英语(二)自考题-2

(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)

一、{{B}}Ⅰ.Vocabulary and Structrue{{/B}}(总题数：10，分数：10.00)

1.Washing the food down with water as a substitute______chewing is not a good habit. （分数：1.00） A.of B.for √ C.to D.from

解析：[解析] 吃东西时，不咀嚼而用水冲下食物不是好习惯。use A as a substitute for B：用A做B的代用品替代。

2.This type of desk and chair can be adjusted______the height of students at different ages. （分数：1.00） A.with B.for C.to √ D.in

解析：[解析] 短语搭配be adjusted to：调整为。 3.______I know, he moved to Shanghai last year. （分数：1.00） A.As long as B.As far as √ C.Far more D.Far away

解析：[解析] as long as一……就……；as far as I know就我所知，故选B。 4.The composition is well written______a few spelling errors. （分数：1.00） A.except B.but C.without D.except for √

解析：[解析] 这篇作文除了有些拼写错误以外写得很好。except除……以外；except for除了……以外，用于表示对主要部分的肯定和对局部的否定。

5.Since the bosses cannot do______profit, workers have an edge. （分数：1.00） A.with B.for C.but D.without √

解析：[解析] 老板们无利不起早，故选D。

6.Some argue that by their______nature, these elite places of learning should not be easily accessible. （分数：1.00） A.very √ B.exactly C.exact D.just

解析：[解析] 有人争论，出于他们特性，这些学习的中坚位置不应该被轻易获得。very：真正的，真实的，恰好的，绝对的，十足的。

7.There is a wood bridge______the river. （分数：1.00） A.above B.on C.over √ D.up

解析：[解析] 考查介词over在……上面，on表示“在……上面”指两物体相接触。

8.Their______Coil Smith says, “Animal research is irrelevant to our health and it can often produce misleading results. ” （分数：1.00） A.spokesman √ B.spokeman C.speaking man D.spoken man

解析：[解析] 考查词汇spokesman：发言人。

9.A minor-party or independent candidate can draw votes away from the major-party nominees but ______almost no chance of defeating them. （分数：1.00） A.gets B.have C.stands √ D.rises

解析：[解析] 考查短语stand no chance of：没有……的希望。

10.It is, they say, the right to change employers which distinguishes employment______slavery. （分数：1.00） A.by B.between C.from √ D.apart

解析：[解析] distinguish A from B：使A区别于B。

二、{{B}}Ⅱ.Cloze Test{{/B}}(总题数：1，分数：10.00)

下列短文中有十个空白。每个空白有四个选项。根据上下文要求选出最佳答案。

Most young people enjoy some form of physical activity. It may be walking, bicycling, or swimming, or in winter, skating or skiing. It may be a game of some{{U}} (11) {{/U}}-football, hockey, golf or tennis. It may be mountaineering. Those who have a passion for climbing high and difficult mountains are often{{U}} (12) {{/U}}with astonishment. Why are men and women willing to suffer cold and hardship, and to take risks on high mountains?This astonishment is caused, {{U}}(13) {{/U}}, by the

difference between mountaineering and other forms of activity to which men give their leisure.

Mountaineering is a sport and{{U}} (14) {{/U}}a game. There are no man-made rules, as there are for such games as golf and football. There, {{U}}(15) {{/U}}, rules of a different kind which it would be dangerous

to ignore, but it is this freedom from man-made rules that makes

mountaineering{{U}} (16) {{/U}}to many people. Those who climb mountains are free to use their own methods.

If we compare mountaineering and other more{{U}} (17) {{/U}}sports, we might think that one big difference is that mountaineering is not a“team game”. We should be mistaken{{U}} (18) {{/U}}this. There are, it is true, no“matches”between“team”of climbers, but when climbers are on a rock face linked by a rope on which their lives may depend, there is{{U}} (19) {{/U}}teamwork.

