五大基本句型

五大基本句型

主系表：表语使用来描述的表达主语的，是主语的一部分，主语（整体）和表语（部分）之间要用联系动词连接起来，联系动词简称系动词

Eg： Lu Han is handsome、tall、22

句子中心 连系作用 对主语的表达

主语 简称 系动词 表语

一体的

主谓宾：主语是发出动作的，宾语是接受动作的，谓语动词是支架，将主语和宾语联系起来。主语和宾语无直接的联系。

Eg： I meet him

发出动作 做的动作 接受动作 主语 谓语 宾语

没有直接关系

主谓： 假如说I open.汉语意思是我打开句子不通顺，但是假如说我因为考试没考好我哭了这句话怎么说，是不是用I cry.这句话是不是就是通顺了，这句话是不是就没有宾语但是依然通顺，那么这种结构就是主谓结构。假如说我为这次考试而哭了怎么说：I cry this exam.翻译过来是我哭这次考试，是不是也不顺，所以为了把cry和this exam连起来我们就需要一个媒介，这个媒介就叫介词。那么我们回过头来比较一下open和cry这两个词，open是不是直接就可以加宾语而cry不可以直接加宾语而是需要一个媒介，所以我们就给能直接加宾语的谓语动词起了个名字叫及物动词，给不能直接加宾语的动词起名叫不及物动词。 主谓双宾：Eg：You give me some gifts. ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ 主语 谓语 宾语 宾语

两个宾语都是接受动作的的，some gifts也没有对me进行表达和描述，那么这两个宾语哪个是直接宾语哪个是间接宾语呢？我们说you是主语，是发出这个动作的，你是先碰到礼物然后再给我吧，那

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五大基本句型

么我们就把主语先接触到的叫做直接宾语，另一个叫间接宾语。这句话也可以怎么说：You give some gifts to me.直接宾语可以直接加到谓语动词后而间接宾语接到直宾之后需要加一个媒介也就是介词。

主谓宾补：Lu Han made me the leader. ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ 主语 谓语 宾语 宾语补足语

通过这句话可以很明显的看出，他让我做粉丝团团长，所以the leader是用来修饰补充me的，那么我们就把修饰补充宾语的叫做宾语补足语。

到现在为止我们就把英语中的五大句型讲完了，这五大句型分别是：主系表、主谓宾、主谓、主谓双宾、主谓宾补。无论我们以后遇到多复杂的句子，都跑不出这五大基本句型。

课本上的句子(C)：

You could tell everything to a friend. ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ 主 谓 直宾 间宾

I shall call my friend Kitty. ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ 主 谓 宾 宾补

I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky...could never have kept me spellbound. ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ 主 谓 宾从 表 系 主 状 主 谓 宾 宾补

It was the first time in a year and a half. ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ 主 系 表 时状

I am having some trouble with my classmates at the moment. ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓

主 谓 宾 状 状

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五大基本句型

This has made me angry. ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ 主 谓 宾 宾补

I don’t want to end the friendship, but I hate others gossip.

↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓

主 谓 宾语 主 谓 宾

Although I try to talk to my classmates, I still find it hard to make good friends with them.

↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓

主谓 宾 状 主 谓 形宾 宾补 真宾 状

I do want to change this situation, but I don’t know how. ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓

主 谓 宾 谓 宾 主 谓 宾

I would be very grateful if you could give me some advice.

↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓

主 系 表 条状 主 谓 间宾 直宾

It’s a good habit for you to keep a diary. ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ 主系 表 状 状

You can express your feelings and thoughts in it. ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ 主 谓 宾 状

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五大基本句型

专题练习（T)

一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分： 1. The students got on the school bus. 2. He handed me the newspaper. 3. I shall answer your question after class. 4. What a beautiful Chinese painting! 5. They went hunting together early in the morning. 6. His job is to train swimmers. 7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing. 8. There is going to be an American film tonight. 9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow. 10. His wish is to become a scientist. 11. He managed to finish the work in time. 12. Tom came to ask me for advice. 13. He found it important to master English. 14. Do you have anything else to say? 15. To be honest, your pronunciation is not so good. 16. Would you please tell me your address? 17. He sat there, reading a newspaper. 18. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy. 19. He noticed a man enter the room. 20. The apples tasted sweet. 二、分析下列句子成分 1. Our school is not far from my home. 2. It is a great pleasure to talk with you 3. All of us considered him honest. 4. My grandfather bought me a pair of sports shoes. 5. He broke a piece of glass. 6. He made it clear that he would leave the city． 7. ---I love you more than her，child ． 8. Tees turn green when spring comes. 9. They pushed the door open. 10. Grandma told me an interesting story last night.

