz.

（1）What does the underlined word “that” refer to in the second paragraph? A. To play dance music. B. To work with Buddy Bolden. C. To create modem jazz music. D. To play a jazz instrument well. （2）Who taught Louis Armstrong how to play music in the early time?

A. Buddy Bolden. B. Lil Hardin. C. Cornetist Freddie Keppard. D. King Joe Oliver. （3）Why did Louis Armstrong Leave King Oliver's band? A. Because he wanted to get married in New York. B. Because the man forced him to leave the band. C. Because he got a better opportunity in New York. D. Because his talent could not develop completely. （4）What's the main idea of the passage? A. It asks readers to know more about modern jazz.

B. It introduces one of the greatest jazz musicians. C. It introduces the development of jazz.

D. It describes the importance of talent in playing jazz. 【答案】 （1）C （2）D （3）D （4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了音乐人Louis Armstrong学习音乐的过程。 （1）考查代词指代。根据第一段中的to create what would eventually become today's jazz.由此可知that指上段 “...to create what would eventually become today's jazz.”，故选C。 （2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“So did trumpeter and bandleader, King Joe Oliver, who took the boy under his wing and taught him how to read music and work on his playing technique.”小号手兼乐队指挥King Joe Oliver也这么做了，他把小男孩放在自己的侧厅，教他如何阅读音乐，学习演奏技巧。故选D。

（3）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“ Lil Hardin, the bands piano player and the future Mrs. Armstrong, explains that Oliver kept Armstrong in the second trumpet-chair so that Oliver would still be “King”. Hardin convinced him to leave the band.”可推断出Louis Armstrong离开King Oliver乐队的原因是因为他的才能不能得到完全发展，故选D。

（4）考查主旨大意。全文介绍Armstrong如何成为伟大的爵士音乐家，故选B。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，代词指代，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇人物类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

The picture of George Washington is on the one-dollar bill. He served as American's first president from 17 to 1797. President Washington has been called the \"Father of his country.\" The third president of the United States, Thomas Jefferson, is on the two-dollar bill. He was the main writer of the Declaration of independence in 1776. Jefferson was one of the most influential of the nation's Founding Fathers. He was also a plant expert, architect, musician and inventor. Another of American's greatest presidents, Abraham Lincoln, is on the five-dollar bill. He served as the sixteenth president from 1861 until 1865. He successfully led the country through the Civil War, saved the Union and ended slavery.

The picture of Alexander Hamilton appears on the ten-dollar bill. Hamilton was never president. But he was the first Secretary of the Treasury and one of the Founding Fathers. He was also an economist and political philosopher.

Andrew Jackson was the seventh president, serving from 1829 to 1837. He supported popular democracy and individual liberty. His picture is on the twenty-dollar bill.

Another president is on the fifty-dollar bill. Ulysses S. Grant served from 1869 to 1877. Before serving as president, Grant was military commander of Union forces during the Civil War. Under his command, the Union Army defeated Confederate forces.

So who do you think is on the one hundred-dollar bill? It is Benjamin Franklin. Franklin was never elected president, but was one of the Founding Fathers. He was also a leading writer and printer, political thinker, politician, postmaster, scientist, inventor, civil activist, and diplomat. These American statesmen are on the front of the bills. The backs of the notes show images from nation's history or famous places. They are in order, the Great Seal of the United States, the signing of Declaration of Independence and the Lincoln Memorial. The others are the Treasury Building, the White House, the Capitol Building and independence Hall.

（1）The design of the bills shows that Americans values their people's__________ . A. talents in many ways B. success in their careers C. inventions in new fields D. contributions to the country

（2）For hundreds of years, those historic men on the bills fought for the nation's ____________. A. economy and power B. independence and democracy C. wealth and success D. faith and glory （3）Which of the following might be the best title for the text? A. Men on the Money B. the Design of US Bills C. History on the Money D. the Story of US Bills 【答案】 （1）D （2）B （3）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了各种面值的美元纸币上伟大人物，以及他们对国家所做出的贡献。

（1）考查推理判断。文章在描述每一种面值的纸币上的人物时，都着重描写他们对国家的作用与影响，George Washington是第一任总统，Thomas Jefferson宣言的主要起草者，Abraham Lincoln结束内战，废除奴隶制，Alexander Hamilton第一个财政和开国元勋之一，Andrew Jackson支持大众民主和个人自由，Benjamin Franklin开国元勋之一，从而可判断美国人民看重的是伟人对这个国家做出的贡献。故选D。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“President Washington has been called the ‘Father of his country.’\"；第二段中的“Jefferson was one of the most influential of the nation's Founding Fathers.”及下文对美元上其他人物的介绍可知，文章中提到的这些历史上著名的人物，无论是战争，美国内战，还是宣言的起草与签署都反映出他们为争取国家的与民主所做出的努力与牺牲。故选B。