The mountain climber knows that he may have to fight forces that are stronger and more powerful than man. He has to fight the forces of{{U}} (20) {{/U}}. His sport requires high mental and physical qualities.

（分数：10.00） A.part B.sorts C.sport D.kind √

解析：[解析] 某种类型的运动用kind。 A.dealt

B.looked upon √ C.coped D.disgusted

解析：[解析] look upon看待，看作。 A.probably √ B.precisely C.logically D.strongly

解析：[解析] 很有可能地，可能性很大，用probably。 A.but B.not √ C.also D.is

解析：[解析] 根据上文可知，登山运动是一种娱乐而非运动、比赛。 A.for example B.perhaps C.then

D.of course √

解析：[解析] 表示赞同，肯定。 A.luxurious B.painful C.attractive √ D.noticeable

解析：[解析] 选项A意为奢华的；选项B意为痛苦 的；选项C意为有吸引力的；选项D意为明显的。根据句意应选C。 A.familiar √ B.similar C.regular D.common

解析：[解析] 我们所熟知的运动。 A.by B.in √ C.from D.against

解析：[解析] 在这点上用in。 A.obviously √ B.basically C.already D.conversely

解析：[解析] 由对登山运动的解释可知，它明显是需协力、配合的运动，故此处用明显地。 A.mountain B.wind C.nature √ D.snow

解析：[解析] 联系上下文，此处应为不得不对抗大自然。

三、{{B}}Ⅲ.Reading Comperhension{{/B}}(总题数：3，分数：30.00)

从下列每篇短文的问题后所给的四个选择项中选出一个最佳答案。

Passage One

Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.

The sea is the common property of all nations. It belongs equally to all. None can appropriate it exclusively to themselves；nor is it“foreign”to any. This was the decision of John Marshall, chief justice of the United States from 1801 to 1835. It was stated as a fundamental rule the sea that no one, and therefore everyone, owns the ocean. This means that outside territorial waters(the waters within three miles of a country's coast), the law is whatever nations agree on in peacetime and whatever the strongest naval powers can enforce in wartime. After the United States purchased Alaska, Americans began to seize Canadians who were hunting seals outside Alaskan territorial waters. The Americans claimed that the seals were American property because they often came in to the Alaskan shores owned by the United States. International arbitrators disagreed with this reasoning. In some cases, however, the special rights of a nation that makes use of an open-sea area are recognized.

All of the sea's rules of the road are established by international conferences and treaties.

（分数：10.00）

(1).The fundamental rule of the sea means that______.（分数：2.00） A.the sea should be equally divided among all the nations in the world B.any area of the sea belongs to the nation closest to it C.no nation has any sea rights

D.no nation has exclusive right to the open sea √ 解析：[解析] 由文章第一段前六句可判断，答案为D。

(2).The American's claim to the seals was based on______.（分数：2.00）

A.the idea that the seals coming to American shores were American property √

B.the idea that they were international arbitrators

C.the fact that the United States had purchased all the waters off Alaska D.the fact that the United States had special rights for open-ea areas 解析：[解析] 见文章第一段第八句话。

(3).International arbitrators decided that______.（分数：2.00） A.Canada had no fight to hunt seals off Alaska

B.the Canadians could hunt the seals outside Alaska territorial waters √ C.the United States could claim the seals as its property D.the Americans could not hunt the seals

解析：[解析] 由文章第一段最后两句可知，国际仲裁不同意美国的论断，故B项加拿大人可在阿拉斯加水域外捕猎海豹仍然成立。

(4).In peacetime, nations may acquire special rights on open waters by______.（分数：2.00） A.an agreement with the strongest naval powers B.the decisions of international arbitrators C.international agreements √

D.negotiations with those who own the areas 解析：[解析] 见本文第五行第二句话。

(5).The main idea of this passage is that______.（分数：2.00） A.the law of the sea was stated by John Marshall

B.some nations are able to acquire special open-sea rights C.every nation owns its territorial waters √

D.the laws of the sea are established by international agreement

解析：[解析] 文章通篇所表达的就是every nation owns its territorial waters。

Passage two

Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.