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五大基本句型

表语

一、She is Jane 名词作表语 1、名词的种类：

专有名词 普通名词 不可数名词 集体名词 抽象名词 物质名词 国名地名人名，团可数名词 体机构名称

个体名词 2、 规则名词的复数形式：名词的复数形式，一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es。现将构成方法与读音规则列表如下：

规则 1 一般情况在词尾加-s 例词 map-maps, day-days box-boxes, sea-seas, girl-girls, 2 以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词后class-classes, 加-es watch-watches, dish-dishes leaf-leaves, knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves chief-chiefs, roof-roofs family-families, proof-proofs, thief-thieves, 变-f和-fe为v再加以-f或3 -fe结尾的词 加-s -es 4 以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变party-parties, y为i加-es story-stories, city-cities boy-boys, day-days, 5 以元音字母加y结尾的名词，或toy-toys, 专有名词以y结尾的，加-s 以辅音一般加-es ray-rays, Henry-Henrys Negro-Negroes, hero-heroes, 6 字母加-o结尾的名词 不少外来词加-s potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes piano-pianos, photo-photos, auto-autos, kilo-kilos, solo-solos 5

五大基本句型

两者皆可 zero-zeros/zeroes, volcano-volcanoes/ volcanos bamboo-bamboos, 7 以元音字母加-o结尾的名词加radio-radios, -s 以-th结尾的名词加-s zoo-zoos truth-truths, 8

mouth-mouths, month-months, path-paths, 3、 不规则名词复数：英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的，现归纳如下：

规则 1 例词 改变名词中的元音字母或其他形man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, 式 goose-geese, mouse-mice sheep, deer, means, works, fish, yuan, jin, trousers, clothes, thanks, goods, glasses, people, police 2 单复数相同 3 只有复数形式 4 一些集体名词总是用作复数 4、名词的所有格：

名词在句中表示所有关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格。所有格分两种：一是名词词尾加’s构成，二是由介词of加名词构成。前者多表示有生命的东西，后者多表示无生命的东西。 ’s所有格的构成：

单数名词在末尾加’s the boy’s father, Jack’s book, her son-in-law’s photo, the teachers’ room, the twins’ mother, the children’s toys, women’s rights, Dickens’ novels, Charles’s job, the Smiths’ house 6

一般在末尾加’ 复数名词 不规则复数名词后加’s 以s结尾的人名所有格加’s或者’

五大基本句型

表示各自的所有关系时,各名词末尾均须Japan’s and America’s problems, 加’s 表示共有的所有关系时在最后一词末加’s Jane’s and Mary’s bikes Japan and America’s problems, Jane and Mary’s father 表示＂某人家＂＂店铺＂，所有格后名词the doctor’s, the barber’s, the 省略 of所有格的用法：

the legs of the chair, the cover of the book the classrooms of the first-year students the struggle of the oppressed

二、He is taller and fatter than me 形容词作表语 1、多个形容词修饰同一个名词的顺序

外型：大 限定性词 整体的外小 观 长短 形状 名the all both such a this another your 2、形容词比较级

什么+动词be(am,is,are)+形容词比较级+than（比）+什么,如：

An elephant is bigger than a tiger. （一只大象比一只老虎更大。） 形容词的比较级是在形容词的基础上变化而来的，它的变化规则是： ① 一般的直接在词尾加er，如tall-taller,strong-stronger, ② 以e结尾的，直接加r如fine–finer,

③ 以辅音字母加y结尾的，先改y为i再加er，如funny-funnier ④ 双写最后的字母再加er，如big–bigger,thin–thinner,hot–hotter

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tailor’s, my uncle’s 年龄 颜色 国籍 产地 材料 质地 词 good poor large short square 12 years old black Chinese silk stone yellow London 五大基本句型

除此之外，还有几个特殊的单词，它的比较级和最高级都是不规则的，如： many/much（原形）–more（比较级）–most（最高级） little/few（原形）–less（比较级）–least（最高级） good（原形）–better（比较级）–best（最高级） bad（原形）–worse（比较级）–worst（最高级） far（原形）–further–furthest