（3）考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“The picture of George Washington is on the one-dollar bill.第二段中的The third president of the United States, Thomas Jefferson, is on the two-dollar bill.”及下文各段的段首句可知，本文主要描述了各种面值的美元纸币上伟大人物，以及他们对国家所做出的贡献。故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解 Camper Lunch Program

We are pleased to offer the Camper Lunch Program for full-day campers or campers participating in both morning and afternoon half-day camps. Lunch at the Overlake School

At the Overlake School in Redmond, you can sign up for lunch at the time of registration. Lunch is provided by the school cafeteria including a hot main dish and a salad bar option. Limited diet restrictions can be accommodated in advance. All orders or cancellations must be made by 4:00 pm on Wednesday. $ 40 for 5-day camp week $ 32 for 4-day camp week Lunch at View Seattle

Two weeks before your camp start date, you will receive a link in your confirmation email to choose your preference between the regular and vegetarian(素的)lunch menus. Besides, camper with allergies or sensitivities are encouraged to bring their own lunch. $ 40 for 5-day camp week $ 38 for 4-day camp week Lunch at St. Thomas School

At St. Thomas School, lunch and snacks are provided by SAGE Dining. Lunch includes a hot main dish, a salad bar and sandwich options. Campers also receive two snacks per day. $ 50 for 5-day camp week $45 for 4-day camp week Lunch at Pacific Science Center

At Pacific Science Center, you can sign up at the time of registration. Lunch is provided by our very own Pacific Science Center Cafe. Every day, standard and vegetarian lunch menus are available and come with a water bottle and two snacks. All orders or cancellations must be made by 4:00 pm on Wednesday. $ 45 for 5-day camp week $ 36 for 4-day camp week

（1）Which program can a camper with a budget of $ 35 choose? A.Lunch at the Overlake School. B.Lunch at View Seattle. C.Lunch at St. Thomas School. D.Lunch at Pacific Science Center.

（2）What are campers for Lunch at View Seattle required to do? A.Stay far away from anything with allergies. B.Choose their lunch preferences in advance. C.Avoid bringing their own lunch for any reason. D.Send emails to offer advice on improving lunch.

（3）What do the last two programs have in common? A.They receive registrations only on Wednesday. B.They encourage campers to bring some snacks. C.They are mainly intended for vegetarian campers.

D.They provide campers with two snacks each day. 【答案】 （1）A （2）B （3）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，向露营者介绍了一些午餐项目的相关信息。 （1）考查细节理解。对比四个项目的价格可知,预算是35美元的露营者只能选择Lunch at the Overlake School这个项目。故选A。

（2）考查细节理解。根据 Lunch at ViewSeattle 部分中的 “Two weeks before your camp start date, you will receive a link in your confirmation email to choose your preference between the regular and vegetarian(素的) lunchmenus. ”可知，Lunch at View Seattle 这个项目的露营者需要提前选择自己的午餐偏好。故选B。

（3）考查细节理解。根据 Lunch at St. Thomas School部分 中的“Campers also receive two snacks per day. ”和 Lunch at Pacific Science Center部分中的 “Every day，standard and vegetarian lunch menus are available and come with a water bottle and two snacks. ”可知，两个项目的共同之处是它们每天给露营者提供两顿零食。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。

4．阅读理解

A dog spent the last four years of his life waiting a crossroad in the Thai city of Khon Kaen as if waiting for someone. People originally thought the dog had been abandoned, but then realized that he looked healthy, so people asked around about him. It turned out that the dog had indeed been spending most of his time around that crossroad, but a woman had been coming -.round regularly to bring him food and water.

One day, while photographing the dog everyone called Leo, a reporter met the woman who had been taking care of him. She had come to drop off some food. After learning the story about the dog and the woman, the reporter decided to share the story on social media. The post soon went viral and the photos of Leo got shared hundreds of times. And the photos reached the eyes of Leo^ former old owner.

Nang Noi Sittisarn, a -year-old woman from Thailand's Roi Et Province, almost had a heart attack when her daughter showed her a photo of the beloved dog named BonBon she had lost during a car trip. When she learned that he had been waiting for her in the same spot for the last four years，her heart melted(融化).

Auntie Noi told her daughter to drive her to where the dog was waiting. When she got there and called his name. BonBon, the poor dog started wiggling(扭动)his tail and came to her，but when she tried to take him home with her, he was unwilling to follow. She didn't want to force the dog to come with her so she agreed to leave him with his new master. However, she and her daughter will come to visit him regularly.

（1）Why did the dog look healthy after separation from his former owner? A.He walked around the crossroad constantly.

B.He was kept at a woman's home all the time. C.A local reporter brought him food and water. D.A woman looked after him on a regular basis.

（2）What does the underlined phrase \"went viral\" in paragraph 2 probably mean? A.Changed surprisingly. B.Spread quickly. C.Appeared gradually. D.Fell directly.