There isn't any question about Washington's greatness. If his administration had been a failure, there would have been no United States. He had all the background that caused him to know how to make it work, because he had worked under the Continental Congress. Some presidents have limited their roles to being administrators of the laws without being leaders. But Washington was both a great administrator and a great leader. I guess, in fact, that the only anti-Washington thing I can say is that he made a mistake when he established the precedent of the two-term Presidency, and even there he had a good personal reason for wanting that, at least for himself. He was attacked viciously by the press of his day, he was called so many terrible things that he told friends ever during his first term that he wasn't going to run again. But Thomas Jefferson and James Madison and Alexander Hamilton persuaded him to go ahead and serve a second term and finally he did. After he'd gotten through his second term, though, he made up his mind that he just wouldn't take it any more, and he quit.

（分数：10.00）

(1).Basically the author's opinion of Washington is______.（分数：2.00） A.praiseful √ B.derogatory C.critical

D.negative

解析：[解析] 本文是一篇赞扬美国总统华盛顿的文章，故选A。 (2).Washington's administration had been a______.（分数：2.00） A.failure B.success √

C.good example followed by other presidents D.miracle

解析：[解析] 由本文第一段最后一句话推断可知，washington的administration是成功的。 (3).Washington's greatness showed itself in that______.（分数：2.00） A.Washington worked under the Continental Congress

B.Washington limited his role to being administrators of the laws C.Washington was both a great administrator and a great leader √ D.Washington established the precedent of the two-term Presidency 解析：[解析] 见文章第一段最后一句话。

(4).What's the author's attitude toward Washington's two-term Presidency?（分数：2.00） A.He thinks Washington made a mistake by doing so.

B.He thinks that Washington had a good personal reason for doing so. C.He thinks that Washington was too selfish in doing so. D.Both A and B. √

解析：[解析] 见文章最后一段第一句话。

(5).Which of the following is NOT true?（分数：2.00）

A.Washington was very popular with the press of his day. √ B.Washington was persuaded to serve the second term.

C.Washington contributed much to the establishment of the United States. D.Washington's greatness is undoubted.

解析：[解析] 见第二段第二句话，他遭受别人恶意的诋毁。

Passage Three

Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.

The physicist investigating the relationship between time and space, the chemist exploring the properties of a new substance, the biologist probing the mysteries of the continuity of life. and the anthropologist(人类学家)searching for human origins share a common trait(特征), curiosity. Not that nonscientist are not curious；most people possess this

characteristic. The scientist,however, uses a specific method to make researches into these enigmatic(难以理解的)problems-the scientific method.

Unfortunately, science and its method are misunderstood, the

multiplication of our knowledge in medicine and technology has led to the idea that science can cure all and explain all and that only enough time, money and intelligence are needed. In truth. science cannot provide all answers. In fact, many phenomena are not even subject to scientific explanations.

On the other side of the coin, science has been attacked as a cause of most contemporary problems. It is said to be responsible for the depersonalization(使失去个性)of the individual, for stripping(夺

去)creativity from human behavior, and for creating massive threats to

the species through the development of nuclear power, insecticides, and polluting machinery. If we analyze the situation, we can see that it was not the original intent of the people who developed computers to debase humankind, nor was mass production proposed as a method to crush creativity. It is what society, policymakers especially, does with scientific achievements that makes them social or antisocial. There is nothing inherently good or bad about science.

（分数：10.00）

(1).Which of the following is the main topic of the passage?（分数：2.00） A.Scientists and their curiosity. B.Science and scientific method. C.Understandings of science. D.Misunderstandings of science. √ 解析：[解析] 见第二段第一句话点题。

(2).The last sentence of Para. 2 could be explained as which of the following?（分数：2.00） A.Many phenomena can be subjects of scientific explanations. B.Many phenomena can find answers in scientific explanations.