三、Many of the old buildings are still here 副词做表语 副词的分类：

1 2 3 4 时间副词 地点副词 方式副词 程度副词 soon, now, early, finally, once, recently here, nearby, outside, upwards, above hard, well, fast, slowly, excitedly, really 5 6 7 频度副词 疑问副词 连接副词 always, often, frequently, seldom, never how, where, when, why how, when, where, why, whether, however, meanwhile when, where, why almost, nearly, very, fairly, 关系副8 quite, rather 词 四、It must be mine 代词做表语 人称1 代词 物主2 代词 主格 宾格 I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them 形容词性 my, your, his, her, its, our, their 名词性 mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves this, that, these, those, such, some（注意后面动词的单复数形式） 3 反身代词 4 指示代词 5 6 疑问代词（简单了who, whom, whose, which, what, whoever, whichever, whatever 解） 关系代词（简单了that, which, who, whom, whose, as 解） 不定代词（简单了one/ some/ any, each/ every, none/ no, many/ much, few/ little/ a few/ a little, 7 解） other/ another, all/ both, neither/ either

五、My phone number is 7474841 数词做表语 （见另一张讲义） 六、Some keys are in classroom 介词短语做表语 （见另一张讲义）

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五大基本句型

七、The main reason is that Mickey was like a common man 从句做表语 八、My dream is to be a teacher to do 不定式做表语

九、My most unforgettable experience was the running for the PE test 动名词做表语

主语 一、Elephants are smart animals. 名词做主语

Mary is my sister. Soccer is difficult. My name is Gina. 形容词性物主代词+名词做主语 The pay phone is next to the library. 形容词+名词做主语

My sister and I got a terrible surprise. 形容词性物主代词+名词做主语 The two mountains were very high and big. 数词+名词做主语 The story is not new to Chinese children

A apple every day is good for our health. 冠词+名词做主语 Problems and worries are normal in life. 名词+名词做主语

The answer to our questions about watching television were also interesting. 名词性短 语做主语

The best thing in life are free. 二、These are my parents. 代词做主语

This is a great school. 指示代词做主语 These are my parents. This is very important. That's too bad.

I’m never late for work. 人称代词做主语 He is like a father to me.

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五大基本句型

We are students from Thailand. They are my favorite animals. I'm so happy to see them again. I was on vacation last month.

Everyone is good at something. 不定代词做主语 Some are about physical health. No one was here.

One is Mother's Day on the second Sunday of May. Nothing is a waste if you have a creative mind. 三、To be a teacher is my dream. To do不定式做主语 To study hard is the most important thing as a student.

To do homework is our essential thing

四、Doing chores家务 is not so difficult.动名词做主语

Volunteering our time to help these people is a good way to spend our free time.

Teaching children is one way to help save pandas. Doing chores is not so difficult.

Listening to The Toms is a good way to wake up. Learning is a lifelong journey.

Laughing for two hours is a good way to relax. Winning or losing is only half the game.

五、It is their dream to have a bridge. It做形式主语 It is not easy to cross the river.

It is getting popular to have cake on your birthday.

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五大基本句型

It is their dream to have a bridge It was difficult to take photos.

It is always interesting to watch other people show their talents. It’s not enough to just get good grades at school. 六、What he needs is a warm clothes. 从句做主语

Whether or not you can do this well depends on your learning habits. What he needs is the shirt of a happy person to wear.

七、Eighteen is the most unforgettable time of my life.数词做主语

Nine is the answer to the question.

八、In the next picture is my brother。介词短语做主语

宾语

一、He hardly watches TV. 名词作宾语

I read English books about twice a week. 形容词+名词作宾语 She also put some candles and matches on the table. 名词+名词作宾语 I like the sweet candy 形容词+名词作宾语 二、He doesn’t treat others nicely. 代词作宾语 They didn’t find anything strange.不定代词作宾语 I like you 人称代词做宾语 三、I have one. 数词做宾语 I need five altogether.

四、We decided to go to the beach near our hotel. TO do 不定式作宾语 I like to watch action movies because they’re exciting. I wanted to buy a toy car for my cousin.

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五大基本句型

五、We enjoy studying together. 动名词作宾语 My sister and I tried paragliding高崖跳伞. I don’t mind doing them.

六、Mr. Wang knew he had to act quickly. 从句做宾语 They tell him what the criminal looks like. Let’s ask what time the band starts playing.

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