（3）How did Nang Noi Sittisam feel about the dog's waiting for her? A.Shocked. B.Regretful. C.Touched. D.Proud

（4）What can we mainly learn from the story about the dog? A.Unbelievable success is worth waiting for. B.We should adjust ourselves to environments. C.We need to learn to be faithful and thankful. D.No one knows the result until the last minute. 【答案】 （1）D （2）A （3）C （4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。NangNo Stiam四年前不小心丢了一条狗。这条忠诚的狗在走丢的地方等了四年，四年期间他得到了一位好心女士的悉心照料，最后在记者的帮助下与主人重聚。作为回报，他留下来陪伴这位女士。

（1）细节理解题。根据第一段“… but then realized that he looked healthy， so some people asked around about him. It turned out that the dog had indeed been spending most of his time around that crossroad, but a woman had been coming around regularly to bring him food and water. ”可知，那条狗看起来健康是因为一位女士定期照料他。故选D项。

（2）词义猜测题。根据画线短语所在句的句意“那个帖子很快就, Leo的照片被分享了成百上千次。”可推断，画线短语意为“迅速传播”，与Spread quickly意思最为接近。故选B项。

（3）推理判断题。根据第三段“When she learned that he had been waiting for her in the same spot for the last four years，her heart melted(融化).”可推断，NangNoi Sittisarn得知她的狗一直在等待她，她深受感动。故选C项。

（4）推理判断题。这条狗能够等自己的主人四年，说明了他很忠诚;根据最后一段的叙述可知，这条狗找到主人后还要留下来陪伴自己的恩人，说明他知道感恩。由此可推断，我们通过这条狗的故事应该学会忠诚与感恩。故选C项。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和词义猜测三个题型的考查，是一篇记叙文，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概

括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

5．阅读理解

Researchers in Australia have discovered an effective new method to capture the atmospheric carbon dioxide that is damaging our planet and transform it into something solid, making it much easier to store.

Carbon capture isn't new, but previous methods call for the gas to be compressed into liquid and then injected underground. Widespread usage of that technology has been locked by economic and environmental concerns due to possible leaks. Instead, in a study published in Nature Communications, the group details their sustainable and cost-effective plan for transforming CO2 into coal.

This new process involves a liquid metal catalyst(催化剂)that is efficient in conducting electricity. CO2 gas is dissolved in a container with some liquid. Once electricity charge is introduced, the CO2 begins to turn into solid pieces of carbon, which can be collected and stored. What makes this particularly unique is that the entire process can occur at room temperature. Previous experiments have only shown a gas to solid conversion at extremely high temperature, which made it impossible on a large scale. Now, the researchers are hoping that their work will be used to create even further when it comes to carbon storage.

In an interesting side benefit, the solid carbon also works as an electrode(焊条), which opens up a world of possibilities. \"A side benefit of the process is that the carbon can hold electrical charge, becoming a super battery, so it could potentially be used as a part in future vehicles,\" explains Dr. Dorna Estrafilzadeh, a researcher. \"The process also produces fuel as a by-product, which could also have industrial applications.\"

（1）What can we know about the previous carbon capture methods? A. People have to inject liquid to the gas. B. The previous methods can be done easily. C. The previous methods are not very popular. D. People have widely accepted previous methods. （2）What is the special part of the new method? A. It needs electricity to make the process efficient. B. It can be done in any kind of container. C. It doesn't need extreme temperature. D. It can produce much solid carbon.

（3）What can we infer from the last paragraph? A. The method will make fossil oil disappear. B. The method will influence the future industry.

C. The method will make developed countries more powerful. D. The method will be used to make new vehicles. （4）What is the best title for the passage? A. How to change carbon into CO2. B. A new carbon capture technology.

C. A new technology to get useful carbon. D. Australia makes the world cleaner than before. 【答案】 （1）C （2）C （3）B （4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一种新的碳捕获技术的原理，优点和对未来工业的影响。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Widespread usage of that technology has been locked by economic and environmental concerns due to possible leaks.”可知之前技术的广泛应用受到了经济和环境方面的。故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“What makes this particularly unique is that the entire process can occur at room temperature.”可知新技术独特的地方是整个过程可以在室温条件下进行。故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“which opens up a world of possibilities； it could potentially be used as a part in future vehicles和 which could also have industrial applications”可知这种技术的产物开辟了很多新的可能，可以被变成超级电池为未来车辆供能，过程中的副产品可以作为燃料应用到工业中，由此推测该技术会对未来的工业产生巨大影响。故选B。

（4）考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“Researchers in Australia have discovered an effective new method to capture the atmospheric carbon dioxide ”和下文讲述的内容可知，本文主要介绍了一种新的碳捕获方法的原理和优点及其影响。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

6．阅读理解

Standing desks have become common across Silicon Valley, offering health benefits to those willing to work on their feet. However, due to their high price, they have failed to catch on until now. Recently, Ikea has brought out Bekant convertible(可变换的) standing desk that can become a normal desk at the touch of a button. The $500 adjustable desk can transform from a standard desk to a standing one, and Ikea hopes it could make the standing desk mainstream. Experts say that changing from a seated to a standing desk can improve productivity. Similar desks have become a common sight at tech firms such as Google, where some employees have even installed treadmill (跑步机) and bicycle desks.