C.Scientific explanations cannot provide answers to many phenomena. √ D.Scientific explanations are not related to many phenomena. 解析：[解析] 依题意“事实上，许多现象不能被科学解释”可知选C。

(3).The expression“to debase humankind”in Para. 3 could be explained as______.（分数：2.00） A.to provide base to humankind B.to reduce the value of humankind √ C.to get rid of humankind D.to compete with humankind

解析：[解析] debase使……贬值，故选B。

(4).According to the last paragraph, which of the following will be accepted by the author?（分数：2.00）

A.Science is the cause of modem problems. √ B.Science itself is neither good nor bad. C.Science leads to environmental pollution. D.Science causes many antisocial acts. 解析：[解析] 见最后一段第一句话。

(5).In the expression“On the other side of the coin”in Para. 3, “the coin”is used to refer to______。（分数：2.00）

A.the misunderstanding of science B.the scientific explanation √

C.the money needed in scientific research D.the curiosity of scientists and nonscientists

解析：[解析] 根据上下文对科学的阐述可知，the coin是指科学阐述，故选B。

四、{{B}}Ⅳ.Word Spelling{{/B}}(总题数：20，分数：10.00)

11.固定；系 vt. a_ _ _ _ _ （分数：0.50）

填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：attach） 解析：

12.代表；代表人 n. r_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （分数：0.50）

填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：representative）

解析：

13.消防队员 n. f_ _ _ _ _ _ （分数：0.50）

填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：fireman） 解析：

14.偏袒的 a. P_ _ _ _ _ _ （分数：0.50）

填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：partial） 解析：

15.分析 vt. a_ _ _ _ _ _ （分数：0.50）

填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：analyze） 解析：

16.框架 n. f_ _ _ _ （分数：0.50）

填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：frame） 解析：

17.放松 n. r_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （分数：0.50）

填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：relaxation） 解析：

18.描绘 vt. P_ _ _ _ _ _ （分数：0.50）

填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：portray） 解析：

19.休闲 n. l_ _ _ _ _ _ （分数：0.50）

填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：1eisure） 解析：

20.调节 vt. a_ _ _ _ _ （分数：0.50）

填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：adjust） 解析：

21.机会 n. o_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （分数：0.50）

填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：opportunity） 解析：

22.获得 vt. a_ _ _ _ _ _ （分数：0.50）

填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：acquire） 解析：

23.克服 vt. o_ _ _ _ _ _ _ （分数：0.50）

填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：overcome） 解析：

24.目的地 n. d_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （分数：0.50）

填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：destination） 解析：

25.机构 n. m_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （分数：0.50）

填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：mechanism） 解析：

26.可行的 a. f_ _ _ _ _ _ _ （分数：0.50）

填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：feasible） 解析：

27.中立的 a. n_ _ _ _ _ _ （分数：0.50）

填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：neutral） 解析：

28.典型的 a. t_ _ _ _ _ _ （分数：0.50）

填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：typical） 解析：

29.促进 vt. p_ _ _ _ _ _ （分数：0.50）

填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：promote） 解析：

30.近似的 a. a_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （分数：0.50）

填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：approximate） 解析：

五、{{B}}Ⅴ.Word From{{/B}}(总题数：10，分数：10.00)

31.New and more up-to-date methods have to 1(find)for collecting earthquake data and analyzing it.