The desk is not the first \"convertible\" on the market. As early as 2013, Stir Kinect brought out an adjustable desk. The $3,0 Stir Kinect desk has a motor to raise and lower itself, changing it into a standing desk or a traditional desk. The desk can even be programmed to move up and down slightly, making it appear to take a gentle breath to remind the user to change their positions. To move between sitting and standing positions, owners simply double tap on the

screen. The desk can learn the user's preferences over time and suggest the best seating position. The Stir Kinect desk was created by a team of ex-Apple and Disney engineers. It has a built-in touch screen to control and track movement, and can tell users exactly how many calories they burn by standing during their working day. It also has devices containing power points and USB ports for charging phones, to keep cables hidden.

\"Ikea's height-adjustable desk is great for opening up the lower end of the market, \" said JP Labrosse, founder and CEO of Stir. （1）What is the text mainly about? A. Ikea has brought out an adjustable standing desk. B. Silicon Valley offered health benefits to officials. C. Google formed their tech firms to design bicycle desks. D. The Stir Kinect desk will become mainstream in the market. （2）Which of the following is TRUE according to the text? A. Before Bekant desk, similar adjustable desks have been widely used. B. The seated desks will take the place of the standing desks in the future. C. Compared to the Stir Kinect desk, the Bekant desk is much cheaper. D. The adjustable desks were designed by the Apple and Disney Company. （3）The Stir Kinect desk______.

A. can breathe in and breathe out by pressing the button once B. can charge phones by using a device containing power point C. can tell you how many calories you need for a walk D. can advise you to do more exercise at a proper time

（4）What can we infer from the last sentence given by JP Labrosse? A. Ikea's adjustable desk will be popular with average people. B. Ikea will have to sell furniture at a lower price in the future. C. This height adjustable table can only be found in Ikea. D. It is not necessary for Ikea to open up the market at all. 【答案】 （1）A （2）C （3）B （4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，站立式办公桌在美国硅谷已经比较常见，宜家近日推出了一款名为BEKANT的可调节的站立式办公桌，这种桌子对愿意站立式工作的人健康有益。

（1）考查主旨大意。根据第一段可知，站立式办公桌在美国硅谷已经比较常见，对愿意站立式工作的人健康有益。宜家近日推出了一款名为BEKANT的可调节的站立式办公桌，使用者只需按一下按钮便可将其从普通高度调节至站立式高度。宜家希望这款办公桌占领市场，成为主流，故选A。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第一段可知“Bekant convertible standing desk”售价为$500；而第三段中是Stir Kinect desk售价为$3,0，故选C。

（3）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的\"It also has devices containing power points and USB

ports for charging phones, to keep cables hidden.\"Stir Kinect还设置了充电接口以及USB接口，可用于手机充电，故选B。

（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Ikea's height-adjustable desk is great for opening up the lower end of the market,”宜家的可调节办公桌有助于打开低端市场，故选A。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇新闻报道，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

7．阅读理解 Gemini Man

Gemini Man is a big-budget Hollywood sci-fi-action movie based on an original concept, rather than on a superhero comic or an old TV series, even though this particular original concept is more 20 years old. In it a government assassin (杀手)is being hunted down by his own clone The original script was sold by Darren Lemke to a studio in 1997, and since then almost every male A-listener has been attached as a potential star. Now, at long last, Ang Lee has directed Gemini Man, and Will Smith plays both the veteran assassin and his much younger doppelganger (分身). Jojo Rabbit

During World War Two, a 10-year-old German boy (Roman Griffin David) is desperate to be a dutiful Nazi, only to discover that his mother (Scarlett Johansson) is hiding, a Jewish girl (Thomasin McKenzie) in their house. It may not sound like the stuff of a big-hearted comedy but Taika Waititi can make anything warm and funny. As well as writing and directing Jojo Rabbit, Waititi co-stars as the boy's imaginary friend,a nitwitted Adolf Hitler. Doctor Sleep

Mike Flanag's new film is adapted from Stephen King, novel, Doctor Sleep, which was a sequel (续集) to The Shining. You can expect to see blood flowing out of lifts in a rapid stream, ghostly twin girls and headache-including carpet patterns. Ewan McGregor stars as Danny Torrance, the boy with psychic powers m 1980 film. Now, he is a middle-aged hospital counsellor. Maleficent: Mistress of Evil

Here's another chance to see Angelina Jolie. In 2014 she starred in Maleficent, Disney's live-action remake of the Sleeping Beauty cartoon from 1959. The twist was that the eponymous wicked fairy wasn't so wicked, after all, and that the real villain was the father of Princess Aurora (Elle Fanning). The sequel's subtitle promises that Maleficent will actually be evil this time around, her change of heart prompted by Aurora's engagement to handsome prince (Harris Dickinson). （1）What can we learn from this passage? A. Ewan McGregor plays a role in Doctor Sleep. B. Taika Waititi is the main character in Jojo Rabbit. C. Gemini Man is adapted from a 20-yem--old TV series.

D. The real wicked character in Maleficent: Mistress of Evil is Aurora.

（2）If your friend wants to see a horror movie, which one will you recommend? A. Gemini Man B. Jojo Babbit C. Doctor Sleep D. Maleficent: Mistress of Evil 【答案】 （1）A

（2）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了四部电影。

（1）考查细节理解。根据Doctor Sleep部分中的“Ewan McGregor stars as Danny Torrance, the boy with psychic powers in 1980 film.”可知Ewan McGregor在电影Doctor Sleep扮演Danny Torrance的角色。故选A。

（2）考查推理判断。根据Doctor Sleep部分中的“You can expect to see blood flowing out of lifts in a rapid stream, ghostly twin girls and headache-including carpet patterns.”可知电影里有血腥场景，可怕的双胞胎姐妹和让人头痛的地毯图案，故推测喜欢看恐怖电影的人，会选择Doctor Sleep这部电影。故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

8．阅读理解

I visited Elba last June, joining Mary and John on a bicycling vacation. They made the arrangements for the car, hotel and bicycles. I studied the history of the island, which of course particularly features Napoleon.

Napoleon (now I know) picked Elba as a place for peace when he was forced to give up the throne (王权) as Emperor of France in 1814. Far from being a prison island, Elba is beautiful with towering mountains, thick forests and sweeping bays and beaches.

It is also an island filled with treasure. Very early on this island, locals discovered rich deposits of iron. Soon outsiders, too, discovered the iron and 150 other valuable minerals on this little piece of land. Long before Etruscans and other Greeks set foot on it, Dorians had moved in by the tenth century B. C. and were mining the island. The Romans ruled next, obtaining the minerals and building grand houses overlooking the sea. From the twelfth century until the nineteenth, the island was traded back and forth and was passed to France in 1802. Then came Napoleon, the new ruler of Elba.

I was eager to visit his house in Portoferraio. The Emperor lived with his court and his mother, but his wife, Marie Louise had ensconced herself in the splendid Viennese palace of her father, Emperor of Austria. She lived safely there and showed little interest in visiting her husband in his mini-kingdom. Apparently, Napoleon wasn't troubled much by this. He was too busy riding everywhere on horseback, building roads, modernizing agriculture and, above all, sharpening his tiny army and navy into readiness for his escape.

In the formal gardens behind the house it seemed to me that I could imagine the exiled (流放的) conqueror's anxious thoughts. He might gaze over where I stood now, toward the lighthouse of the Stella fort, the sandy bay, and across it, the green mountains of the Tuscan coast. Napoleon spent only ten months here before making his victorious return to France and the throne. （1）What did the author do for the visit to Elba?

A. He did research on its past. B. He arranged transportation. C. He planned bicycling routes. D. He booked accommodation. （2）Who might be the earliest outsiders to Elba according to the text?

A. Napoleon and his army. B. Etruscans and other Greeks. C. Dorians. D. Romans. （3）What does the underlined word \"ensconced\" probably mean? A.Settled. B.Locked. C.Cured. D.Controlled.

（4）What came to the author's mind during his visit to Napoleon's gardens? A.Beautiful views on Elba. B.Terrible living conditions on Elba. C.Napoleon's ambition to regain power. D.Hardship of Napoleon's return to France. 【答案】 （1）A （2）C （3）A （4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者讲述了对拿破仑曾经流放地Elba岛的参观之旅，作者介绍了Elba岛的历史背景与拿破仑在岛上的生活事迹。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“I studied the history of the island, which of course particularly features Napoleon.”可知作者为了Elba的此次拜访对它过去的历史做了一些学习和研究，故选A。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Long before Etruscans and other Greeks set foot on it, Dorians had moved in by the tenth century B. C. and were mining the island.”可知早在伊特鲁里亚人和其他希腊人踏足该岛之前，多里安人在公元前10世纪就已迁入该岛，并在岛上采矿。故Dorians可能是最早到Elba的外来者，故选C。

（3）考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的“She lived safely there and showed little interest in visiting her husband in his mini-kingdom.”可知Marie Louise住在Viennese很安全，对去她丈夫的小王国探视毫无兴趣。live对应上文的ensconce，意思为“定居；安置”，故选A。 （4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“In the formal gardens behind the house it seemed to me that I could imagine the exiled (流放的) conqueror's anxious thoughts.”可知在房子后面的花园里，作者仿佛能想象出那个被流放的征服者的焦虑的思想。即作者在参观拿破仑的花园时想到了拿破仑对重新掌权的野心。故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，而选出正确答案。

9．阅读理解

Almost none of us have the time to read everything we'd like to read. Yet we lose countless hours to daily activities that bring us little joy like taking buses and waiting in line. What if we could turn these little blocks of unoccupied time into precious and rewarding moments for learning and reflection?