（分数：1.00）

填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：be found） 解析：

32.It is not feasible to wait four days until the body 1(use)to the new time zone. （分数：1.00）

填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：is used） 解析：

33.The effects 9f rapid travel on the body are actually far 1(disturb)than we realize. （分数：1.00）

填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：more disturbing） 解析：

34.The surface of some areas consists 1(large)of high mountains and deep valley. （分数：1.00）

填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：largely） 解析：

35.Generally speaking, the quality of life, especially as 1(see)by the individual, is meaningful in terms of the degree to which these various areas of life are available or provide satisfaction to the individual. （分数：1.00）

填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：seen） 解析：

36.The tendency 1(simplify)complex problems blinds managers to other alternatives. （分数：1.00）

填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：to simplify） 解析：

37.was supposed to 1(pay)￡120 but I never received that amount. （分数：1.00）

填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：be paid） 解析：

38.In 1992, Clinton won in states that gave him an 1(overwhelm)370 electoral votes, compared with 168 for Bush and none for Perot. （分数：1.00）

填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：overwhelming） 解析：

39.It is natural for a laborer to imagine that the 1(few)hours he has to spend laboring, and the more hours he is free to play, the better. （分数：1.00）

填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：fewer） 解析：

40.If the neutron star is very large(much bigger than our sun)the process of shrinking may be so intense that a black hole 1(result). （分数：1.00）

填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：results） 解析：

六、{{B}}Ⅳ.Translation from Chinese into English{{/B}}(总题数：5，分数：15.00)

41.重要的不是你分配了多少时间去学习, 而是你在学习时学到了多少东西。 （分数：3.00）

__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()

解析：It is not how much time you allocate for study that counts but how much you learn when you do study．

42.研究人员发现你梦中出现的人越多你醒来时就会越快乐。 （分数：3.00）

__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()

解析：Researchers have found that the more people who appear in your dreams the happier you are on awakening．

43.社会对你玩或不玩是极不关心的。 （分数：3.00）

__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()

解析：Society could not care less whether you play games or not． 44.电脑能帮助解决生命研究中的许多问题。 （分数：3.00）

__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()

解析：The computer Can help solve many problems in vital research． 45.这些商品的价格从几美元到数百美元不等。 （分数：3.00）

__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()

解析：These commodities range in price from a few dollars to several hundred dollars． (The prices of these commodities range from a few dollars to several hundred dollars．)

七、{{B}}Ⅶ.Translation from English into Chinese{{/B}}(总题数：1，分数：15.00)

46.What, then, is a good education at the end of the twentieth century?Some educators suggest that it should include foreign languages and the study of foreign cultures；a mastery of English, including the ability to write and speak well, because communications have become all-important in the modern world. and also because“a person who doesn't speak and write Clearly doesn't reason clearly either”; some knowledge of the social sciences(sociology, psychology)that deal with human relations and human problems；some basic knowledge of modem information systems, since the educated professionals of tomorrow will have to understand their machines. Is that all?“No, of course not. ”answer the educators, “We have not mentioned the two great building blocks of education：history and literature!” Is this truly the best modern education?Perhaps. But every educator would add or subtract a few subjects. And no matter what list of courses would be offered, it would not be approved by all. Not only do the professors have their own ideas on the matter, but the students have theirs'too. “I don't believe, ”protested a Harvard student when his university revised its programs, “I don't believe that colleges have the fight to define what an educated person is. ”But then, who has? （分数：15.00）

__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()

解析：那么什么是20世纪末的良好教育呢?有些教育家提出应包括外国语言和文化的研究；掌握好英语，包括写和说的能力。因为交流已成为现代世界最重要的事情，而且也因为“一个说不清楚、写不明白的人也不会清晰地思考”。还要有一些处理人的关系和人类问题的社会科学知识(社会学、心理学)，一些现代信息系统的基本知识，明天的受过教育的专业人员必须懂得他们的机器(电脑)。是不是就这么多了呢?“不是，当然不是，”教育学家们答道，“我们还没有提到教育的两大块积木：历史和文学呢!” 这果然是最好的现代教育吗?也许是吧。但每个教育学家总会加上或减去几门学科，不管拿出一个什么样的课程表来，总不会得到每一个人的认可，对这件事不仅教授们有自己的看法，而且学生也有自己的想法。哈佛大学修改授课计划时，该校有一个学生抗议说：“我认为学校无权下定义来规定什么人才是受过教育的人。”然而，谁有呢?