Founded in 2012, iReader, a micro-learning app on mobile phones, brings the biggest ideas from best-selling books through 15-minute audio (音频) and text. So far, more than 3,000 books have been included, ranging from psychology and parenting to management and economics, with new titles added every day.

Reader is pioneering a new method of reading, with over 9 million users enjoying the benefits already. According to the Pew Research Center (PRC), the British read just 4 paper books a year and over 25% haven't read a single paper book this year, but reading isn't dying. There are now more ways for the British to read than ever before, due to the widespread use of e-books and audio books.

The books in iReader are rewritten to ensure it is easy to remember the main content. The way the content is edited has been specifically designed to ensure it is useful in practice. Besides, the content is rewritten with relevant examples in real life, which means users are more likely to remember and apply what is helpful to them.

Holger Seim, German co-founder of this app, declares, \"iReader gives you the biggest ideas in the shortest possible time. It transforms great ideas into little packs you can listen to or read in just 15 minutes.\"

（1）What does the author suggest people do in the unoccupied time? A. Read and think. B. Write and share. C. Avoid taking buses. D. Bring joy to daily routines. （2）What can we infer from the PRC findings? A.The British benefit a lot from reading.

B.Reading methods are more important than before. C.Digital technology are taking the place of paper books. D.New forms of books are changing the way the British read. （3）How does iReader make the content easy to remember? A.By bringing fun to it. B.By making it useful. C.By using artistic designs. D.By taking users as examples.

（4）What is the best title for the text? A.iReader Prevents Reading from Dying B.iReader Unites Worldwide Book-lovers C.iReader: The Best New App Creation D.iReader: Big Ideas in Small Packages 【答案】 （1）A （2）D （3）B （4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一种阅读方式：iReader。它开创了一种新的阅读方式，已经有超过900万的用户享受到了这种好处，同时也正改变着英国人的阅读方式。

（1）考查细节理解。第一段中的“Almost none of us have the time to read everything we'd like to read.”几乎没有人有时间读我们想读的所有东西；以及最后一段中的“What if we could turn these little blocks of unoccupied time into precious and rewarding moments for learning and reflection?”可知作者认为我们应该把空闲的时间变成宝贵的、有价值的学习和反思的时间，即作者建议我们利用空闲时间来阅读和思考，故选A。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“There are now more ways for the British to read than ever before, due to the widespread use of e-books and audio books.”可知由于电子书和有声书的广泛使用，英国人现在有了比以往更多的阅读方式。即从PRC的发现中我们能得知新的书籍形式正在改变英国人的阅读方式。故选D。

（3）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“The way the content is edited has been specifically designed to ensure it is useful in practice.”可知iReader通过使得目录有助于实践来让内容更容易记住，故选B。

（4）考查主旨大意。根据最后一段中的“iReader gives you the biggest ideas in the shortest possible time. It transforms great ideas into little packs you can listen to or read in just 15 minutes.”可知iReader能在最短的时间内给你最大的想法。它把伟大的想法转化成小包装，你可以在15分钟内听或读。再结合文章内容可知，文章主要是说明了iReader这种新的阅读方式是小包装里的大创意，故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

10．阅读理解

At one time or another in your life you have probably done origami, even if it was just making a paper airplane or something more complicated like a paper crane. The chances are that as you did it, you reflected on how inventive this traditional art is. Animals, boxes, flowers, boats: it all can be created from a single square or rectangular sheet of paper simply by folding it. No cutting, no pasting.

But did you ever stop to think how the same techniques might be applied to engineering? Equipment that could be of real practical use? Origami meets the demand for things that need to be small when transported and large when they arrive, like the everyday umbrella. In fact, origami-inspired creations have already flown in space; in 1995, Japanese engineers launched a satellite with solar panels that folded like a map.

'It's now mathematically proven that you can pretty much fold anything,\" says physicist Robert J. Lang, who quit his engineering job eight years ago to fold things full time. Lang, an origami enthusiast since age six, advised a advised well-known ear manufacturer the best way to fold an airbag into a dashboard. He is currently working on a space telescope lens that, if all goes according to plan, should be able to unfold to the size of a football field.

At the other end of the scale, researchers are also working on tiny folding devices that could lead to breakthroughs in medicine and computing. There's no doubt that computers of the future may contain tiny, folded motors or capacitors for faster processing and better memory. Applications for origami engineering go further than many of us might imagine. \"Some day,\" says MIT's Erik Demaine, \"we'll build reconfigurable (可重构的) robots that can fold on their own from one thing into another, like Transformers. Too much like science fiction to be true? Maybe—though you certainly wouldn't want to bet against it.\" （1）What do we know about origami?

A. It consumes lots of time. B. It involves interesting ideas. C. It requires complex techniques. D. It has to do with cutting and pasting. （2）Which of the following is an application of origami? A. A space telescope lens can be folded to the size of an umbrella. B. A satellite is equipped with solar panels and a folded map. C. An airbag can be better folded into a dashboard of a car. D. A future computer contains many huge folded motors.

（3）What is Erik Demaine's attitude towards origami engineering?

A. Hopeful B. Doubtful. C. Disapproving. D. Ambiguous. （4）In which section of a newspaper may this text appear?

A. Entertainment. B. Culture. C. Education. D. Pop-science. 【答案】 （1）B （2）C （3）A （4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，折纸是一种具有创造性的传统艺术，而现在它已经被应用到技术工程领域，人们利用折纸原理创造出了很多可折叠的装置。折纸工程将在很大程度上影响未来的医药、计算机和机器人行业。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“The chances are that as you did it, you reflected on how inventive this traditional art is. Animals, boxes, flowers, boats: it all can be created from a single square or rectangular sheet of paper simply by folding it. No cutting, no pasting.”可知，折纸是一个具有创造性的传统艺术，我们不用裁剪或拼贴，只通过折叠就可以把一张正方形或者三角形的纸变成动物、纸盒、花、船等东西，由此推测折纸需要有创造性的和有趣的想法。故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Lang, an origami enthusiast since age six, advised a well-known ear manufacturer the best way to fold an airbag into a dashboard.”可知折纸爱好者Lang向一位制造商建议了把安全气囊折叠到仪表盘中的最佳方式。故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Applications for origami engineering go further than many of us might imagine”可知Erik Demaine认为折纸工程的应用远远超出了我们的想象，由此可推测Erik Demaine对折纸工程的未来充满希望。故选A。

（4）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“in 1995, Japanese engineers launched a satellite with solar panels that folded like a map.”；第三段中的“Lang, an origami enthusiast since age six,

advised a advised well-known ear manufacturer the best way to fold an airbag into a dashboard.”； 第四段中的“There's no doubt that computers of the future may contain tiny, folded motors or capacitors for faster processing and better memory. ”和第五段中的“‘Some day,’ says MIT's Erik Demaine, ‘we'll build reconfigurable (可重构的) robots that can fold on their own from one thing into another, like Transformers.’”可知卫星，安全气囊的折叠，未来电脑的发展和未来可重构机器人，这些都和科学技术相关，故推测本文很有可能出现在报纸的科学板块。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

11．阅读理解

People speak English in different parts of the world. The same words can be used in different ways, depending on where you live. People can also have completely different ways of saying the same thing.

The Oxford English Dictionary (OED) is asking the public to help it add new words. Editors want to find the regional differences in English around the world. They want to expand its record of the language.

Last year, the OED, BBC Radio and the Forward Arts Foundation teamed up to find local words in the United Kingdom. It resulted in more than 100 regional words and phrases being added to the dictionary. One was \"cuddy wifter\

Now, the OED is widening its search to English speakers around the world. Eleanor Maier, an editor at OED, said the response has been great. Editors are listing a bunch of suggestions to include in the dictionary.

These include Hawaii's \"hammajang\for a swimming costume, \"dookers\" or \"duckers\". It is used in Scotland.

The OED also might include the word \"frog-drowner\downpour of rain. Another possibility is \"brick\". It means \"very cold\" to people in New Jersey and New York City.

The dictionary has already found that, depending on location, a picture hanging off center might be described as \"agley\". It might also be called \"catawampous\" or \"ahoo\".

\"The OED aims to cover all types of English,\" Maier said. That includes scientific words, slang and regional language. Maier also said that it can be difficult for the OED's editors to identify regional words. The terms are more often spoken than written down.

The appeal is called Words Where You Are. It is looking for more suggestions. \"We were surprised and pleased by the number of regional words we were able to include,\" said Maier. （1）Which local word of the following most likely comes from one region of the United Kingdom?

A. Hammajang. B. Dookers. C. Catawampous. D. Frog-drowner. （2）What can be inferred from the passage?

A. It is challenging to create a complete collection of regional words. B. People are not enthusiastic about the appeal for regional words.

C. Regional words are more used orally than in written form. D. Understanding regional words can be helpful when communicating.

（3）Which of the following can best summarize the main idea of the passage? A. It's time to track where the local words come from. B. The same English words can be used to say different things. C. OED aims to expand its collection to attract locals.

D. OED will include more regional words from around the globe.

（4）Which part of a newspaper does this passage probably come from? A.Entertainment. B.Sports. C.Culture. D.Health. 【答案】 （1）B （2）A （3）D （4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，通过举例，说明了不同的地方有很多地方性的语言，牛津词典正致力于将这些地方性的语言包含在它的字典之内。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第五段中的“Another is the word for a swimming costume, ‘dookers’ or ‘duckers’. It is used in Scotland.”dookers 或duckers这个词用来指一种泳衣，主要在苏格兰地区使用，以及常识，苏格兰是英国的一部分，可知，Dookers这个词最可能来自于英国的一个地区。故选B。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第八段中的“Maier also said that it can be difficult for the OED's editors to identify regional words. The terms are more often spoken than written down”Maier说识别地方性的词汇对于牛津字典的编辑来说是比较困难的。因为这些词经常为口头描述而没有被记录下来，可以推知搜集各地的地方性语言是一项比较困难的事情。故选A。 （3）考查主旨大意。根据最后一段中的“The appeal is called Words Where You Are. It is looking for more suggestions.”和全文可知，本篇文章主要讲述了牛津字典收集地方性词汇的意义以及进展情况，向大家介绍了这一个项目。故选D。

（4）考查推理判断。纵观全文可知，本文的话题是牛津字典收集地方性词汇，是与文化中的语言相关的，所以我们可以推知这篇文章可能来源于报纸上的文化专栏部分。故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

12．阅读理解

According to a team of researchers, an animal's ability to perceive(感知)time is linked to their pace of life.

\"Our results lend support to the importance of time perception in animals where the ability to

perceive time in a very short time may be the difference between life and death for fast moving creatures.\" commented lead author Kevin Healy from Trinity College Dublin.

The study was done with a variety of animals using phenomenon based on the maximum speed of flashes of light an individual can see before the light source is seen as constant. Dogs, for example, have eyes with a refresh rate higher than humans.

One example of this phenomenon at work, the authors say, is the housefly and its ability to avoid being hit. The research showed flies \"observe motion in a shorter time than our own eyes can achieve, \"which allows them to avoid being hit.

Professor Graeme Ruxton of the University of St Andrews in Scotland, who worked jointly on the research project, said in a statement, \"Having eyes that send updates to the brain at much higher frequencies than our eyes do is of no value if the brain cannot process that information equally quickly. Thus, this work highlights the impressive abilities of even the smallest animal brains. Flies might not be deep thinkers, but they can make good decisions very quickly.\" In comparison, the tiger beetle(虎甲虫)runs faster than its eyes can keep up, basically becoming blind, which requires it to stop periodically to re-evaluate its prey's(猎物)position. Our results suggest that time perception offers an as yet unstudied dimension along which animals can specialize and there is considerable range to study this system in more detail. （1）What is the research mentioned in the passage mainly about？ A. Pace of life of animals. B. Impressive abilities of animals. C. Lifetime of small animals. D. Time perception of animals. （2）What does Kevin Healy's comment mean in Para.2？ A. The survival of fast moving animals relies on their ability to perceive time. B. Animals with quicker pace of life have better perception of time.

C. The ability of animals to perceive time depends on their high moving speed. D. Animals with poor ability of time perception have a shorter life. （3）Why can houseflies avoid being hit? A. They can think very deeply before they act.

B. They can process the information as quickly as they receive it. C. They can fly much faster than their eyes can keep up.

D. They can send information to brain more quickly than to their eyes. （4）What will a tiger beetle have to do to catch a moving prey?

A. Slow down to gain its time perception. B. Prevent itself from becoming blind. C. Stop occasionally to spot the prey again. D. Try to run as fast as it can. 【答案】 （1）D （2）A （3）B （4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了对动物时间感知的研究。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“According to a team of researchers，an animal's ability to perceive（感知）time is linked to their pace of life.”可知，据一组研究人员称，动物感知时间的能力与它们的生活节奏有关，由此可知，文中提到的这个研究是关于动物的时间感知

的，故选D。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“the importance of time perception in animals where the ability to perceive time in a very short time may be the difference between life and death for fast moving creatures.”可知，对于能快速移动的动物而言，在极短的时间内感知时间的能力可能是生与死的区别，由此可知，Kevin Healy说的意思是快速移动的动物的生存依赖于它们对时间的感知能力，故选A。

（3）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“The research showed flies ‘observe motion in a shorter time than our own eyes can achieve，’which allows them to avoid being hit.”可知，家蝇观察物体运动的时间比我们人眼所能达到的时间要短，这使得它们能够避免被击中；再结合第五段中的“but they can make good decisions very quickly.”可知，它们可以很快做出好的决定，也就是说它们可以尽快处理收到的信息，故选B。

（4）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“the tiger beetle（虎甲虫）runs faster than its eyes can keep up，basically becoming blind，which requires it to stop periodically to re-evaluate its prey's（猎物）position”可知，虎甲虫的移动比眼睛快，基本上是盲目的，这就要求它不时地停下来，重新评估猎物的位置，由此可知，为了抓住移动的猎物，虎甲虫需要不时地停下来确定猎物的位置，故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。